scholarly journals AEROBIC AND CARDIAC PERFORMANCE OF ELITE WEIGHT LIFTERS AND SOCCER PLAYERS

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 1811-1815
Author(s):  
Penka Angelova ◽  
Kostadin Kanalev ◽  
Nikolay Boyadjiev
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Cardiac Performance ◽  
The Body ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Aerobic Performance ◽  
Maximal Level ◽  
Oxygen Pulse ◽  
Physical Loading ◽  
Weight Lifters

Endurance training sessions and maximal strength training are different in general. That makes training sessions and aerobic, and pulmonary performance completely different in weight lifters and soccer players. Weight lifting requires maximal power and concentration, while football requires endurance, combinability and speed. Cardiopulmonary exercise testing is a basic method for evaluation of the functions of cardiovascular system in sportsmen, healthy people and in different diseases. Spiroergometry tests give additional information about the adaptation of the body to physical loadings, aerobic performance and oxygen pulse. Oxygen pulse estimates left ventricular stroke volume changes during exercise, and it is the ratio of VO2 extracted per heartbeat.The aim of the study was to investigate aerobic and cardiac performance, and the oxygen pulse of elite weight lifters and soccer players.Two groups of 12 weight lifters and 17 soccer players, men, members of elite sport teams, voluntary underwent spiroergometry test on system AT-104 (Schiller, Switzerland). There was no difference in the age between weight lifters (group WL, n=12, 19.33±1.67 years) and soccer players (group S, n=17, 20.47±1.66 years), (P>0.05). The body mass index of WL (26.4±1.47 kg/m2) and S (24.99±3.58) was also similar (P>0.05).Before the beginning of the tests we have obtained informed consent. The sportsmen denied diseases, usage of drugs and doping. Medical examinations were performed. The day before the test was without heavy physical activity. Veloergometer stepwise incremental protocol was applied.Physical working capacity, represented as peak loading was lower in group WL as compared with group S (120±13.43 vs. 160±14.62 W, P<0.0001). Maximal heart rate was higher in S as compared with WL (172.59±14.51 vs. 137.18±12.8 b.p.m., P<0.0001).Maximal level of the systolic blood pressure was higher in S as compared with WL (179.12±24.70 vs. 137.50±15.88 mmHg, P<0.0001).Maximal level of the diastolic blood pressure was higher in S as compared with WL (93.24±12.37 vs. 79.08±10.10 mmHg, P<0.0001).Not surprising aerobic performance was better in the group of the soccer players. Oxygen pulse at the level of the anaerobic threshold was higher in soccer players’ group as compared with WL (12.07±3.60 vs. 7.95±2.09, ml per beat, P=0.002), but maximal VO2pulse was similar for WL (15.15±5.40, ml per beat) and S (17.29±3.20, ml per beat), (P>0.05). There were no differences between the groups in the values of VO2pulse during the levels of loading from 30 to 120 The heart rate recovery after physical loading was determined in three grade scale (1-poor; 2-normal; 3-good) and there were no significant differences between the groups, WL (2.45±0.52), S (2.38±0.50), (P>0.05).Despite the differences in aerobic and cardiac performance between the weight lifters and soccer players there were no differences in the values of the peak VO2pulse. The values of the VO2pulse during the levels of physical loading from 30 to 120 W was similar in both groups. Further investigations are need to evaluate the importance of VO2pulse values as an index for determining the physical condition in different diseases, healthy people, and sportsmen.

scholarly journals SPIROERGOMETRY TESTS OF PROFESSIONAL SOCCER PLAYERS TERMINATED AT MEDICAL INDICATIONS

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 271-275
Author(s):  
Penka Angelova ◽  
Kostadin Kanalev ◽  
Nikolay Boyadjiev ◽  
Stefan Grancharov
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Functional Tests ◽  
Physical Loading ◽  
Professional Soccer ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Medical Indications ◽  
Functional Indices ◽  
Blood Pressure Reaction

