scholarly journals Review of Poultry Production and Poultry Vaccine Manufacture in Nepal

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Uddab Poudel ◽  
Umesh Dahal ◽  
Santosh Dhakal
Keyword(s):  
Egg Production ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Preventive Measure ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Poultry Meat ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Vaccine Production ◽  
Continuous Growth ◽  
Poultry Vaccine

Poultry industry is one of the strong pillars of Nepal’s agricultural production system, contributing around 4% in the national gross domestic product (GDP). Nepal is self-reliant in poultry meat and egg production. This sector provides employment to thousands of people and has become a major source of income to rural people. Low investment cost, less manpower requirement, and quick returns attract many investors towards poultry farming and hence the population and productivity of poultry is increasing year after year. Different viral, bacterial, protozoal and fungal diseases, including influenza, fowl typhoid, coccidiosis and mycotoxicosis, cause tremendous economic loss to the poultry sector of Nepal each year. Vaccines can be an effective preventive measure against poultry diseases and Nepal government together with the private sectors produce vaccines against different poultry diseases. Still, poultry vaccine production within the country is not enough and depends on imports from other countries. Considering the continuous growth in the poultry production and constant threat of disease outbreaks, government of Nepal as well as private sectors should invest more on vaccine production within the country. This article explains the current status of poultry production and vaccine development in Nepal.

scholarly journals Coccidiostats in table eggs, liver and poultry meat on the market in Bosnia and Herzegovina

2021 ◽  
Vol 854 (1) ◽  
pp. 012016
Author(s):  
E Clanjak-Kudra ◽  
D Alagic ◽  
M Smajlovic ◽  
A Smajlovic ◽  
I Mujezinović ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Poultry Meat ◽  
Poultry Feed ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Broiler Meat ◽  
Commercial Poultry ◽  
Global Population

Abstract Poultry meat production is one of the most dynamic sectors in agriculture, recording the quickest growth in the food industry, while egg production has shown strong growth in the last twenty years. Combined with meat production, it is achieving the highest growth when it comes to meeting protein needs for the global population. In economic terms, coccidiosis is one of the most significant poultry diseases. Effective application of coccidiostats in poultry feed has been playing a key role in development of commercial poultry production for more than 50 years. The aim of this research was to estimate occurrence and residue concentrations of coccidiostats in table eggs, poultry liver and meat, available on the market in Bosnia and Herzegovina (B&H). Residues of lasalocid were found in table eggs, while residues of nicarbazin, maduramicin and diclazuril were detected in broiler meat and liver.

scholarly journals Livestock and Poultry Production in Nepal and Current Status of Vaccine Development

Vaccines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 322
Author(s):  
Uddab Poudel ◽  
Umesh Dahal ◽  
Nabin Upadhyaya ◽  
Saroj Chaudhari ◽  
Santosh Dhakal
Keyword(s):  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Veterinary Vaccine ◽  
Laboratory Facilities ◽  
Commercial Poultry ◽  
The Government ◽  
The 1960S

The livestock and poultry sectors are an integral part of Nepalese economy and lifestyle. Livestock and poultry populations have continuously been increasing in the last decade in Nepal and are likely to follow that trend as the interests in this field is growing. Infectious diseases such as Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD), Peste des Petits Ruminants (PPR), hemorrhagic septicemia (HS), black quarter (BQ), swine fever, avian influenza, and Newcastle disease (ND) constitute one of the major health challenges to the Nepalese livestock and poultry industry. Vaccinations are an efficient means of preventing the occurrence and spread of several diseases in animals and birds. Considering this fact, the government of Nepal began the production of veterinary vaccines in the 1960s. Nepal is self-reliant in producing several vaccines for cattle and buffaloes, sheep and goats, pigs, and poultry. Despite these efforts, the demand for vaccines is not met, especially in the commercial poultry sector, as Nepal spends billions of rupees in vaccine imports each year. There is a need of strengthening laboratory facilities for the isolation and characterization of field strains of pathogens and capacity building for the production of different types of vaccines using the latest technologies to be self-reliant in veterinary vaccine production in the future in Nepal.

scholarly journals From epidemic to pandemic covid-19 world crisis!

