scholarly journals Assessed refereeing decision (Sports Coverage)

10.34778/2zg ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catharina Vögele ◽  
Markus Schäfer
Keyword(s):  
Media Coverage ◽  
Sports Medicine ◽  
Output Analysis ◽  
Selection Decisions ◽  
Sports Coverage ◽  
The Media ◽  
Media Reports ◽  
Theorie Und Praxis ◽  
Effects Of Media ◽  
Media Data

The variable "Assessed refereeing decision" refers to the question which decisions of referees are rated in media reports on football matches. It is coded which decisions made by referees (f. ex. penalty kicks, sending-offs or offside decisions) are assessed and how they are rated.   Field of application/theoretical foundation: Ratings of refereeing decisions are omnipresent in the media coverage of football matches. They can be expressed either in live commentaries on football matches or in post-match reports and match analyses. When reporting on football matches, journalists are faced with the question which events during a match are worth reporting. Therefore, they face the challenge of having to make numerous selection decisions. In addition to the performance of players and teams on the pitch, the referees and their decisions can also influence the course and outcome of the game (e.g. Weston, Drust, Atkinson & Gregson, 2011). Concerning journalistic selection decisions, on the other hand, various factors can be important, such as the attitudes of the journalists, routines in media organizations or general journalistic rules (e.g. Donsbach, 1987, Weischenberg, 1992). In order to understand why journalists make which selection decisions, it is first important to identify which decisions they make and thus which refereeing decisions are rated and how they are rated.   References/combination with other methods of data collection: In order to find out which refereeing decisions journalists select and discuss, an input-output analysis can be used to compare the refereeing decisions selected by journalists and all refereeing decisions made in the course of the match. Such a comparison with extra-media data makes it possible to identify which decisions are reported particularly frequently. In addition, the combination of content analytical results and surveys of referees and sports journalists is useful to identify reciprocal effects of media coverage of referees on the referees themselves (see Schäfer & Eschmann, 2019) and to ask sports journalists about the factors influencing their selection decisions.    Example study: Vögele and Schäfer (2019) analyzed the coverage of referees in the German Bundesliga in tv match reports on the ARD Sportschau. For this purpose, they examined the ratings of referees in a total of 591 match reports in the seasons 2011/12 to 2017/18. For each rating of a referee, they recorded the main object of the refereeing evaluation (main referee, video assistant, assistant etc.), the tendency of the rating, the originator of the rating (commentator, actors of the participating associations etc.) as well as the requested or proposed alternative decision, in addition to the assessed refereeing decision. The reliability score of the coding for the assessed refereeing decision was an acceptable Krippendorff's Alpha of .91 (Holsti=.93; two coders*). The category "assessed refereeing decision" was described as follows (The complete codebook for analysis is available at: https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/FU8H7)   Bewertete Schiedsrichterentscheidung In dieser Kategorie wird erfasst, welche Schiedsrichterentscheidung der Bewertung der Schiedsrichter*innen zu Grunde liegt. Die Schiedsrichterentscheidungen sind dabei eingeteilt in Vergehen, persönliche Strafen und Spielfortsetzungen. Im Normalfall sollte immer die jeweilige detaillierte Ausprägung bei der Codierung erfasst werden. Kritisiert der Kommentator also beispielsweise, dass der Schiedsrichter einen Strafstoß gegeben hat, wird hier Strafstoß als bewertete Schiedsrichterentscheidung codiert. Stellt der Kommentator fest, dass der Schiedsrichter eine gelbe Karte zu Unrecht vergeben hat, wird gelbe Karte codiert. Ist allgemein davon die Sprache, dass der Schiedsrichter viele Fehlentscheidungen getroffen hat, wird bei dieser Kategorie die Ausprägung 0 „Entscheidungen allgemein“ codiert. 0          keine spezielle Entscheidung, sondern Entscheidungen allgemein 10        Vergehen 11        Foulspiel 12        Handspiel 13        Tätlichkeit 14        Unsportlichkeit 15        Abseits 20        persönliche Strafe 21        Verwarnung/gelbe Karte 22        gelb-rote Karte 23        rote Karte 24        Ermahnung 30        Spielfortsetzung 31        Vergabe Strafstoß 32        Ausführung Strafstoß 33        Wiederholung Strafstoß 34        Vergabe Freistoß 35        Ausführung Freistoß 36        Wiederholung Freistoß 37        Vergabe Eckball 38        Ausführung Eckball 39        Vergabe Einwurf 40        Ausführung Einwurf 41        Schiedsrichterball 42        Weiterspielen 43        Anspiel/Tor 44        Abpfiff/Spielende 45        Abstoß 46        Halbzeitpfiff 99        Sonstige Entscheidung: _______________   References Donsbach, W. (1987). Journalismusforschung in der Bundesrepublik. Offene Fragen trotz ‚Forschungsboom‘. In J. Wilke (Hrsg.), Zwischenbilanz der Journalistenausbildung (S. 105-142). München: Ölschläger. Weischenberg, S. (1992). Journalistik. Theorie und Praxis aktueller Medienkommunikation. Band 1. Opladen: Westdeutscher. Weston, M., Drust, B., Atkinson, G., & Gregson, W. (2011). Variability of soccer referees' match performances. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 32(3), 190-194. Vögele, C., & Schäfer, M. (2019). Fußball-Schiedsrichter im Spiegel der Medien: Die Berichterstattung über Bundesliga-Schiedsrichter in der ARD-Sportschau. Journal für Sportkommunikation und Mediensport, 4(1), 1-24. Verfügbar unter: https://openjournals.hs-hannover.de/jskms/article/view/111/96