Football is a functional sport requires speed, endurance, combinability and many others specific skills. In order to evaluate physical condition of professional football players different medical, sports and pedagogical, and functional tests are applied. Tests with loading are used for assessment of physical working capacity and the adaptation to physical loading. Spiroergometry tests give additional information about the condition of cardiovascular system and the aerobic capacity of the sportsmen.The aim of the study was to analyze results from spiroergometry tests of professional soccer players in Bulgaria.A group of 26 healthy professional soccer players, age 18-25 years, voluntary underwent spiroergometry test with veloergometer, with stepwise incremental physical loading on system AT-104 (Schiller, Switzerland). During investigation the heat rate (b. p. m.), levels of the systolic and the diastolic arterial blood pressure (mmHg), oxygen consumption (VO2, l/min), the volume of exhaled carbon dioxide (VCO2, l/min), and other functional indices were monitored. After the termination of each test the subject remains on the veloergometer for five minutes with 10% of the peak loading in order to recover the heart rate, levels of the arterial blood pressure, breathing rate etc. The anaerobic threshold (AT, calculated by VE/VCO2 slope method) and the heart rate recovery after physical loading were terminaed using software. The results of the tests were divided in two groups – the test was terminaed at the subject’s request (N, 15 tests), and test terminated at hypertonic blood pressure reaction (HR, 8 tests). Three tests were terminated at other medical indications. Results were presented as X±SD. An independent samples t test was used (SPSS, v. 13).Surprising 42% of the tests in present study were terminated at medical indications. The major reason for medical termination of the test was hypertonic blood pressure reaction - 72%. There were no differences in the body mass index between the groups. The loading at the range of the AT, heart rate at AT and blood pressure at the level of the AT between the groups were without significant differences. The recovery period was normal in both groups. VO2, the heart rate, levels of the systolic and the diastolic blood pressure at the different levels of physical loading were similar in group N and HR. We found out lower age of group N as compared with group HR (20.36±1.63 vs. 22.63±4.37 years, P<0.05), and higher maximal levels of the systolic and the diastolic blood pressure in HR (P<0.05).Regardless of the good physical condition of the professional soccer players 42% of the tests in the study were terminated at medical indications. Despite the little difference in the age between the groups it was significant. The basic functional indices were similar in each step of physical loading. Diseases were not found in the participants. Results of our study confirm necessary of applying functional tests. The data pay attention at the influence of the age and quality medical care in professional sport.

scholarly journals Cardiovascular health indicators in soccer exercise during adolescence: systematic review

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Heloyse Elaine Gimenes Nunes ◽  
Evelinn Amarilha Faria ◽  
Paula Felippe Martinez ◽  
Silvio Assis de Oliveira-Júnior
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Methodological Quality ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Longitudinal Design ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Blood Institute

Abstract This review analyzed the studies that evaluated cardiovascular health indicators (blood pressure, waist circumference, heart rate, glucose index and lipid blood) in recreational soccer players during adolescence, and identify possible associated factors. The search was performed in the electronic databases (PubMED, SciELO, LILACS, Scopus, SPORTDiscus and Web of Science). Inclusion criteria were: population composed of children and/or adolescents (10–19 years or average age up to 19 years); studies adolescents engaged in recreational soccer regularly and observational studies with cross-sectional or longitudinal design. The process of analysis of studies involved reading titles, abstracts and full texts. After these phases, seven articles were eligible. Regarding the design, all studies were cross-sectional. Of the total studies included, five presented moderate methodological quality values and two presented low methodological quality values, according to National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute instrument. The most cardiovascular health indicators used in recreational soccer players during adolescence was waist circumference; three studies analyzed heart rate, two evaluated blood pressure, one analyzed insulin resistance and none of the included studies analyzed lipid profile. Factors associated were analyzed in four studies, being that sedentary time and body mass index (BMI) present association with at least one indicator of cardiovascular health.

