Study of the Media’s Potential Influence on Prospective Research Participants’ Understanding of and Motivations for Participation in a High-Profile Phase I Trial

2002 ◽  
Vol 20 (18) ◽  
pp. 3785-3791 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca D. Pentz ◽  
Anne L. Flamm ◽  
Jeremy Sugarman ◽  
Marlene Z. Cohen ◽  
G. Daniel Ayers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase I ◽  
Media Coverage ◽  
Potential Influence ◽  
Personal Benefit ◽  
High Profile ◽  
The Media ◽  
Media Reports ◽  
Initial Source ◽  
Motivation To Participate ◽  
Source Of Information

PURPOSE: To describe prospective participants’ initial source of information about, understanding of, and motivation to participate in a phase I clinical trial of the antiangiogenesis agent human recombinant endostatin. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We surveyed 100 of 130 persons referred to the endostatin trial between October 1999 and November 2000 and analyzed media coverage of the agent from 1997 to 2000. RESULTS: Forty-seven percent of survey respondents first heard about the trial from media reports. Fifty-one percent of these subsequently contacted their physicians. Thirty-three percent of respondents correctly understood the purpose of the trial. Seventy-nine respondents were interviewed before they met trial investigators to discuss the trial. Of these, those who first heard about endostatin from the media were five times more likely to understand correctly the trial’s purpose than those who first heard from other sources. Seventy-four percent (70 of 95) of respondents cited hope for personal benefit as the main reason for their willingness to enroll. Those who first heard about endostatin from the media were no more motivated by hope of personal benefit (77%) than those who first heard from other sources (71%) (P = .46). Ninety-nine percent of all respondents cited “joining the study gives me hope” as a contributing factor in their decision making about the trial. CONCLUSION: Media coverage prompted prospective participants to contact their physicians but did not seem to hinder understanding nor could it be shown to heighten their hope for personal benefit.

scholarly journals Personalized Cancer Medicine in the Media: Sensationalism or Realistic Reporting?

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 741
Author(s):  
Katherine Hicks-Courant ◽  
Jenny Shen ◽  
Angela Stroupe ◽  
Angel Cronin ◽  
Elizabeth F. Bair ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Personalized Medicine ◽  
Media Coverage ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Federal Drug Administration ◽  
Personalized Cancer Medicine ◽  
The Media ◽  
Cancer Medicine ◽  
Media Reports ◽  
Personalized Cancer ◽  
Standard Tests

Background: Given that media coverage can shape healthcare expectations, it is essential that we understand how the media frames “personalized medicine” (PM) in oncology, and whether information about unproven technologies is widely disseminated. Methods: We conducted a content analysis of 396 news reports related to cancer and PM published between 1 January 1998 and 31 December 2011. Two coders independently coded all the reports using a pre-defined framework. Determination of coverage of “standard” and “non-standard” therapies and tests was made by comparing the media print/broadcast date to the date of Federal Drug Administration approval or incorporation into clinical guidelines. Results: Although the term “personalized medicine” appeared in all reports, it was clearly defined only 27% of the time. Stories more frequently reported PM benefits than challenges (96% vs. 48%, p < 0.001). Commonly reported benefits included improved treatment (89%), prediction of side effects (30%), disease risk prediction (33%), and lower cost (19%). Commonly reported challenges included high cost (28%), potential for discrimination (29%), and concerns over privacy and regulation (21%). Coverage of inherited DNA testing was more common than coverage of tumor testing (79% vs. 25%, p < 0.001). Media reports of standard tests and treatments were common; however, 8% included information about non-standard technologies, such as experimental medications and gene therapy. Conclusion: Confusion about personalized cancer medicine may be exacerbated by media reports that fail to clearly define the term. While most media stories reported on standard tests and treatments, an emphasis on the benefits of PM may lead to unrealistic expectations for cancer genomic care.