scholarly journals Media Coverage of Pedophilia: Benefits and Risks from Healthcare Practitioners’ Point of View

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (16) ◽  
pp. 5739 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Stelzmann ◽  
Sara Jahnke ◽  
Laura F. Kuhle
Keyword(s):  
Media Coverage ◽  
Expert Knowledge ◽  
Sexual Offending ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Raising Awareness ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
The Media ◽  
Media Reports ◽  
Effects Of Media

The fierce stigma associated with pedophilia may interfere with attempts to prevent sexual offending. Prior research on the effects of media reports about pedophilia mostly focused on their role in perpetuating stigma in the general population. In order to better understand potential benefits and risks of the media coverage on people with pedophilia and specialized prevention and treatment efforts, we conducted semi-structured qualitative interviews with 11 healthcare practitioners of the German Prevention Network “Don’t offend”. Healthcare practitioners described positive (e.g., raising awareness for prevention offers) as well as negative (e.g., perpetuating the existing public stigma) effects of the media coverage and estimated that only about one-third of media coverage portrays pedophilia realistically. To destigmatize pedophilia and benefit the prevention of child sexual abuse, a fact box for journalists was developed based on practitioners’ expert knowledge.

scholarly journals Personalized Cancer Medicine in the Media: Sensationalism or Realistic Reporting?

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 741
Author(s):  
Katherine Hicks-Courant ◽  
Jenny Shen ◽  
Angela Stroupe ◽  
Angel Cronin ◽  
Elizabeth F. Bair ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Personalized Medicine ◽  
Media Coverage ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Federal Drug Administration ◽  
Personalized Cancer Medicine ◽  
The Media ◽  
Cancer Medicine ◽  
Media Reports ◽  
Personalized Cancer ◽  
Standard Tests

Background: Given that media coverage can shape healthcare expectations, it is essential that we understand how the media frames “personalized medicine” (PM) in oncology, and whether information about unproven technologies is widely disseminated. Methods: We conducted a content analysis of 396 news reports related to cancer and PM published between 1 January 1998 and 31 December 2011. Two coders independently coded all the reports using a pre-defined framework. Determination of coverage of “standard” and “non-standard” therapies and tests was made by comparing the media print/broadcast date to the date of Federal Drug Administration approval or incorporation into clinical guidelines. Results: Although the term “personalized medicine” appeared in all reports, it was clearly defined only 27% of the time. Stories more frequently reported PM benefits than challenges (96% vs. 48%, p < 0.001). Commonly reported benefits included improved treatment (89%), prediction of side effects (30%), disease risk prediction (33%), and lower cost (19%). Commonly reported challenges included high cost (28%), potential for discrimination (29%), and concerns over privacy and regulation (21%). Coverage of inherited DNA testing was more common than coverage of tumor testing (79% vs. 25%, p < 0.001). Media reports of standard tests and treatments were common; however, 8% included information about non-standard technologies, such as experimental medications and gene therapy. Conclusion: Confusion about personalized cancer medicine may be exacerbated by media reports that fail to clearly define the term. While most media stories reported on standard tests and treatments, an emphasis on the benefits of PM may lead to unrealistic expectations for cancer genomic care.