Changes in Blood Pressure, Heart Rate and Breathing Rate During Moderate Swimming Activity in Rainbow Trout

1967 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 307-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. DON STEVENS ◽  
D. J. RANDALL
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
The Body ◽  
Swimming Activity ◽  
Breathing Rate ◽  
Blood Pressures ◽  
Ventral Aorta ◽  
Pressure Changes

1. Changes in blood pressure in the dorsal aorta, ventral aorta and subintestinal vein, as well as changes in heart rate and breathing rate during moderate swimming activity in the rainbow trout are reported. 2. Blood pressures both afferent and efferent to the gills increased during swimming and then returned to normal levels within 30 min. after exercise. 3. Venous blood pressure was characterized by periodic increases during swimming. The pressure changes were not in phase with the body movements. 4. Although total venous return to the heart increased during swimming, a decreased blood flow was recorded in the subintestinal vein. 5. Heart rate and breathing rate increased during swimming and then decreased when swimming ceased. 6. Some possible mechanisms regulating heart and breathing rates are discussed.

Fysiologische stressmetingen in de werksituatie: nut, beperkingen en bevindingen

2009 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorenz van Doornen ◽  
Jan Houtveen
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Work Stress ◽  
Physiological Stress ◽  
Measurement Techniques ◽  
Stress Sensitivity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Limited Extent ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Workplace Interventions

Physiological stress measures at work: relevance, limitations, and findings Physiological stress measures at work: relevance, limitations, and findings L. van Doornen & J. Houtveen, Gedrag & Organisatie, volume 22, September 2009, nr. 3, pp. 275-293 Physiological stress measures should only to a limited extent be considered as 'objective' indices of subjectively experienced work stress. Their contribution should mainly be sought in the quantification of the load on the body exerted by stress, the latter being the mediator of the health effects of work stress. For the most widely used physiological parameters in the field of work stress – blood pressure, heart rate, cardiac autonomic indices, adrenalin and cortisol – their physiology is described, their measurement techniques outlined, and an overall picture furnished with respect to differences observed between high- and low-work stress populations. Finally some suggestions are given with respect to future directions this field may take: focus on individual differences in physiological stress-sensitivity; quantification of recovery, and quantification of the effects of individual or workplace interventions.

Man, Machine, and Homeostasis

2011 ◽  
pp. 141-148
Author(s):  
James R. Munis
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Fundamental Principle ◽  
The Body ◽  
Set Point ◽  
Autonomic Nervous ◽  
Claude Bernard ◽  
Shed Light

Physiologist Claude Bernard lived in a time when very little was known about the mechanisms underlying physiologic findings, and he had ample access to clues garnered from observing machines. Let's consider homeostasis (a concept championed by Bernard), an example for which an engineered machine shed light on a fundamental principle of physiology. Homeostasis is simply the tendency of the body to maintain important physiologic variables (eg, heart rate, blood pressure, PACO2) at constant, preset values. An example is a simplified mechanical governor that could be used to regulate the rotational speed of a steam engine shaft. ‘Autoregulate’ might be a more apt word because the governor performs without external help or guidance, provided it is designed and built properly. It doesn't take much imagination to see an analogy between the mechanical governor and the autonomic nervous system. Both maintain specific variables at a constant set point through a process of feedback loops.

scholarly journals Bayesian Estimation of Correlation between Measures of Blood Pressure Indices, Aerobic Capacity and Resting Heart Rate Variability Using Markov Chain Monte Carlo Simulation and 95% High Density Interval in Female School Teachers

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (18) ◽  
pp. 6750
Author(s):  
Shaher A. I. Shalfawi
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Bayesian Estimation ◽  
Simulated Data ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Aerobic Performance ◽  
Performance Parameters ◽  
Mcmc Simulation

