scholarly journals Corrosion Behavior of Materials Al5083 Alloy, 316L Stainless Steel and A681 Carbon Steel in Seawater

2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 39-46
Author(s):  
Gina Genoveva ISTRATE ◽  
Alina Crina MUREȘAN
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Corrosion Rate ◽  
Corrosion Behavior ◽  
Aluminium Alloys ◽  
Saturated Calomel Electrode ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Carbon Steels ◽  
Test Technique

In this paper the corrosion behavior of different materials has been evaluated based on exposure in seawater. The laboratory immersion test technique has been applied to evaluate the effect of seawater on the corrosion behavior of different materials. In three sets of experiments, carbon steels (A681 Type O7), austenitic stainless steels (316L) and aluminium alloys (Al5083) were utilized. The specimens were fixed fully submerged in seawater. The corrosion process was evaluated using weight loss method, open-circuit potential measurements (OCP) and polarization techniques. To determine gravimetric index and the rate of penetration, samples were immersed in corrosive environment for 89 days and weighed periodically. The electrochemical experiments were conducted with a Potentiostat/Galvanostat (PGP 201) analyzer. It was connected to a PC. The Voltamaster software was used for electrochemical data analysis. A three-electrode cell composed of a specimen as a working electrode, Pt as counter electrode, and saturated calomel electrode (SCE) (Hg (l)/ Hg2Cl2 (s)) as a reference electrode were used for the tests. The weight loss tests revealed the lowest corrosion rate values for stainless steel and aluminium alloys, indicating a beneficial use for these materials in marine environments. The potentiodynamic method shows that the lowest corrosion rate in seawater (2.8 μm /year) was obtained for the Al5083 alloy, and the highest value of the corrosion rate (41.67 μm/year) for A681 carbon steel.

Corrosion Behavior of Duplex Stainless Steel in Industrial White Liquor

CORROSION ◽  
10.5006/2558 ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 74 (5) ◽  
pp. 543-550 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luiza Esteves ◽  
Mônica M.A.M. Schvartzman ◽  
Wagner Reis da Costa Campos ◽  
Vanessa F.C. Lins
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Corrosion Rate ◽  
Duplex Stainless Steel ◽  
Corrosion Behavior ◽  
Extrapolation Method ◽  
White Liquor ◽  
Duplex Steel ◽  
Kraft Mill ◽  
Lower Corrosion Rate

Specimens of lean duplex and duplex stainless steel were exposed at 200°C in industrial white liquor from a Brazilian kraft mill using an autoclave to simulate the same conditions of digester processing. Tafel extrapolation method and weight loss were used to evaluate corrosion behavior of duplex steel in white liquor. The higher alloy steel, although presenting a lower corrosion rate than the lean duplex, presents a more severe selective attack on ferrite, at 200°C and 1.8 MPa, after Tafel extrapolation method in industrial white liquor.

scholarly journals Effect of Minor Alloying Elements on the Corrosion Behavior of Fe40Al in NaCl-KCl Molten Salts

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Salinas ◽  
J. G. Gonzalez-Rodriguez ◽  
J. Porcayo-Calderon ◽  
V. M. Salinas-Bravo ◽  
M. A. Espinoza-Medina
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Corrosion Rate ◽  
Corrosion Behavior ◽  
Molten Salts ◽  
Electrochemical Techniques ◽  
The Other ◽  
Type Stainless Steel ◽  
Waste Gasification

The hot corrosion behavior of Fe40Al intermetallic alloyed with Ag, Cu, Li, and Ni (1–5 at.%) in NaCl-KCl (1 : 1 M) at 670°C, typical of waste gasification environments, has been evaluated by using polarization curves and weight loss techniques and compared with a 304-type stainless steel. Both gravimetric and electrochemical techniques showed that all different Fe40Al-base alloys have a much higher corrosion resistance than that for stainless steel. Among the different Fe40Al-based alloys, the corrosion rate was very similar among each other, but it was evident that the addition of Li decreased their corrosion rate whereas all the other elements increased it. Results have been explained in terms of the formation and stability of an external, protective Al2O3layer.

Effect of Elemental Sulfur on Corrosion Behavior of Super 13Cr Martensitic Stainless Steel

2014 ◽  
Vol 556-562 ◽  
pp. 162-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shi Dong Zhu ◽  
Hai Xia Ma ◽  
Jin Ling Li ◽  
Zhi Gang Yang
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Corrosion Rate ◽  
Corrosion Behavior ◽  
Elemental Sulfur ◽  
Martensitic Stainless Steel ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Corrosion Scales

Effects of elemental sulfur on corrosion behavior of super 13Cr martensitic stainless steel were investigated by utilizing weight loss test, and the micro morphologies and chemical elements of corrosion scales were characterized by using SEM and EDS. The results showed that corrosion resistance of super 13Cr stainless steel was aggravated by the hydrolytic action of sulfur, the corrosion rate of super 13Cr stainless steel increased with the increasing of sulfur content, and firstly increased and then decreased with the increasing of temperature due to the activated adsorption and existential state of sulfur at the different temperatures.