scholarly journals Figure Caption Correction: Characteristics of Articles About Human Papillomavirus Vaccination in Japanese Newspapers: Time-Series Analysis Study (Preprint)

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nao Ueda ◽  
Ryoki Yokouchi ◽  
Taro Onoda ◽  
Atsushi Ogihara
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Time Series ◽  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Time Series Analysis ◽  
Media Coverage ◽  
Cancer Vaccination ◽  
Health Related ◽  
The Media ◽  
Media Reports

UNSTRUCTURED Media coverage and reports have a major influence on individual vaccination and other health-related activities. People use the media to seek information and knowledge on health-related behaviors. They obtain health-related information from media such as television and newspapers, and they trust such information. While several studies have examined the relation between media coverage and individual health, there is a lack of studies that have analyzed media reports of health information. In particular, we have found no analyses related to cervical cancer (human papillomavirus [HPV]) vaccine. This study aimed to identify mentions of cervical cancer vaccine in Japan’s printed news media and to determine their characteristics. We used the archival databases of 2 Japanese newspapers, Yomiuri Shimbun (Yomidasu Rekishikan) and Asahi Shimbun (Kikuzo II Visual), for text mining. First, we created a database by extracting articles published between January 1, 2007, and December 31, 2014, that matched the terms “cervical cancer” AND “vaccination” in a keyword search. Then, we tallied the extracted articles based on the month of publication and number of characters in order to conduct a time-series analysis. We extracted a total of 219 articles. Of these, 154 (70.3%) were positive and 51 (23.3%) were negative toward HPV vaccination. Of the 51 negative articles, 4 (7.8%) were published before June 2013, when routine vaccination was temporarily discontinued due to concerns regarding side effects, and 47 (92.2%) were published since then. The negative reports commonly cited side effects, although prior to June 2013, these issues were hardly mentioned. Although foreign media reports mentioned side effects before routine vaccination was temporarily discontinued, fewer articles mentioned side effects than recommendations for vaccination. Furthermore, on June 13, 2013, the World Health Organization’s advisory body Global Advisory Committee on Vaccine Safety issued a statement regarding the safety of HPV vaccines, but hardly any articles reported this statement. Rather, several articles were published about the side effects after June 2013. Since we consider media coverage to be a factor affecting human health behavior, the media should extensively report on the cost of not receiving cervical cancer vaccination, global trends concerning cervical cancer vaccination, and statements released by various agencies on the subject.

scholarly journals Media influence on humanitarian interventions: analysis of the Rohingya refugee crisis and international media coverage

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle J. Lee
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Media Coverage ◽  
New York Times ◽  
Refugee Crisis ◽  
International Media ◽  
International Pressure ◽  
Humanitarian Interventions ◽  
The Media ◽  
Effects Of Media ◽  
The Guardian

AbstractIn 2017, the long-festering discriminatory treatment to the Rohingyas in Myanmar, both in law and practice, resulted in the largest cross-border humanitarian crisis in Asia. During the 2016‑2017 Rohingya refugee crisis, the aerial shots of burnt villages and images of people trudging toward the horizon in search of refuge in neighboring nations dominated the Western media. However, for humanitarians, the question of whether the media helps with humanitarian crises remains complicated and unclear. This study examines the effects of media coverage on the Rohingya refugee crisis based on articles from two liberal, elite newspaper sources, The New York Times and The Guardian between 2010 and 2020. The study reveals that the attempts of international pressure to stop the crisis have increased through media coverage and political pressures; however, the number of Rohingya refugees fleeing Myanmar intensified due to worsening violence and human rights violations committed by the Myanmar army. Findings are discussed using the lens of cultural and ideological context. The study suggests that in Myanmar, where authoritarian military culture is pervasive, there is a limited influence of the international press on the state-sponsored ethnic cleansing of the Rohingya population and questions whether consistent international pressure could have changed the outcome.