Media reporting of suicide and adherence to media guidelines

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (6) ◽  
pp. 536-544 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niall McTernan ◽  
Ailbhe Spillane ◽  
Grace Cully ◽  
Eimear Cusack ◽  
Theresa O’Reilly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Suicidal Behaviour ◽  
Media Coverage ◽  
Codes Of Conduct ◽  
Front Page ◽  
Quality Of Reporting ◽  
Media Reporting ◽  
High Profile ◽  
Suicide Note ◽  
The Media

Background: International research consistently shows evidence for an association between sensationalised and detailed media reporting, and suicidal behaviour. Aim: This study examined the quality of media reporting of suicide and adherence to media guidelines in Ireland. Methods: In accordance with the criteria outlined in the media guidelines for reporting suicide, 243 media articles were screened and analysed for quality of reporting of two high-profile cases of suicide and two cases of suicide that became high profile following a period of intense media coverage that occurred between September 2009 and December 2012. Results: A minority of articles breached the media guidelines in relation to sensationalised language (11.8%), placement of reports on the front page of the newspaper (9.5%), publishing of inappropriate photographs (4.2%) and mention of location of suicide (2.4%), while no articles disclosed the contents of a suicide note. However, in the majority of articles analysed, journalists did not refer to appropriate support services for people vulnerable to, and at risk of suicide (75.8%) or mention wider issues that are related to suicidal behaviour (53.8%). Overemphasis of community grief (48.3%) was also common. Nearly all articles (99.2%) breached at least one guideline and 58.9% of articles breached three or more guidelines. Conclusion: Overall, adherence to media guidelines on reporting suicide in Ireland improved in certain key areas from September 2009 until December 2012. Nonetheless, important challenges remain. Increased monitoring by media monitoring agencies, regulators and government departments is required. Implementation should be conducted using a pro-active approach and form part of the curriculum of journalists and editors. The inclusion of guidelines for the reporting of suicidal behaviour in press codes of conduct for journalists warrants consideration.

From the FEC to the Ballot Box: Voter Accountability for Campaign Finance Law Violations

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 1000-1035
Author(s):  
Ben Gaskins ◽  
Ellen Seljan ◽  
Todd Lochner ◽  
Katie Kowal ◽  
Zane Dundon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Media Coverage ◽  
Campaign Finance ◽  
Political Candidates ◽  
Federal Election Commission ◽  
High Profile ◽  
Finance Law ◽  
The Media ◽  
Campaign Finance Laws ◽  
Campaign Finance Law ◽  
Election Commission

Scholarship suggests the Federal Election Commission lacks adequate enforcement tools to deter those who would violate campaign finance laws. But can and do voters hold political candidates accountable for violating these laws? In this article, we employ two studies to empirically evaluate these questions. The first examines the extent to which media cover campaign finance violations, and how they do so. The second employs an experimental approach to test the effects of such media coverage on evaluations of political candidates, in particular whether knowledge of a candidate’s violation of campaign finance laws erodes voter support. We find that the media are more likely to cover campaign finance impropriety for high-profile offices, when criminal action is alleged, and for most serious violations. We also show that voters care about campaign violations, and certain violations lower voter support similar to other types of political scandal.

scholarly journals MAJOR TRENDS IN EUROPEAN MEDIA COVERAGE OF THE MIGRATION CRISIS 2015-2016

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Albina R. Shakurova ◽  
Rezida V. Dautova
Keyword(s):  
Media Coverage ◽  
London School ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Russian Media ◽  
The Media ◽  
Migration Crisis ◽  
London School Of Economics ◽  
Source Of Information ◽  
Current Stage ◽  
European Migration

This article is devoted to the problem of the migration crisis of 2015-2016. in Europe and the reflection of this problem in media texts. The current stage of development of society is characterized by the increasing influence of journalism on all spheres of life and human activity. The greatest influence in this context is television, which for many Russian citizens is the most accessible source of information. Analyzing the state of the participants of the modern migration crisis according to reports in the Russian media, we came to the conclusion that it is necessary to turn to the works of European researchers who see the situation from the inside. We studied media stereotypes about migrants and refugees, presented in a report by the international group of researchers from the Department of Media and Communications of the London School of Economics and Political Science and published in 2017 the report “The European migration crisis and the media. A cross-European press content analysis”. Migrants and refugees are a vulnerable minority that can easily suffer from the internal problems of the host country

scholarly journals Figure Caption Correction: Characteristics of Articles About Human Papillomavirus Vaccination in Japanese Newspapers: Time-Series Analysis Study (Preprint)

