scholarly journals Labour turnover and workers' well-being in the Ethiopian manufacturing industry

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Kristine Halvorsen
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Turnover Rates ◽  
High Turnover ◽  
Ethiopian Government ◽  
Labour Turnover

Manufacturing industry expansion is a central part of Ethiopia’s growth and transformation agenda due to its potential for accelerated economic development and large-scale job creation, in particular for women. However, the industry is experiencing extremely high labour turnover rates, which is hampering the prospects of a successful industrialization of the country. Understanding the reasons for the high turnover may give important insights into the industry workings and how factory employment affects women's economic empowerment and well-being. Using a combination of survey data and qualitative interviews, the study highlights three main reasons for the high turnover: unrealistic expectations about wages and work efforts, poor working conditions, and difficulties combining domestic responsibilities with factory employment. In order to achieve social and economic development through industrial development, the Ethiopian government and firm managers need to take action to handle the turnover problem, making factory jobs safe, profitable, and a place for competence development.

Informing compensatory habitat creation with experimental trials: a 3-year study of a threatened amphibian

Oryx ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 310-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose W. Valdez ◽  
Kaya Klop-Toker ◽  
Michelle P. Stockwell ◽  
Loren Fardell ◽  
Simon Clulow ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Management ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Conservation Strategy ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Turnover Rates ◽  
High Turnover ◽  
Habitat Creation ◽  
Experimental Trials ◽  
Compensatory Habitat

AbstractThe creation or restoration of habitat to mitigate biodiversity loss is a common conservation strategy. Evidence-based research via an extensively monitored trial study should be undertaken prior to large-scale implementation to predict success and identify potential limiting factors. We constructed an experimental trial habitat for the threatened green and golden bell frog Litoria aurea, in Australia, to inform a broader programme of compensatory habitat creation. Individuals were released into the trial plot and a nearby natural wetland for comparison to determine if the created habitat would support their growth, survival and persistence. Half of the trial waterbodies were enclosed within an exclusion fence to separate the effects of habitat suitability from ecological processes. We found the habitat provided L. aurea with sufficient resources to grow, survive and persist for 3 years. However, no breeding occurred, and further investigations need to focus on understanding the drivers of reproduction. Although a disease outbreak occurred during the study, persistence continued for the next 2 years. This was attributed to the large number of individuals released, a strategy we recommend for future mitigation strategies to account for low survival and high turnover rates. Dispersal probably affected abundance in the unfenced areas, and landscape-level initiatives are suggested for this species. This study demonstrates that experimental trials are valuable, as they can inform future habitat management by identifying limitations that could hinder success prior to the implementation of large-scale initiatives.

The Child Welfare Choice: An Analysis of Social Work Students' Career Plans

1997 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunny Harris Rome
Keyword(s):  
Social Work ◽  
Child Welfare ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Turnover Rates ◽  
High Turnover ◽  
Child Welfare Agencies ◽  
Social Work Programs ◽  
State And Local ◽  
Welfare Agencies

Child welfare is a field of practice replete with opportunities that are well-suited to entry-level social workers, yet many child welfare agencies remain hampered by staff shortages and high turnover rates. As recently enacted welfare restrictions are implemented, child welfare agencies can expect to face even greater challenges —ones that make the recruitment and hiring of qualified staff an even more urgent priority. This article presents the results of a large-scale, empirical study designed to identify what makes BSW and MSW students interested, or disinterested, in pursuing employment in child welfare agencies, and what kinds of incentives they believe might motivate them to seek child welfare work. Recommendations are offered for social work programs, child welfare agencies, state and local governments, Congress and the Administration, and advocates for children.

scholarly journals Retaining professional nurses in South Africa: Nurse managers’ perspectives

2010 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Mokoka ◽  
Martha J. Oosthuizen ◽  
Valerie J. Ehlers
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Nurse Managers ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Nurse Retention ◽  
Field Analysis ◽  
Turnover Rates ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
High Turnover ◽  
Professional Nurse ◽  
Professional Nurses