The Increase of How Mass Media Coverage Manipulates Our Minds

2021 ◽  
pp. 176-198
Author(s):  
David Brian Ross ◽  
Richard Louis ◽  
Melissa T. Sasso
Keyword(s):  
Social Constructionism ◽  
News Media ◽  
Media Coverage ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
Mass Society ◽  
The Media ◽  
Media Reports ◽  
The Mind

This chapter explores the insight of how the mind is negatively impacted by the news media. The purpose of this chapter is to introduce readers to how the human brain processes good and adverse effects of the news. The chapter begins with the overview that delves into the various aspects such as our brain and how it processes emotions, the theoretical frameworks of mass society, Marxism, functionalism, social constructionism, the historical context of the media in various countries, journalists and pundits, how the media divides communities, and how the media reports world events causing individuals to suffer from adverse psychological effects. This chapter then ends with a conclusion that consists of suggested future research.

Who Gets into the Papers? Party Campaign Messages and the Media

2017 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 281-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas M. Meyer ◽  
Martin Haselmayer ◽  
Markus Wagner
Keyword(s):  
Media Coverage ◽  
Press Releases ◽  
Media Attention ◽  
Party Strategies ◽  
Campaign Messages ◽  
Potential Success ◽  
The Media ◽  
Media Reports ◽  
Party Press ◽  
Shed Light

Parties and politicians want their messages to generate media coverage and thereby reach voters. This article examines how attributes related to content and sender affect whether party messages are likely to get media attention. Based on content analyses of 1,613 party press releases and 6,512 media reports in a parliamentary, multiparty context, we suggest that party messages are more likely to make it into the news if they address concerns that are already important to the media or other parties. Discussing these issues may particularly help opposition parties and lower-profile politicians get media attention. These results confirm the importance of agenda setting and gatekeeping, shed light on the potential success of party strategies, and have implications for political fairness and representation.

scholarly journals Prejudgment of the accused (Justice and Crime Coverage)

10.34778/2zs ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franziska Oehmer
Keyword(s):  
Media Coverage ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Court Case ◽  
Media Ethics ◽  
Criminal Proceedings ◽  
Work In Progress ◽  
Court Reporting ◽  
Personal Rights ◽  
The Media ◽  
Effects Of Media

In some legal systems, strong prejudicial reporting can be recognized as a reason for reduced sentences in trials (e.g. in Switzerland: BGer 6B_45/2014). It is argued that the accused has already been punished by the public pillory. This variable serves to capture the extent of the implicit or explicit references to the guilt of the accused before the end of the trial (Schulz 2002).   Field of application/theoretical foundation: The variable “prejudgment of the accused” is of particular relevance in the context of debates on media ethics and legal philosophy. With the use of this variable, the extent to which personal rights provisions of the defendant are respected in media coverage is discussed.   Example study: Oehmer (work in progress)   Information on Oehmer (work in progress) Author: Franziska Oehmer Research interest: The study focuses on three sets of questions concerning 1) the selection and representativeness of court reporting, 2) the information function of court reporting and 3) the presentation of court reporting. Object of analysis: court coverage in Swiss newspapers (Tagesanzeiger, NZZ, Neue Luzerner Zeitung, Südostschweiz, Blick, Gratiszeitung, 20Minuten) Time frame of analysis: January 2007 – December 2017 Codebook: available (see attachment)   Info about variable Variable name/definition: prejudgment of the accused [Vorverurteilung des Angeklagten] Level of analysis: Actors in most covered court case in article Values: Keine Vorverurteilung: Über den Angeklagten wird nicht wertend berichtet. Indikatoren: Mutmasslicher Täter Implizite Vorverurteilung: Die Tatschuld wird implizit durch Begriffe, Wertungen oder Deutungen nahegelegt. Explizite Vorverurteilung: Die Tatschuld wird als erwiesen betrachtet. Der Angeklagt wird klar als Täter identifiziert. Indikatoren: Mörder, Täter Intercoder reliability: Holsti .88; Krippendorff’s Alpha: .56 (2 Coder)   References Oehmer, Franziska. Die dritte Gewalt in den Medien. Eine repräsentative quantitative Inhaltsanalyse der Gerichtsberichterstattung Schweizer Medien (work in progress). [Justice in the media. A representative quantitative content analysis of court reporting in the Swiss media]. Schulz, U. (2002): Die rechtlichen Auswirkungen von Medienberichterstattung auf Strafverfahren. Frankfurt: Peter Lang. [The legal effects of media coverage on criminal proceedings].