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-14
Author(s):  
Aiswarya Mishra ◽  
Annapurna Ahuja ◽  
Sloka Kanungo ◽  
Harneet Singh Mago ◽  
Ruchii Staffy Mohina Minz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Global Institutions ◽  
World Crisis ◽  
New Public Health ◽  
New Public ◽  
Global Threat

There is a new public health crises threatening the world with the emergence and spread of 2019 novel corona virus (2019-nCoV) The virus originated in bats and was transmitted to humans through yet unknown intermediary animals in Wuhan, Hubei province, China in December 2019.It caused a total of 80,868 confirmed cases and 3101 deaths in Chinese mainland until March 8, 2020. This novel virus spread mainly through respiratory droplets and close contact. According to the current pandemic situation the worldwide report of death due to COVID-19 is 165,877,654, cases confirmed and 3,445,463 death and 146,583,420 recovered. The symptoms are usually fever, cough, sore throat, breathlessness, fatigue, malaise among others. The disease is mild in most people; in some, usually the elderly and those with comorbidities, it may progress to pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and multi organ dysfunction. As COVID-19 has triggered enormous human casualties and serious economic loss posing global threat, an understanding of the ongoing situation and the development of strategies to contain the virus's spread are urgently needed. Currently, various diagnostic kits to test for COVID-19 are available and several repurposing therapeutics for COVID-19 have shown to be clinically effective. In addition, global institutions and companies have begun to develop vaccines for the prevention of COVID-19. Here, we review the current status of epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment, and vaccine development for COVID-19.

scholarly journals Mycotoxins in poultry production

2009 ◽  
pp. 7-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Radmila Resanovic ◽  
Ksenija Nesic ◽  
Vladimir Nesic ◽  
Todor Palic ◽  
Vesna Jacevic
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Techniques And Procedures ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Diagnostic Techniques ◽  
Poultry Meat ◽  
Poultry Feed ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Increased Sensitivity ◽  
European Standards ◽  
Significant Health

All poultry is sensitive to mycotoxins. This partly depends on the type, age and production categories of poultry, their living conditions and nutritive status and partly on the type, quantity and duration of mycotoxin ingestion. The presence of mycotoxins results in significant health disorders and a decrease in production performances. This leads to considerable economic loss for the poultry industry - either direct losses, i.e. death of the poultry or the indirect ones, i.e. the decrease in body mass, number and quality of eggs, greater food conversion, and immunosuppression. Immunosuppression results in increased sensitivity to infective agents and a bad vaccinal response. Morevover, mycotoxin residues in poultry meat, eggs and products derived from them pose a threat to human health. In order to prevent and reduce the negative implications of mycotoxins in the poultry production, it is necessary to create both global and national strategies for combatting mycotoxins, advance diagnostic techniques and procedures, intensify the control of food quality, introduce new limits on the maximum amount of mycotoxins allowed in food and poultry feed used for certain species and categories of animals, and synchronise it with the European standards.

Marketing, consumption and their determinants in village poultry production in four states of Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (17) ◽  
pp. 2021
Author(s):  
Aklilu Hailemichael ◽  
Berhanu Gebremedhin
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Poultry Meat ◽  
Lower Probability ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Flock Size ◽  
Least Squares Regression ◽  
Household Asset ◽  
Institutional Services

Context It is widely recognised that village poultry play important roles nutritionally, economically and socio-culturally in developing countries such as Ethiopia where the sector makes up the largest portion of the national poultry meat and egg production. The importance of socioeconomic environment for improving the contribution of village poultry to household income and diets is receiving little attention in research and development. Aims The present study examined whether and to what extent household, flock, institutional and infrastructural factors enable or constrain village poultry marketing and consumption. Methods The results of the study are based on analysis of data drawn from a cross-sectional survey of 5004 households conducted in four regions of Ethiopia. On the basis of the type of dependent variable, probit and ordinary least squares regression models and marginal effects were used to determine whether and how much the aforementioned factors affect household involvement in marketing or consumption of village poultry. Key results Flock size per household highly significantly and positively affected poultry selling. Majority of the households (82%) sold their poultry primarily for covering planned household expenses. Male-headed households had a lower likelihood of selling poultry and an increased mean number of birds consumed, than did female-headed households. A lower probability of selling poultry was associated with an increasing household-asset ownership and an increasing distance to a market town. Participation in training increased poultry consumption per household. Conclusions Our empirical results showed that factors related to household characteristics, flock size, infrastructure and institutional services affected marketing and consumption of household poultry. Household attributes are important to identify and target the right groups for poultry research and development, and market infrastructure and institutional services have to be developed for improving opportunities of smallholders to better benefit from poultry marketing or consumption. Implications Finally, along with technical efforts to increase production, sustainability and nutritional and economic impacts could be improved if research and development interventions were to holistically take into account the socioeconomic and institutional context under which poultry-producing households operate.

