scholarly journals AM-FFF of Objects Using Commercial PLA Based Shape Memory Polymer Printed by an Open-Source 3D Printer

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 30-34
Author(s):  
N. Dresler ◽  
A. Ulanov ◽  
M. Aviv ◽  
D. Ashkenazi ◽  
A. Stern
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Shape Memory ◽  
Open Source ◽  
Shape Memory Polymer ◽  
Manufacturing Processes ◽  
3D Printer ◽  
4D Printing ◽  
Fused Filament Fabrication ◽  
Memory Cycle

The 4D additive manufacturing processes are considered today as the "next big thing" in R&D. The aim of this research is to provide two examples of commercial PLA based shape memory polymer (SMP) objects printed on an open-source 3D printer in order to proof the feasibility of such novel 4D printing process. To that purpose, a PLA based filament of eSUN (4D filament e4D-1white, SMP) was chosen, and two applications, a spring and a vase, were designed by 3D-printing with additive manufacturing (AM) fused filament fabrication (FFF) technique. The 4D-printed objects were successfully produced, the shape memory effect and their functionality were demonstrated by achieving the shape-memory cycle of programming, storage and recovery.

scholarly journals Fused Filament Fabrication-4D-Printed Shape Memory Polymers: A Review

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 701
Author(s):  
Sara Valvez ◽  
Paulo N. B. Reis ◽  
Luca Susmel ◽  
Filippo Berto
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Shape Memory ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Shape Memory Polymer ◽  
Shape Memory Polymers ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
4D Printing ◽  
Fused Filament Fabrication ◽  
External Stimuli

Additive manufacturing (AM) is the process through which components/structures are produced layer-by-layer. In this context, 4D printing combines 3D printing with time so that this combination results in additively manufactured components that respond to external stimuli and, consequently, change their shape/volume or modify their mechanical properties. Therefore, 4D printing uses shape-memory materials that react to external stimuli such as pH, humidity, and temperature. Among the possible materials with shape memory effect (SME), the most suitable for additive manufacturing are shape memory polymers (SMPs). However, due to their weaknesses, shape memory polymer compounds (SMPCs) prove to be an effective alternative. On the other hand, out of all the additive manufacturing techniques, the most widely used is fused filament fabrication (FFF). In this context, the present paper aims to critically review all studies related to the mechanical properties of 4D-FFF materials. The paper provides an update state of the art showing the potential of 4D-FFF printing for different engineering applications, maintaining the focus on the structural integrity of the final structure/component.

scholarly journals Design of Shape Memory Thermoplastic Material Systems for FDM-Type Additive Manufacturing

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (15) ◽  
pp. 4254
Author(s):  
Paulina A. Quiñonez ◽  
Leticia Ugarte-Sanchez ◽  
Diego Bermudez ◽  
Paulina Chinolla ◽  
Rhyan Dueck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Shape Memory ◽  
Thermomechanical Processing ◽  
Material Selection ◽  
Shape Memory Polymer ◽  
Fused Filament Fabrication ◽  
Materials Development ◽  
Thermoplastic Material ◽  
Polymer Systems ◽  
Injection Molded

The work presented here describes a paradigm for the design of materials for additive manufacturing platforms based on taking advantage of unique physical properties imparted upon the material by the fabrication process. We sought to further investigate past work with binary shape memory polymer blends, which indicated that phase texturization caused by the fused filament fabrication (FFF) process enhanced shape memory properties. In this work, two multi-constituent shape memory polymer systems were developed where the miscibility parameter was the guide in material selection. A comparison with injection molded specimens was also carried out to further investigate the ability of the FFF process to enable enhanced shape memory characteristics as compared to other manufacturing methods. It was found that blend combinations with more closely matching miscibility parameters were more apt at yielding reliable shape memory polymer systems. However, when miscibility parameters differed, a pathway towards the creation of shape memory polymer systems capable of maintaining more than one temporary shape at a time was potentially realized. Additional aspects related to impact modifying of rigid thermoplastics as well as thermomechanical processing on induced crystallinity are also explored. Overall, this work serves as another example in the advancement of additive manufacturing via materials development.

4D printing reconfigurable, deployable and mechanically tunable metamaterials

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 1244-1250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chen Yang ◽  
Manish Boorugu ◽  
Andrew Dopp ◽  
Jie Ren ◽  
Raymond Martin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Shape Memory ◽  
Shape Memory Polymer ◽  
4D Printing ◽  
Mechanical Metamaterials

Digital 3D printing with a shape memory polymer is utilized to create mechanical metamaterials exhibiting dramatic and reversible changes in stiffness, geometry, and functions.

scholarly journals 4D printing of shape memory polymer via liquid crystal display (LCD) stereolithographic 3D printing

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 105305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wubin Shan ◽  
Yifan Chen ◽  
Mo Hu ◽  
Shigang Qin ◽  
Peng Liu
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Crystal ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Shape Memory ◽  
Liquid Crystal Display ◽  
Shape Memory Polymer ◽  
4D Printing

4D Printed Shape Memory Polymer Composite Structures for Deployable Small Spacecrafts

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madhubhashitha Herath ◽  
Mainul Islam ◽  
Jayantha Epaarachchi ◽  
Fenghua Zhang ◽  
Jinsong Leng
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Shape Memory ◽  
Composite Structures ◽  
Shape Recovery ◽  
Light Stimulus ◽  
Shape Memory Polymer ◽  
Photothermal Effect ◽  
4D Printing ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Stimulus Shape