South Africa is experiencing a serious shortage of nurses, which has to be addressed to prevent crises in health care services. Previous studies (Fletcher 2001:324; Oosthuizen 2005:117) found that nurses change their work environment due to dissatisfaction with their job situations. This implies that creating a favourable environment in the workplace situation could help retain professional nurses in their posts, implying that retention strategies should be effective.An exploratory, descriptive, contextual and qualitative design was used to describe nurse managers’views on factors which could influence professional nurse retention, as well as their views regarding attributes that were required to enable them to contribute towards enhancing professional nurse retention. A purposive sample of nurse managers employed in public and private hospitals in the Gauteng province was selected. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 21 nurse managers.The results were analysed qualitatively and contextualised within Vogt, Cox, Velthouse and Thames’s Cork-Top (Bottleneck) Theory of Nurse Retention (1983) and Lewin’s Force-Field Analysis Theory (1952).Factors pertaining to individual nurses, the organisation and nurse managers could influence the retention of professional nurses. Poor working conditions, long and inconvenient working hours,uncompetitive salaries and professional development of nurses have to be addressed to enhance professional nurses’ retention. Unsafe working environments and a lack of resources threaten the safety and well-being of nurses and patients and contribute to high turnover rates. Nurse managers have to address shortcomings in their managerial and leadership skills and implement changes within a multigenerational nursing workforce and challenging working environments.OpsommingSuid-Afrika ervaar ’n ernstige tekort aan verpleegkundiges wat aangespreek moet word ten einde krisisse in gesondheidsorgdienste te voorkom. Vorige studies (Fletcher 2001:324; Oosthuizen 2005:117) het bevind dat verpleegkundiges hulle werksomgewing verander as gevolg van ontevredenheid met hulle werksituasies. Dit impliseer dat die daarstelling van ’n gunstige omgewing in die werkpleksituasie, kan help om professionele verpleegkundiges in hulle poste te behou, wat beteken dat retensiestrategieë doeltreffend moet wees.’n Verkennende, beskrywende, kontekstuele, kwalitatiewe ontwerp was gebruik om verpleegbestuurders se sienings te bekom, oor faktore wat professionele verpleegkundiges se retensie kan beïnvloed, asook hulle sienings omtrent vereiste hoedanighede wat hulle in staat sou stel om professionele verpleegkundiges se retensie te bevorder. ’n Doelgerigte steekproef van verpleegbestuurders in openbare en private hospitale in die Gauteng provinsie is gekies. Semigestruktureerde onderhoude is met 21 verpleegbestuurders gevoer. Die resultate is kwalitatief ontleed en gekontekstualiseer volgens Vogt, Cox, Velthouse en Thames se Kurkprop Bottelnek(Cork-Top Bottleneck) Teorie van Verpleegretensie (1983) en Lewin se Kragveld Analise Teorie(1952).Faktore met betrekking tot individuele verpleegkundiges, die organisasie en verpleegbestuurders kan die retensie van professionele verpleegkundiges beïnvloed. Swak werksomstandighede,lang en ongerieflike werksure, nie-mededingende salarisse en professionele ontwikkeling van verpleegkundiges moet aangespreek word om professionele verpleegkundiges se retensie te bevorder. Onveilige werksomgewings en ’n gebrek aan hulpbronne bedreig die veiligheid en die welsyn van verpleegkundiges en pasiënte en dra by tot hoë omsetsyfers. Verpleegbestuurders moet die tekortkominge in hulle bestuurs- en leierskapsvaardighede aanspreek en veranderinge implementeer binne ’n multigenerasie verpleegwerkkrag en uitdagende werksomgewings.

scholarly journals Novel Ergonomic Triad Model to Calculate a Sustainable Work Index for the Manufacturing Industry

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (20) ◽  
pp. 8316
Author(s):  
Mildrend Montoya-Reyes ◽  
Margarita Gil-Samaniego-Ramos ◽  
Alvaro González-Angeles ◽  
Ismael Mendoza-Muñoz ◽  
Carlos Raul Navarro-González
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
System Performance ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Human Factor ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Sustainability Performance ◽  
Work Index ◽  
Workstation Design ◽  
Productive Time