Background: Several explanations regarding the disparity observed in the literature with regard to heart rate variability (HRV) and its association with performance parameters have been proposed: the time of day when the recording was conducted, the condition (i.e., rest, active, post activity) and the mathematical and physiological relationships that could have influenced the results. A notable observation about early studies is that they all followed the frequentist approach to data analyses. Therefore, in an attempt to explain the disparity observed in the literature, the primary purpose of this study was to estimate the association between measures of HRV indices, aerobic performance parameters and blood pressure indices using the Bayesian estimation of correlation on simulated data using Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) and the equal probability of the 95% high density interval (95% HDI). Methods: The within-subjects with a one-group pretest experimental design was chosen to investigate the relationship between baseline measures of HRV (rest; independent variable), myocardial work (rate–pressure product (RPP)), mean arterial pressure (MAP) and aerobic performance parameters. The study participants were eight local female schoolteachers aged 54.1 ± 6.5 years (mean ± SD), with a body mass of 70.6 ± 11.5 kg and a height of 164.5 ± 6.5 cm. Their HRV data were analyzed in R package, and the Bayesian estimation of correlation was calculated employing the Bayesian hierarchical model that uses MCMC simulation integrated in the JAGS package. Results: The Bayesian estimation of correlation using MCMC simulation reproduced and supported the findings reported regarding norms and the within-HRV-indices associations. The results of the Bayesian estimation showed a possible association (regardless of the strength) between pNN50% and MAP (rho = 0.671; 95% HDI = 0.928–0.004), MeanRR (ms) and RPP (rho = −0.68; 95% HDI = −0.064–−0.935), SDNN (ms) and RPP (rho = 0.672; 95% HDI = 0.918–0.001), LF (ms2) and RPP (rho = 0.733; 95% HDI = 0.935–0.118) and SD2 and RPP (rho = 0.692; 95% HDI = 0.939–0.055). Conclusions: The Bayesian estimation of correlation with 95% HDI on MCMC simulated data is a new technique for data analysis in sport science and seems to provide a more robust approach to allocating credibility through a meaningful mathematical model. However, the 95% HDI found in this study, accompanied by the theoretical explanations regarding the dynamics between the parasympathetic nervous system and the sympathetic nervous system in relation to different recording conditions (supine, reactivation, rest), recording systems, time of day (morning, evening, sleep etc.) and age of participants, suggests that the association between measures of HRV indices and aerobic performance parameters has yet to be explicated.

scholarly journals The slope of the oxygen pulse curve does not depend on the maximal heart rate in elite soccer players

Clinics ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 66 (5) ◽  
pp. 829-835 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raphael Rodrigues Perim ◽  
Gabriel Ruiz Signorelli ◽  
Jonathan Myers ◽  
Ross Arena ◽  
Claudio Gil Soares de Araújo
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Maximal Heart Rate ◽  
Oxygen Pulse

Effects of Prizidilol (SKF 92657) on Blood Pressure, Haemodynamics, Sympathetic Nervous System Activity and Plasma Volume in Essential Hypertension

1981 ◽  
Vol 61 (s7) ◽  
pp. 465s-468s ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Fariello ◽  
C. L. Alicandri ◽  
E. Agabiti-Rosei ◽  
G. Romanelli ◽  
M. Castellano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Plasma Volume ◽  
Antihypertensive Effect ◽  
Blood Pressure Reduction ◽  
Cardiac Performance ◽  
Plasma Aldosterone ◽  
Nervous System Activity ◽  
Peripheral Vasodilatation ◽  
Noradrenaline And Adrenaline

1. The antihypertensive effect of 4 weeks' treatment with prizidilol (SKF 92657) (mean dosage 520 mg once or twice daily) was studied in ten essential hypertensive patients. 2. Both systolic and diastolic blood pressure were significantly reduced in all cases. Supine heart rate did not change, and in the erect position heart rate was significantly lowered. 3. Blood pressure reduction was due to peripheral vasodilatation, as the cardiac index increased after 4 weeks of prizidilol treatment. 4. After prizidilol plasma noradrenaline and adrenaline increased significantly, and PRA and plasma aldosterone were reduced. Although plasma volume increased, body weight did not change. 5. Cardiac performance, as evaluated by the PEP/LVET ratio, improved after treatment with prizidilol.