Abstract Four dimensional (4D) printing is the convergence of three dimensional (3D) printing, which is an emerging additive manufacturing technology for smart materials. 4D printing is referred to the capability of changing the shape, property, or functionality of a 3D printed structure under a particular external stimulus. This paper presents the structural performance, shape memory behavior and photothermal effect of 4D printed pristine shape memory polymer (SMP) and it’s composite (SMPC) with multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). Both materials have demonstrated the ability to retain a temporary shape and then recover their original. It is revealed that the incorporation of MWCNTs into the SMP matrix has enhanced the light stimulus shape recovery capabilities. Light stimulus shape transformation of 4D printed SMPC is advantageous for space engineering applications as light can be focused onto a particular area at a long distance. Subsequently, a model 4D printed deployable boom, which is applicable for small spacecrafts is presented. The shape fixity and recovery behaviors of the proposed boom have been investigated. Notably, the model boom structure has demonstrated ∼86 % shape recovery ratio. The proposed innovative approach of additive manufacturing based deployable composite structures will shape up the future space technologies.

Towards a Design Framework for Multifunctional Shape Memory Polymer Based Product in the Era of 4D Printing

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bingcong Jian ◽  
Fédéric Demoly ◽  
Yicha Zhang ◽  
Samuel Gomes
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Shape Memory ◽  
Smart Materials ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Shape Memory Polymer ◽  
Functional Materials ◽  
Product Development Process ◽  
Stimuli Responsive ◽  
4D Printing ◽  
Complex Stimuli

Shape-memory polymers (SMPs) as stimuli-responsive shape-changing materials gained significant interest in recent years. Their developments have challenged the conventional understanding of the polymer effect and have further enhanced and broadened the applications of the smart materials. Nowadays, 4D printing is seen as an emerging technology that combines smart materials and additive manufacturing, which can be used to design active mechanical structures. It provides tremendous potential for engineering applications which is capable of producing complex, stimuli-responsive 3D structures. While many “ad hoc” designs of 4D printed solutions have been progressively developed for a specific process, the general approach of additive manufacturing that integrates smart materials in real time across an entire product development process is not pervasive in the industry. To solve this issue, the authors propose a general 4D printing oriented framework for the design of multi-functional SMPs architectures. This framework is not intended to be an exhaustive and specific instruction but is instead a means to motivate these designers to seek the process of applying these unique functional materials to their own designs and applications. It will be useful and give more insight into the design process of the SMP device.

scholarly journals Efficient 3D printing via photooxidation of ketocoumarin based photopolymerization

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoyu Zhao ◽  
Ye Zhao ◽  
Ming-De Li ◽  
Zhong’an Li ◽  
Haiyan Peng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Visible Light ◽  
Light Exposure ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
3D Printer ◽  
Light Penetration ◽  
Viable Solution

AbstractPhotopolymerization-based three-dimensional (3D) printing can enable customized manufacturing that is difficult to achieve through other traditional means. Nevertheless, it remains challenging to achieve efficient 3D printing due to the compromise between print speed and resolution. Herein, we report an efficient 3D printing approach based on the photooxidation of ketocoumarin that functions as the photosensitizer during photopolymerization, which can simultaneously deliver high print speed (5.1 cm h−1) and high print resolution (23 μm) on a common 3D printer. Mechanistically, the initiating radical and deethylated ketocoumarin are both generated upon visible light exposure, with the former giving rise to rapid photopolymerization and high print speed while the latter ensuring high print resolution by confining the light penetration. By comparison, the printed feature is hard to identify when the ketocoumarin encounters photoreduction due to the increased lateral photopolymerization. The proposed approach here provides a viable solution towards efficient additive manufacturing by controlling the photoreaction of photosensitizers during photopolymerization.

Fused Filament Fabrication 3D Printed Polylactic Acid Electroosmotic Pumps

Lab on a Chip ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liang Wu ◽  
Stephen Beirne ◽  
Joan-Marc Cabot Canyelles ◽  
Brett Paull ◽  
Gordon G. Wallace ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Polylactic Acid ◽  
Fused Filament Fabrication ◽  
Flexible Approach ◽  
Electroosmotic Pump ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Electroosmotic Pumps

Additive manufacturing (3D printing) offers a flexible approach for the production of bespoke microfluidic structures such as the electroosmotic pump. Here a readily accessible fused filament fabrication (FFF) 3D printing...

scholarly journals Structural multi-colour invisible inks with submicron 4D printing of shape memory polymers

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wang Zhang ◽  
Hao Wang ◽  
Hongtao Wang ◽  
John You En Chan ◽  
Hailong Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shape Memory ◽  
Information Hiding ◽  
Shape Memory Polymer ◽  
Shape Memory Polymers ◽  
Photonic Devices ◽  
Temperature Sensitive ◽  
4D Printing ◽  
Two Photon ◽  
Shape Memory Effects ◽  
Nanoscale Structure

AbstractFour-dimensional (4D) printing of shape memory polymer (SMP) imparts time responsive properties to 3D structures. Here, we explore 4D printing of a SMP in the submicron length scale, extending its applications to nanophononics. We report a new SMP photoresist based on Vero Clear achieving print features at a resolution of ~300 nm half pitch using two-photon polymerization lithography (TPL). Prints consisting of grids with size-tunable multi-colours enabled the study of shape memory effects to achieve large visual shifts through nanoscale structure deformation. As the nanostructures are flattened, the colours and printed information become invisible. Remarkably, the shape memory effect recovers the original surface morphology of the nanostructures along with its structural colour within seconds of heating above its glass transition temperature. The high-resolution printing and excellent reversibility in both microtopography and optical properties promises a platform for temperature-sensitive labels, information hiding for anti-counterfeiting, and tunable photonic devices.

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