Study of Corrosion Behavior of Carbon Steel in Soil under Alternating Current Influence

2011 ◽  
Vol 204-210 ◽  
pp. 1852-1855
Author(s):  
Yan Qiang Liu ◽  
Zhi Shan Liang
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Corrosion Rate ◽  
Corrosion Behavior ◽  
Cathodic Protection ◽  
Alternating Current ◽  
Steel Sample ◽  
Protection Level ◽  
16Mn Steel

The AC corrosion behavior of 16Mn steel under cathodic protection is investigated by the experiments carried out in labortary. The weight loss test showed that the corrosion rate of 16Mn steel sample under different alteranting voltage interference is influenced greatly by the applied cathodic protection level.

scholarly journals Hot Corrosion Behavior of High-Chromium, High-Carbon Cast Irons in NaCl-KCl Molten Salts

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Vuelvas-Rayo ◽  
J. G. Gonzalez-Rodriguez ◽  
J. Porcayo-Calderon ◽  
V. M. Salinas-Bravo ◽  
S. I. Maldonado-Ruiz
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Corrosion Rate ◽  
Corrosion Behavior ◽  
Molten Salts ◽  
Degradation Rate ◽  
High Carbon ◽  
Cast Irons ◽  
High Chromium ◽  
Type Stainless Steel

A study on the corrosion behavior of a series of experimental high-chromium (18.53–30.48 wt.%), high-carbon (3.82–5.17%) cast irons in NaCl-KCl (1 : 1 M) at 670°C has been evaluated by using weight loss technique and compared with a 304-type stainless steel. It was found that all castings had a higher corrosion rate than conventional 304SS and that the addition of Cr increased the degradation rate of the cast irons. Additionally, corrosion rate increased by increasing the C contents up to 4.29%, but it decreased with a further increase in its contents. Results are discussed in terms of consumption of the Cr2O3layer by the melt.

scholarly journals The effect of volatile organic acids and CO2 on the corrosion rate of carbon steel from a Top-of-Line-Corrosion (TLC) perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol 1201 (1) ◽  
pp. 012079
Author(s):  
S B Gjertsen ◽  
A Palencsar ◽  
M Seiersten ◽  
T H Hemmingsen
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Corrosion Rate ◽  
Organic Acid ◽  
Carbonic Acid ◽  
Acid Corrosion ◽  
Iron Concentration ◽  
Critical Factor ◽  
Steel Corrosion ◽  
Carbon Steels ◽  
Corrosion Rates

Abstract Models for predicting top-of-line corrosion (TLC) rates on carbon steels are important tools for cost-effectively designing and operating natural gas transportation pipelines. The work presented in this paper is aimed to investigate how the corrosion rates on carbon steel is affected by acids typically present in the transported pipeline fluids. This investigation may contribute to the development of improved models. In a series of experiments, the corrosion rate differences for pure CO2 (carbonic acid) corrosion and pure organic acid corrosion (acetic acid and formic acid) on X65 carbon steel were investigated at starting pH values; 4.5, 5.3, or 6.3. The experiments were conducted in deaerated low-salinity aqueous solutions at atmospheric pressure and temperature of 65 °C. The corrosion rates were evaluated from linear polarization resistance data as well as mass loss and released iron concentration. A correlation between lower pH values and increased corrosion rates was found for the organic acid experiments. However, the pH was not the most critical factor for the rates of carbon steel corrosion in these experiments. The experimental results showed that the type of acid species involved and the concentration of the undissociated acid in the solution influenced the corrosion rates considerably.

Feasibility Study on Optimisation of Material Selection for High Temperature Sour Gas Producer

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Helmi Nordin ◽  
M. Wahidullah Moh Wahi ◽  
Amresh Sashidharan ◽  
Nurfuzaini A. Karim ◽  
Alif Syahrizad Ramli
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Corrosion Rate ◽  
Stress Corrosion Cracking ◽  
Martensitic Stainless Steel ◽  
Material Selection ◽  
Working Temperature ◽  
Fit For Purpose ◽  
Selection For