The human factor is becoming increasingly relevant for its role in industrial development; therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the machine–man–environment system in an integrated and not isolated way, as is commonly done, for evaluating the sustainability performance of manufacturing practices. For this reason, in this paper, an ergonomic triad model is proposed for calculating a novel Sustainable Work Index, (SWI), made up of the factors: human work, workstation design, organizational environment and sustainable environmental conditions. The methodology consists of defining the productive time, interviewing the workers, taking anthropometric measurements, assessing the environmental conditions, obtaining the indicators for each factor, calculating the index and interpreting the results to define improvement actions. The model was applied to a manufacturing industry obtaining a regular status with an index of 63.6%. Improvement actions were implemented, and it was possible to increase the index to 73.9%, which represents a good commitment of the company towards occupational health. The development of the new triad model to calculate the SWI will allow industries to visualize indicators of the interaction of the ergonomic triad, identify its current condition and propose actions to physically, organizationally and environmentally improve human well-being and system performance.

Ethnic-sectoral cleavages and economic development: reflections on the second Kenya debate

2003 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 437-455 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Vandenberg
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Manufacturing Firms ◽  
Business Community ◽  
Ethnic Business ◽  
Rural Business ◽  
Narrow Focus

The second Kenya debate has prompted a close examination of the role of an ethnic business community – Indians/Asians – in the country's industrial development. While this community does own up to three-quarters of the country's medium and large-scale manufacturing firms, a narrow focus on manufacturing understates the contribution which Africans have made to the economy. A progressive rural business class is more likely to re-invest in profitable farming activities and to branch out into agro-processing, transport and trading than to undertake risky investments in urban manufacturing. As a result, historical ethnic-sectoral cleavages will tend to be reinforced. The article provides new calculations on the extent of African involvement in manufacturing, and reviews an ancillary literature which uses institutional and socio-economic analysis to understand differences in Kenya's business communities.

scholarly journals A Strategy of Economic and Industrial Development of Russia in the Worldwide Instability Environment

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-85
Author(s):  
I. S. Tsypin ◽  
S. I. Tsypina
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Development Strategy ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
International Investment ◽  
The State ◽  
Economic Strategy ◽  
Balanced Development ◽  
The Government

The subject of the researchis the development of the Russian economy through enhancing its management efficiency.The relevanceof the problem is caused by the need to overcome the slow economic development before 2024–2030 as well as by fundamental changes in the global economy associated with the collapse of the globalization policy and the transition to the state protectionism, which requires changing the approach to the domestic economy management. Other important factors are a variety of economic development strategies available and the need to choose and justify an optimum strategy for the development of Russia.The purpose of the researchwas the development of a sound economic strategy and guidelines for its implementation with account for aggregate influencing factors. A comprehensive strategy for the development of the national economy is proposed based on the optimal combination of defense-industrial, resource, stabilization and innovation strategies while taking into account the specifics of Russia. To evaluate the condition and prospects of the Russian economic development, two groups of factors have been identified: external economic and internal economic. With account for their impact, the guidelines for the integrated economic strategy implementation are proposed. As a result of the research findings,it is concludedthat to achieve the goals set it is reasonable to ensure the balanced development of foreign economic relations based on joint large-scale international investment projects; increase the manufacturing and exports of hightech and deep processing products; ensure intensive growth of labor productivity and product quality based on industry modernization. The research was based on studying and analyzing information from domestic and foreign sources, Presidential decrees, resolutions and decisions of the State Duma and the Government, materials of the Russian Statistical Service (Rosstat) and relevant periodicals. In the course of the research, methods of analysis and synthesis, selection of the main link and classification were used. The results of the research can be helpful in the implementation of the economic development strategy and for management of structural transformations.