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nao Ueda ◽  
Ryoki Yokouchi ◽  
Taro Onoda ◽  
Atsushi Ogihara
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Time Series ◽  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Time Series Analysis ◽  
Media Coverage ◽  
Cancer Vaccination ◽  
Health Related ◽  
The Media ◽  
Media Reports

UNSTRUCTURED Media coverage and reports have a major influence on individual vaccination and other health-related activities. People use the media to seek information and knowledge on health-related behaviors. They obtain health-related information from media such as television and newspapers, and they trust such information. While several studies have examined the relation between media coverage and individual health, there is a lack of studies that have analyzed media reports of health information. In particular, we have found no analyses related to cervical cancer (human papillomavirus [HPV]) vaccine. This study aimed to identify mentions of cervical cancer vaccine in Japan’s printed news media and to determine their characteristics. We used the archival databases of 2 Japanese newspapers, Yomiuri Shimbun (Yomidasu Rekishikan) and Asahi Shimbun (Kikuzo II Visual), for text mining. First, we created a database by extracting articles published between January 1, 2007, and December 31, 2014, that matched the terms “cervical cancer” AND “vaccination” in a keyword search. Then, we tallied the extracted articles based on the month of publication and number of characters in order to conduct a time-series analysis. We extracted a total of 219 articles. Of these, 154 (70.3%) were positive and 51 (23.3%) were negative toward HPV vaccination. Of the 51 negative articles, 4 (7.8%) were published before June 2013, when routine vaccination was temporarily discontinued due to concerns regarding side effects, and 47 (92.2%) were published since then. The negative reports commonly cited side effects, although prior to June 2013, these issues were hardly mentioned. Although foreign media reports mentioned side effects before routine vaccination was temporarily discontinued, fewer articles mentioned side effects than recommendations for vaccination. Furthermore, on June 13, 2013, the World Health Organization’s advisory body Global Advisory Committee on Vaccine Safety issued a statement regarding the safety of HPV vaccines, but hardly any articles reported this statement. Rather, several articles were published about the side effects after June 2013. Since we consider media coverage to be a factor affecting human health behavior, the media should extensively report on the cost of not receiving cervical cancer vaccination, global trends concerning cervical cancer vaccination, and statements released by various agencies on the subject.

scholarly journals Moral Crumple Zones: Cautionary Tales in Human-Robot Interaction

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madeleine Clare Elish
Keyword(s):  
Media Coverage ◽  
Human Robot Interaction ◽  
Automated System ◽  
Ethical Implications ◽  
High Profile ◽  
Human Driver ◽  
Robot Systems ◽  
The Media ◽  
Cautionary Tales ◽  
And Control

As debates about the policy and ethical implications of AI systems grow, it will be increasingly important to accurately locate who is responsible when agency is distributed in a system and control over an action is mediated through time and space. Analyzing several high-profile accidents involving complex and automated socio-technical systems and the media coverage that surrounded them, I introduce the concept of a moral crumple zone to describe how responsibility for an action may be misattributed to a human actor who had limited control over the behavior of an automated or autonomous system. Just as the crumple zone in a car is designed to absorb the force of impact in a crash, the human in a highly complex and automated system may become simply a component—accidentally or intentionally—that bears the brunt of the moral and legal responsibilities when the overall system malfunctions. While the crumple zone in a car is meant to protect the human driver, the moral crumple zone protects the integrity of the technological system, at the expense of the nearest human operator. The concept is both a challenge to and an opportunity for the design and regulation of human-robot systems. At stake in articulating moral crumple zones is not only the misattribution of responsibility but also the ways in which new forms of consumer and worker harm may develop in new complex, automated, or purported autonomous technologies.