Abstract K field is a green field in East Malaysia with prolific gas reserves that is being developed with six high rate gas producing wells from high temperature (190 °C) carbonate reservoir. Tubular material feasibility study is one of the key subjects of scrutiny when it comes to completing wells in high temperature environment coupled with existence of significant level of H2S and CO2 contents. Material testing was conducted at the specified test environments (102 bar CO2 + 120ppm H2S) and load cases to assess susceptibility of Martensitic Stainless Steel to Stress Corrosion Cracking (SCC), corrosion rate and compatibility with completion brine. The aim was to optimize the material selection that is fit for purpose (lower completion and flow-wetted area of production casing) and reduce well cost up to USD 2.5 million. The base case of material selection for flow-wetted section is 17CR110 ksi, which meets the design requirements of these wells based on fit for purpose test conducted in the data base. Flow-wetted section in this case is production liner and flow-wetted section of production casing below production packer. Super 13CR -110 ksi and 15CR125 ksi material grades were considered for design optimization for this section of interest. Four Point Bend Method was used for SCC test sets while weight loss method for corrosion rate measurement. For brine compatibility test, calcium bromide (without additive) was used as test solution for 17CR 110 ksi, 15CR 125 ksi and Super 13CR -110 ksi with elevated temperature of 190 °C. Post-test assessment was conducted by visual examination by stereomicroscope to check for surface indication and dye-penetrant examination to determine any indication of cracks. It was observed that the Super 13CR -110 ksi and 15CR 125 ksi test specimens survived the test with no pitting observed. Meanwhile, test specimens were weighed to determine corrosion rates, resulted to Super 13CR -110 ksi sample having an average corrosion rate of 0.2195 mm/year. This translates to less than 30% weight loss throughout well production life and therefore accepted for open-hole production liner and production casing flow-wetted section. Key enabler in this design optimization effort is the understanding of the Stress Corrosion Cracking for martensitic stainless steel in high temperature sour environment where commonly, martensitic stainless steel (Super 13Cr / Modified Super 13Cr) working temperature is 165 °C. The test manages to extend the working temperature up to 190 °C.

scholarly journals The Corrosion Behavior of Sputter-Deposited Nanocrystalline W-Cr Alloys in Nacl and NaohaSolutions

1970 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 53-61
Author(s):  
Minu Basnet ◽  
Jagadeesh Bhattarai
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Corrosion Rate ◽  
Corrosion Behavior ◽  
Chromium Content ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Nacl Solution ◽  
Corrosion Rates ◽  
Naoh Solution ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Sputter Deposited

The corrosion behavior of the sputter-deposited nanocrystalline W-Cr alloys wasstudied in 0.5 M NaCl and alkaline 1 M NaOH solutions at 25°C, open to air usingimmersion tests and electrochemical measurements. Chromium metal acts synergisticallywith tungsten in enhancing the corrosion resistance of the sputter-deposited W-Cr alloys soas to show higher corrosion resistance than those of alloy-constituting elements in both 0.5M NaCl and 1 M NaOH solutions. In particular, the nanocrystalline W-Cr alloys containing25-91 at% chromium showed about one order of magnitude lower corrosion rates (that is,about 1-2 × 10-3 mm.y-1) than those of tungsten and chromium metals even for prolongedimmersion in 0.5 M NaCl solution at 25°C. On the other hand, the corrosion rate of thesputter-deposited W-Cr alloys containing 25-75 at % chromium was decreased significantlywith increasing chromium content and showed lowest corrosion rates (that is, 1.5-2.0 × 10-3 mm.y-1) after immersed for prolonged immersion in 1 M NaOH solution. The corrosion ratesof these nanocrystalline W-(25-75)Cr alloys are nearly two orders of magnitude lower thanthat of tungsten and more than one order of magnitude lower corrosion rate than that ofsputter-deposited chromium metal in 1 M NaOH solution. The corrosion-resistant of all theexamined sputter-deposited W-Cr alloys in 0.5 M NaCl solution is higher than in alkaline 1M NaOH solution at 25°C. Open circuit potentials of all the examined W-Cr alloys areshifted to more noble direction with increasing the chromium content in the alloys afterimmersion for 72 h in both 0.5 M NaCl and 1 M NaOH solutions at 25°C, open to air.Keywords: Sputter deposition, nanocrystalline W-Cr alloys, corrosion test, electrochemicalmeasurement, NaCl and NaOH solutions.DOI:  10.3126/jncs.v25i0.3300Journal of Nepal Chemical Society Volume 25, 2010 pp 53-61

Prediction and Measurement of Corrosion Rates of Stainless Steel in Concentrated Sulfuric Acid

CORROSION ◽  
10.5006/0709 ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 69 (6) ◽  
pp. 543-550 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Jones ◽  
K. Coley ◽  
J. Kish
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Corrosion Behavior ◽  
Electrochemical Behavior ◽  
Open Circuit Potential ◽  
Electrochemical Techniques ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Corrosion Rates ◽  
Transient Nature ◽  
Concentrated Sulfuric Acid

When exposed to concentrated sulfuric acid, stainless steel exhibits unique electrochemical behavior. This behavior can be observed as an oscillation in open-circuit potential between the active and passive states. The transient nature of the corrosion behavior under these conditions results in a distinct challenge for measuring and predicting corrosion rates. Using a series of commercial alloys with various nickel contents, this paper outlines the utilization of electrochemical experimentation to refine the prediction of corrosion rates. The paper also discusses some of the difficulties associated with many traditional electrochemical techniques such as potentiodynamic scans when used for characterizing systems that undergo oscillations in open-circuit potential.

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