Promotion of millennial employees' well-being in China based on organizational career management

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (9) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Yiwen Xu ◽  
Zhichao Cheng ◽  
Yixin Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Turnover Rate ◽  
Career Planning ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Career Management ◽  
High Turnover ◽  
Self Identity ◽  
Organizational Career Management

Youth are future company leaders, without whom the economic development of a country cannot continue, yet the well-being of millennial employees in China is low, and this group has a high turnover rate. We used an inductive route model to understand how millennial employees' well-being can be facilitated in China. We conducted a survey with 268 millennial employees and used structural equation modeling to test our model. The results show that organizational career management and self-identity contributed to promoting participants' well-being. Our findings show that a pathway should be established to boost millennial employees' well-being and enable them to accomplish their career planning.

Locke’s Property Problem

2020 ◽  
pp. 16-66
Author(s):  
Daniel Layman
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Natural World ◽  
The Other ◽  
The World ◽  
Good For ◽  
The One ◽  
Private Right

According to Locke, all people are free and equal. Consequently, the natural world belongs to all people in common. But each person, along with his labor, belongs only to himself. Thus, although all people share a common right to use the world, each person acquires a private right to resources he “mixes” with his labor. Before large-scale economic development, there was no problem with each person appropriating as much as he could use, because this left “enough, and as good” for others. But once money spurred development, people could efficiently use far more. Under these new conditions, there was no longer enough and as good lying in common. Consequently, although everyone got richer through economic development, the world divided into resource owners and employees working on others’ resources. All of this posed a dilemma for Locke. On the one hand, people could be required to leave the world lying in common, preserving equal standing but sacrificing well-being for all. On the other, people could be permitted to develop the world into a network of private plots, greatly increasing well-being for all but sacrificing equal standing. Locke notices the tension, but he lacks an adequate solution. He implausibly appeals to our purported consent to money and its consequences before ending the chapter, thus leaving his property problem for others to solve.

scholarly journals Research on the Application of Machine Learning Algorithms in Credit Risk Assessment of Minor Enterprises

CONVERTER ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 696-706
Author(s):  
Huichao Mi
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Credit Risk ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Learning Algorithms ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Scale Data

Under the influence of COVID-19, minor enterprises, especially the manufacturing industry, are facing greater financial pressure and the possibility of non-performing loans is increasing. It is very important for financial institutions to reduce financial risks while providing financial support for minor enterprises to promote industrial development and economic recovery. In order to understand the function of machine learning algorithms in predicting enterprise credit risk, the research designs five models, including Logistic Regression, Decision Tree, Naïve Bayesian, Support Vector Machine and Deep Neural Network, and adopts SMOTE and Undersampling to process imbalanced data. Experiments show that machine learning algorithms have high accuracy for both large-scale data and small-scale data.

Environment, Damages, and Compensation

1979 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 347-448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Werner Pfennigstorf
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Development ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The United States ◽  
Research Journal ◽  
State Statutes ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Nuisance Law ◽  
Physical Comfort

This article, the first part of a larger study devoted to the compensation of damages caused by pollution, reviews the existing sources of compensation in the United States: the common law of torts, federal and state statutes, and various forms of commercial insurance coverages. It shows how the rules of nuisance law have remained flexible in response to changing customs and public policies, how for a long time prevailing attitudes favored industrial development and economic growth over physical comfort, and how increasing concerns about the long-term health effects of environmental pollution have created a trend in the opposite direction. The author also points out that the existing system of liability and compensation, which relies on individual actions and case-by-case adjudication, is not ideally suited for dealing with the effects of large-scale pollution or for the —primarily political—task of evaluating and balancing all of the interests and values, present and future, economic and noneconomic, that need to be considered before decisions can be made that are bound to affect the health and economic well-being of a large part of the population beyond the immediate parties to a lawsuit. This indicates a need for a comprehensive approach that would not only coordinate the rules concerning liability and those concerning insurance and other sources of compensation but would also make the compensation of pollution damages an integral part of a thoroughly rational and consistent environmental policy. The various possibilities of constructing such a comprehensive compensation system will be discussed in the second part of the study, to be published in a forthcoming issue of the American Bar Foundation Research Journal.

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