Redressing the Rebel Indian Stereotype: Anthropology and Media Policy

2001 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 39-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Lambertus
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Media Coverage ◽  
News Story ◽  
Policy Recommendations ◽  
Research Project ◽  
The People ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Media ◽  
Source Of Information ◽  
Media Event

I have recently completed a research project that examined the media coverage of the 1995 Gustafsen Lake standoff in British Columbia. This standoff marked the largest Royal Canadain Mounted Police (RCMP) operation in the history of Canada—and the top national news story for nearly a month. The resolution of the conflict did not alter the British Columbia treaty process, or result in changes of ownership of contested land. However, the media coverage was extreme in its misinformation about the conflict and the characterizations of the people involved. In order to make policy recommendations I had to get "insider knowledge" of the media event. I did this by tracing the media processes and their relations with their most important source of information during the event, the RCMP.

The Increase of How Mass Media Coverage Manipulates Our Minds

2021 ◽  
pp. 176-198
Author(s):  
David Brian Ross ◽  
Richard Louis ◽  
Melissa T. Sasso
Keyword(s):  
Social Constructionism ◽  
News Media ◽  
Media Coverage ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
Mass Society ◽  
The Media ◽  
Media Reports ◽  
The Mind

This chapter explores the insight of how the mind is negatively impacted by the news media. The purpose of this chapter is to introduce readers to how the human brain processes good and adverse effects of the news. The chapter begins with the overview that delves into the various aspects such as our brain and how it processes emotions, the theoretical frameworks of mass society, Marxism, functionalism, social constructionism, the historical context of the media in various countries, journalists and pundits, how the media divides communities, and how the media reports world events causing individuals to suffer from adverse psychological effects. This chapter then ends with a conclusion that consists of suggested future research.

Who Gets into the Papers? Party Campaign Messages and the Media

2017 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 281-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas M. Meyer ◽  
Martin Haselmayer ◽  
Markus Wagner
Keyword(s):  
Media Coverage ◽  
Press Releases ◽  
Media Attention ◽  
Party Strategies ◽  
Campaign Messages ◽  
Potential Success ◽  
The Media ◽  
Media Reports ◽  
Party Press ◽  
Shed Light

Parties and politicians want their messages to generate media coverage and thereby reach voters. This article examines how attributes related to content and sender affect whether party messages are likely to get media attention. Based on content analyses of 1,613 party press releases and 6,512 media reports in a parliamentary, multiparty context, we suggest that party messages are more likely to make it into the news if they address concerns that are already important to the media or other parties. Discussing these issues may particularly help opposition parties and lower-profile politicians get media attention. These results confirm the importance of agenda setting and gatekeeping, shed light on the potential success of party strategies, and have implications for political fairness and representation.

scholarly journals Clinical impact of high-profile animal-based research reported in the UK national press

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. e100039
Author(s):  
Jarrod Bailey ◽  
Michael Balls
Keyword(s):  
Animal Research ◽  
Press Releases ◽  
Preclinical Research ◽  
High Profile ◽  
Scientific Papers ◽  
The Media ◽  
Human Use ◽  
Media Reports ◽  
The Uk

ObjectivesWe evaluated animal-based biomedical ‘breakthroughs’ reported in the UK national press in 1995 (25 years prior to the conclusion of this study). Based on evidence of overspeculative reporting of biomedical research in other areas (eg, press releases and scientific papers), we specifically examined animal research in the media, asking, ‘In a given year, what proportion of animal research “breakthroughs”’ published in the UK national press had translated, more than 20 years later, to approved interventions?’MethodsWe searched the Nexis media database (LexisNexis.com) for animal-based biomedical reports in the UK national press. The only restrictions were that the intervention should be specific, such as a named drug, gene, biomedical pathway, to facilitate follow-up, and that there should be claims of some clinical promise.Main outcome measuresWere any interventions approved for human use? If so, when and by which agency? If not, why, and how far did development proceed? Were any other, directly related interventions approved? Did any of the reports overstate human relevance?ResultsOverspeculation and exaggeration of human relevance was evident in all the articles examined. Of 27 unique published ‘breakthroughs’, only one had clearly resulted in human benefit. Twenty were classified as failures, three were inconclusive and three were partially successful.ConclusionsThe results of animal-based preclinical research studies are commonly overstated in media reports, to prematurely imply often-imminent ‘breakthroughs’ relevant to human medicine.

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