scholarly journals Vascular Response to Graded Angiotensin II Infusion in Offspring Subjected to High-Salt Drinking Water during Pregnancy: The Effect of Blood Pressure, Heart Rate, Urine Output, Endothelial Permeability, and Gender

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Zahra Pezeshki ◽  
Fatemeh Eshraghi-Jazi ◽  
Mehdi Nematbakhsh
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Angiotensin Ii ◽  
Urine Output ◽  
The Body ◽  
High Salt ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Kidney Weight ◽  
Group 3

Introduction.Rennin-angiotensin system and salt diet play important roles in blood pressure control. We hypothesized that the high-salt intake during pregnancy influences the degree of angiotensin-dependent control of the blood pressure in adult offspring.Methods.Female Wistar rats in two groups (A and B) were subjected to drink tap and salt water, respectively, during pregnancy. The offspring were divided into four groups as male and female offspring from group A (groups 1 and 2) and from group B (groups 3 and 4). In anesthetized matured offspring mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate and urine output were measured in response to angiotensin II (AngII) (0-1000 ng/kg/min, iv) infusion.Results.An increase in MAP was detected in mothers with salt drinking water (P<0.05). The body weight increased and kidney weight decreased significantly in male offspring from group 3 in comparison to group 1 (P<0.05). MAP and urine volume in response to AngII infusion increased in group 3 (P<0.05). These findings were not observed in female rats.Conclusion.Salt overloading during pregnancy had long-term effects on kidney weight and increased sex-dependent response to AngII infusion in offspring (adult) that may reveal the important role of diet during pregnancy in AngII receptors.

scholarly journals Effects of Ramadan Fasting on Body Composition, Aerobic Performance and Lactate, Heart Rate and Perceptual Responses in Young Soccer Players

2011 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alpay Güvenç
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Blood Lactate ◽  
Exercise Performance ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Aerobic Performance ◽  
Hydration Status ◽  
Ramadan Fasting

Effects of Ramadan Fasting on Body Composition, Aerobic Performance and Lactate, Heart Rate and Perceptual Responses in Young Soccer PlayersThe purpose of this study was to examine the effects of Ramadan fasting on body composition, aerobic exercise performance and blood lactate, heart rate and perceived exertion in regularly trained young soccer players. Sixteen male soccer players participated in this study. Mean age, stature, body mass and training age of the players were 17.4±1.2 years, 175.4±3.6 cm, 69.6±4.3 kg and 5.1±1.3 years, respectively. During the Ramadan period, all subjects voluntarily chose to follow the fasting guidelines and abstained from eating and drinking from sunrise to sunset. Body composition, hydration status, dietary intake and sleep duration were assessed on four occasions: before Ramadan, at the beginning of Ramadan, at the end of Ramadan and 2 weeks after the end of Ramadan. On each occasion, aerobic exercise performance and blood lactate, heart rate and rating of perceived exertion responses of players were also determined during an incremental running test. Repeated measures of ANOVA revealed that body mass, percentage of body fat, fat-free mass, hydration status, daily sleeping time and daily energy and macronutrient intake of players did not vary significantly throughout the study period (p>0.05). However, players experienced a small but significant decrease in skinfold thicknesses over the course of the study (p<0.05). Although ratings of perceived exertion at submaximal workloads increased during Ramadan (p<0.05), blood lactate and heart rate responses had decreased by the end of Ramadan (p<0.05). In line with these changes, peak running performance and running velocity at anaerobic threshold also improved by the end of Ramadan (p<0.05). Improvements in aerobic exercise performance with time were probably due to the effects of pre-season training program that was performed after the break of the fast (Iftar) during the month of Ramadan. The results of the present study suggest that if regular training regimen, body fluid balance, daily energy intake and sleep duration are maintained as before Ramadan, Ramadan fasting does not have detrimental effects on aerobic exercise performance or body composition in young soccer players.

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