scholarly journals Characteristics of Articles About Human Papillomavirus Vaccination in Japanese Newspapers: Time-Series Analysis Study (Preprint)

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nao Ueda ◽  
Ryoki Yokouchi ◽  
Taro Onoda ◽  
Atsushi Ogihara
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Time Series ◽  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Time Series Analysis ◽  
Media Coverage ◽  
Cancer Vaccination ◽  
Health Related ◽  
The Media ◽  
Media Reports

BACKGROUND Media coverage and reports have a major influence on individual vaccination and other health-related activities. People use the media to seek information and knowledge on health-related behaviors. They obtain health-related information from media such as television and newspapers, and they trust such information. While several studies have examined the relation between media coverage and individual health, there is a lack of studies that have analyzed media reports of health information. In particular, we have found no analyses related to cervical cancer (human papillomavirus [HPV]) vaccine. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to identify mentions of cervical cancer vaccine in Japan’s printed news media and to determine their characteristics. METHODS We used the archival databases of 2 Japanese newspapers, Yomiuri Shimbun (Yomidasu Rekishikan) and Asahi Shimbun (Kikuzo II Visual), for text mining. First, we created a database by extracting articles published between January 1, 2007, and December 31, 2014, that matched the terms “cervical cancer” AND “vaccination” in a keyword search. Then, we tallied the extracted articles based on the month of publication and number of characters in order to conduct a time-series analysis. RESULTS We extracted a total of 219 articles. Of these, 154 (70.3%) were positive and 51 (23.3%) were negative toward HPV vaccination. Of the 51 negative articles, 4 (7.8%) were published before June 2013, when routine vaccination was temporarily discontinued due to concerns regarding side effects, and 47 (92.2%) were published since then. The negative reports commonly cited side effects, although prior to June 2013, these issues were hardly mentioned. Although foreign media reports mentioned side effects before routine vaccination was temporarily discontinued, fewer articles mentioned side effects than recommendations for vaccination. Furthermore, on June 13, 2013, the World Health Organization’s advisory body Global Advisory Committee on Vaccine Safety issued a statement regarding the safety of HPV vaccines, but hardly any articles reported this statement. Rather, several articles were published about the side effects after June 2013. CONCLUSIONS Since we consider media coverage to be a factor affecting human health behavior, the media should extensively report on the cost of not receiving cervical cancer vaccination, global trends concerning cervical cancer vaccination, and statements released by various agencies on the subject.

Study of the Media’s Potential Influence on Prospective Research Participants’ Understanding of and Motivations for Participation in a High-Profile Phase I Trial

2002 ◽  
Vol 20 (18) ◽  
pp. 3785-3791 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca D. Pentz ◽  
Anne L. Flamm ◽  
Jeremy Sugarman ◽  
Marlene Z. Cohen ◽  
G. Daniel Ayers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase I ◽  
Media Coverage ◽  
Potential Influence ◽  
Personal Benefit ◽  
High Profile ◽  
The Media ◽  
Media Reports ◽  
Initial Source ◽  
Motivation To Participate ◽  
Source Of Information

PURPOSE: To describe prospective participants’ initial source of information about, understanding of, and motivation to participate in a phase I clinical trial of the antiangiogenesis agent human recombinant endostatin. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We surveyed 100 of 130 persons referred to the endostatin trial between October 1999 and November 2000 and analyzed media coverage of the agent from 1997 to 2000. RESULTS: Forty-seven percent of survey respondents first heard about the trial from media reports. Fifty-one percent of these subsequently contacted their physicians. Thirty-three percent of respondents correctly understood the purpose of the trial. Seventy-nine respondents were interviewed before they met trial investigators to discuss the trial. Of these, those who first heard about endostatin from the media were five times more likely to understand correctly the trial’s purpose than those who first heard from other sources. Seventy-four percent (70 of 95) of respondents cited hope for personal benefit as the main reason for their willingness to enroll. Those who first heard about endostatin from the media were no more motivated by hope of personal benefit (77%) than those who first heard from other sources (71%) (P = .46). Ninety-nine percent of all respondents cited “joining the study gives me hope” as a contributing factor in their decision making about the trial. CONCLUSION: Media coverage prompted prospective participants to contact their physicians but did not seem to hinder understanding nor could it be shown to heighten their hope for personal benefit.

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