Towards a Design Framework for Multifunctional Shape Memory Polymer Based Product in the Era of 4D Printing

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bingcong Jian ◽  
Fédéric Demoly ◽  
Yicha Zhang ◽  
Samuel Gomes
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Shape Memory ◽  
Smart Materials ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Shape Memory Polymer ◽  
Functional Materials ◽  
Product Development Process ◽  
Stimuli Responsive ◽  
4D Printing ◽  
Complex Stimuli

Shape-memory polymers (SMPs) as stimuli-responsive shape-changing materials gained significant interest in recent years. Their developments have challenged the conventional understanding of the polymer effect and have further enhanced and broadened the applications of the smart materials. Nowadays, 4D printing is seen as an emerging technology that combines smart materials and additive manufacturing, which can be used to design active mechanical structures. It provides tremendous potential for engineering applications which is capable of producing complex, stimuli-responsive 3D structures. While many “ad hoc” designs of 4D printed solutions have been progressively developed for a specific process, the general approach of additive manufacturing that integrates smart materials in real time across an entire product development process is not pervasive in the industry. To solve this issue, the authors propose a general 4D printing oriented framework for the design of multi-functional SMPs architectures. This framework is not intended to be an exhaustive and specific instruction but is instead a means to motivate these designers to seek the process of applying these unique functional materials to their own designs and applications. It will be useful and give more insight into the design process of the SMP device.

scholarly journals 4D Printing Dual Stimuli-Responsive Bilayer Structure Toward Multiple Shape-Shifting

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luquan Ren ◽  
Bingqian Li ◽  
Qingping Liu ◽  
Lei Ren ◽  
Zhengyi Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smart Materials ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Shape Memory Polymer ◽  
Polyurethane Elastomer ◽  
Bilayer Structure ◽  
Stimuli Responsive ◽  
4D Printing ◽  
Swelling Characteristics ◽  
Water Swelling ◽  
Printing Method

4D printing has been attracting widespread attention because its shape and performance can change under stimuli. The existing 4D printing technology is mostly limited to responsive to single stimulus, which means that the printing structure can only change under a pre-specified stimulus. Here we propose a 4D printing strategy with dual stimuli-responsive shape-shifting that responds to both temperature and water, by using a direct ink writing 3D printing method to deposit a polyurethane elastomer material with water-swelling characteristics on a heat-shrinkage shape memory polymer material to form a bilayer structure. Based on the systematic study of the adapted printing parameters of the polyurethane elastomer, the effect of programmable variables on the deformation shape was investigated. The diversified printing structure exhibits rich structural changes under one or both of the two stimuli of temperature and water. This research provides a universal multiple stimuli-responsive 4D printing method, which can effectively improve the intelligent responsiveness of 4D printing structures by combining multiple smart materials.

scholarly journals AM-FFF of Objects Using Commercial PLA Based Shape Memory Polymer Printed by an Open-Source 3D Printer

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 30-34
Author(s):  
N. Dresler ◽  
A. Ulanov ◽  
M. Aviv ◽  
D. Ashkenazi ◽  
A. Stern
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Shape Memory ◽  
Open Source ◽  
Shape Memory Polymer ◽  
Manufacturing Processes ◽  
3D Printer ◽  
4D Printing ◽  
Fused Filament Fabrication ◽  
Memory Cycle

The 4D additive manufacturing processes are considered today as the "next big thing" in R&D. The aim of this research is to provide two examples of commercial PLA based shape memory polymer (SMP) objects printed on an open-source 3D printer in order to proof the feasibility of such novel 4D printing process. To that purpose, a PLA based filament of eSUN (4D filament e4D-1white, SMP) was chosen, and two applications, a spring and a vase, were designed by 3D-printing with additive manufacturing (AM) fused filament fabrication (FFF) technique. The 4D-printed objects were successfully produced, the shape memory effect and their functionality were demonstrated by achieving the shape-memory cycle of programming, storage and recovery.

4D Printed Shape Memory Polymer Composite Structures for Deployable Small Spacecrafts

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madhubhashitha Herath ◽  
Mainul Islam ◽  
Jayantha Epaarachchi ◽  
Fenghua Zhang ◽  
Jinsong Leng
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Shape Memory ◽  
Composite Structures ◽  
Shape Recovery ◽  
Light Stimulus ◽  
Shape Memory Polymer ◽  
Photothermal Effect ◽  
4D Printing ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Stimulus Shape

Abstract Four dimensional (4D) printing is the convergence of three dimensional (3D) printing, which is an emerging additive manufacturing technology for smart materials. 4D printing is referred to the capability of changing the shape, property, or functionality of a 3D printed structure under a particular external stimulus. This paper presents the structural performance, shape memory behavior and photothermal effect of 4D printed pristine shape memory polymer (SMP) and it’s composite (SMPC) with multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). Both materials have demonstrated the ability to retain a temporary shape and then recover their original. It is revealed that the incorporation of MWCNTs into the SMP matrix has enhanced the light stimulus shape recovery capabilities. Light stimulus shape transformation of 4D printed SMPC is advantageous for space engineering applications as light can be focused onto a particular area at a long distance. Subsequently, a model 4D printed deployable boom, which is applicable for small spacecrafts is presented. The shape fixity and recovery behaviors of the proposed boom have been investigated. Notably, the model boom structure has demonstrated ∼86 % shape recovery ratio. The proposed innovative approach of additive manufacturing based deployable composite structures will shape up the future space technologies.

scholarly journals 4D Printing and Characterization of Shape Memory Polymer (SMP) Based Smart Gripper

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. 1204-1211
Author(s):  
Francis Irungu Maina ◽  
Nahashon Osinde ◽  
Japheth Ka’pesha Odira ◽  
Patrick Kariuki Wanjiru ◽  
Margaret Wanjiku Mwangi
Keyword(s):  
Shape Memory ◽  
Recovery Rate ◽  
Shape Recovery ◽  
Shape Memory Polymer ◽  
Print Quality ◽  
Stimuli Responsive ◽  
4D Printing ◽  
Printing Parameters ◽  
Made In

Shape Memory Polymer (SMP) is stimuli-responsive material with the ability to recover the original shape from a deformation upon triggering by an appropriate stimulus like heat, light, and electricity. The shape recovery properties can be harnessed through 4D printing of self-recoverable functional structures and made usable in fields like medicine and robotics. To investigate the recovery properties, best printing parameters and optimal sizes, 4D reconfigurable gripper designed in CAD was printed in Ultimaker 2 Printer. Different stencils were made in varying printing parameters of temperature, infill, speed and time. Analysis for the stencils proved best print quality at a temperature of 195 °C and nozzle retract speed of 40mm/s. Shape recovery characterization was done on MATLAB. A printing temperature of 203 °C, infill density of 38% and printing speed of 40 mm/s gave the gripper with the best print quality. Characterization of the varying performances of the four grippers was attributed to the different infill percentages. The lower the infill, the higher the recovery rate due to the low stiffness of the gripper. The best recovery rate of 96.93% was associated with an optimal printing temperature of 203 °C.

scholarly journals Fused Filament Fabrication-4D-Printed Shape Memory Polymers: A Review

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 701
Author(s):  
Sara Valvez ◽  
Paulo N. B. Reis ◽  
Luca Susmel ◽  
Filippo Berto
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Shape Memory ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Shape Memory Polymer ◽  
Shape Memory Polymers ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
4D Printing ◽  
Fused Filament Fabrication ◽  
External Stimuli

Additive manufacturing (AM) is the process through which components/structures are produced layer-by-layer. In this context, 4D printing combines 3D printing with time so that this combination results in additively manufactured components that respond to external stimuli and, consequently, change their shape/volume or modify their mechanical properties. Therefore, 4D printing uses shape-memory materials that react to external stimuli such as pH, humidity, and temperature. Among the possible materials with shape memory effect (SME), the most suitable for additive manufacturing are shape memory polymers (SMPs). However, due to their weaknesses, shape memory polymer compounds (SMPCs) prove to be an effective alternative. On the other hand, out of all the additive manufacturing techniques, the most widely used is fused filament fabrication (FFF). In this context, the present paper aims to critically review all studies related to the mechanical properties of 4D-FFF materials. The paper provides an update state of the art showing the potential of 4D-FFF printing for different engineering applications, maintaining the focus on the structural integrity of the final structure/component.

4D printing technology, modern era: A short review

2020 ◽  
pp. 92-111
Author(s):  
Khodadad Mostakim ◽  
Nahid Imtiaz Masuk ◽  
Md. Rakib Hasan ◽  
Md. Shafikul Islam
Keyword(s):  
Smart Materials ◽  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Stimuli Responsive ◽  
4D Printing ◽  
Space Applications ◽  
Printing Technology ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Biomedical Technologies ◽  
Novel Material

The advancement in 3D printing has led to the rapid growth of 4D printing technology. Adding time, as the fourth dimension, this technology ushered the potential of a massive evolution in fields of biomedical technologies, space applications, deployable structures, manufacturing industries, and so forth. This technology performs ingenious design, using smart materials to create advanced forms of the 3-D printed specimen. Improvements in Computer-aided design, additive manufacturing process, and material science engineering have ultimately favored the growth of 4-D printing innovation and revealed an effective method to gather complex 3-D structures. Contrast to all these developments, novel material is still a challenging sector. However, this short review illustrates the basic of 4D printing, summarizes the stimuli responsive materials properties, which have prominent role in the field of 4D technology. In addition, the practical applications are depicted and the potential prospect of this technology is put forward.

scholarly journals Design of Shape Memory Thermoplastic Material Systems for FDM-Type Additive Manufacturing

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (15) ◽  
pp. 4254
Author(s):  
Paulina A. Quiñonez ◽  
Leticia Ugarte-Sanchez ◽  
Diego Bermudez ◽  
Paulina Chinolla ◽  
Rhyan Dueck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Shape Memory ◽  
Thermomechanical Processing ◽  
Material Selection ◽  
Shape Memory Polymer ◽  
Fused Filament Fabrication ◽  
Materials Development ◽  
Thermoplastic Material ◽  
Polymer Systems ◽  
Injection Molded

The work presented here describes a paradigm for the design of materials for additive manufacturing platforms based on taking advantage of unique physical properties imparted upon the material by the fabrication process. We sought to further investigate past work with binary shape memory polymer blends, which indicated that phase texturization caused by the fused filament fabrication (FFF) process enhanced shape memory properties. In this work, two multi-constituent shape memory polymer systems were developed where the miscibility parameter was the guide in material selection. A comparison with injection molded specimens was also carried out to further investigate the ability of the FFF process to enable enhanced shape memory characteristics as compared to other manufacturing methods. It was found that blend combinations with more closely matching miscibility parameters were more apt at yielding reliable shape memory polymer systems. However, when miscibility parameters differed, a pathway towards the creation of shape memory polymer systems capable of maintaining more than one temporary shape at a time was potentially realized. Additional aspects related to impact modifying of rigid thermoplastics as well as thermomechanical processing on induced crystallinity are also explored. Overall, this work serves as another example in the advancement of additive manufacturing via materials development.

scholarly journals Structural multi-colour invisible inks with submicron 4D printing of shape memory polymers

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wang Zhang ◽  
Hao Wang ◽  
Hongtao Wang ◽  
John You En Chan ◽  
Hailong Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shape Memory ◽  
Information Hiding ◽  
Shape Memory Polymer ◽  
Shape Memory Polymers ◽  
Photonic Devices ◽  
Temperature Sensitive ◽  
4D Printing ◽  
Two Photon ◽  
Shape Memory Effects ◽  
Nanoscale Structure

AbstractFour-dimensional (4D) printing of shape memory polymer (SMP) imparts time responsive properties to 3D structures. Here, we explore 4D printing of a SMP in the submicron length scale, extending its applications to nanophononics. We report a new SMP photoresist based on Vero Clear achieving print features at a resolution of ~300 nm half pitch using two-photon polymerization lithography (TPL). Prints consisting of grids with size-tunable multi-colours enabled the study of shape memory effects to achieve large visual shifts through nanoscale structure deformation. As the nanostructures are flattened, the colours and printed information become invisible. Remarkably, the shape memory effect recovers the original surface morphology of the nanostructures along with its structural colour within seconds of heating above its glass transition temperature. The high-resolution printing and excellent reversibility in both microtopography and optical properties promises a platform for temperature-sensitive labels, information hiding for anti-counterfeiting, and tunable photonic devices.

scholarly journals Shape memory polymer network with thermally distinct elasticity and plasticity

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. e1501297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qian Zhao ◽  
Weike Zou ◽  
Yingwu Luo ◽  
Tao Xie
Keyword(s):  
Shape Memory ◽  
Molecular Design ◽  
Shape Change ◽  
Shape Memory Polymer ◽  
Polymer Network ◽  
Stimuli Responsive ◽  
Responsive Materials ◽  
Device Applications ◽  
Temperature Ranges ◽  
Rational Molecular Design

Stimuli-responsive materials with sophisticated yet controllable shape-changing behaviors are highly desirable for real-world device applications. Among various shape-changing materials, the elastic nature of shape memory polymers allows fixation of temporary shapes that can recover on demand, whereas polymers with exchangeable bonds can undergo permanent shape change via plasticity. We integrate the elasticity and plasticity into a single polymer network. Rational molecular design allows these two opposite behaviors to be realized at different temperature ranges without any overlap. By exploring the cumulative nature of the plasticity, we demonstrate easy manipulation of highly complex shapes that is otherwise extremely challenging. The dynamic shape-changing behavior paves a new way for fabricating geometrically complex multifunctional devices.

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