scholarly journals Numbers for Successful Poultry Production

EDIS ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 2003 (16) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary D. Butcher ◽  
Amir H. Nilipour
Keyword(s):  
Egg Production ◽  
Cooperative Extension Service ◽  
Poultry Meat ◽  
Publication Date ◽  
Large Animal ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Broiler Meat ◽  
University Of Florida ◽  
Poultry Products ◽  
World Demand

Fertile egg production and incubation and production of broiler meat are both an art and a science. Man has taken full control of incubating fertile eggs by artificial means to supply the increasing world demand for poultry meat. It is estimated that worldwide more than 30 billion broiler fertile eggs are incubated annually. If eggs were still incubated naturally and broilers raised in small backyard farms, the poultry industry would not have been able to grow and prosper as it has and supply the world demand for poultry products. This document is VM133, one of a series of the Veterinary Medicine-Large Animal Clinical Sciences Department, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. Original publication date June 10, 2002.  VM133/VM098: Numbers for Successful Poultry Production (ufl.edu)

scholarly journals Meningococcal Vaccines: Current Status and Emerging Strategies

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pumtiwitt C. McCarthy ◽  
Abeer Sharyan ◽  
Laleh Sheikhi Moghaddam
Keyword(s):  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Meningococcal Meningitis ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Vaccine Production ◽  
Conjugate Vaccines ◽  
Public Health Burden ◽  
Meningococcal Vaccines ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Immunization Strategies ◽  
The World

Neisseria meningitidis causes most cases of bacterial meningitis. Meningococcal meningitis is a public health burden to both developed and developing countries throughout the world. There are a number of vaccines (polysaccharide-based, glycoconjugate, protein-based and combined conjugate vaccines) that are approved to target five of the six disease-causing serogroups of the pathogen. Immunization strategies have been effective at helping to decrease the global incidence of meningococcal meningitis. Researchers continue to enhance these efforts through discovery of new antigen targets that may lead to a broadly protective vaccine and development of new methods of homogenous vaccine production. This review describes current meningococcal vaccines and discusses some recent research discoveries that may transform vaccine development against N. meningitidis in the future.

scholarly journals T-2 Toxin: Incidence and Toxicity in Poultry

2008 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marijana Sokolović ◽  
Verica Garaj-Vrhovac ◽  
Borka ŠImpraga
Keyword(s):  
Egg Production ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Preventive Measure ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Trichothecene Mycotoxin ◽  
Performance Improvements ◽  
Dna And Rna ◽  
Regular Control ◽  
Low Performance

T-2 Toxin: Incidence and Toxicity in PoultryT-2 toxin is the most toxic type A trichothecene mycotoxin. It is the secondary metabolite of the Fusarium fungi, and is common in grain and animal feed. Toxic effects have been shown both in experimental animals and in livestock. It has been implicated in several outbreaks of human mycotoxicoses. Toxic effects in poultry include inhibition of protein, DNA, and RNA synthesis, cytotoxicity, immunomodulation, cell lesions in the digestive tract, organs and skin, neural disturbances and low performance in poultry production (decreased weight gain, egg production, and hatchability). Concentrations of T-2 toxin in feed are usually low, and its immunosuppressive effects and secondary infections often make diagnosis difficult. If at the onset of the disease, a change in diet leads to health and performance improvements in animals, this may point to mycotoxin poisoning. Regular control of grain and feed samples is a valuable preventive measure, and it is accurate only if representative samples are tested. This article reviews the incidence and toxic effects of T-2 toxin in poultry.

Shigella Vaccine Development: Prospective Animal Models and Current Status

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 903-912 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yeon-Jeong Kim ◽  
Sang-Gu Yeo ◽  
Jae-Hak Park ◽  
Hyun-Jeong Ko
Keyword(s):  
Animal Models ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Current Status

scholarly journals Honeybee and Plant Products as Natural Antimicrobials in Enhancement of Poultry Health and Production

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 8467
Author(s):  
Erinda Lika ◽  
Marija Kostić ◽  
Sunčica Vještica ◽  
Ivan Milojević ◽  
Nikola Puvača
Keyword(s):  
Egg Production ◽  
Egg Quality ◽  
Semen Quality ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Growth Promoters ◽  
Safe Alternative ◽  
Botanical Products ◽  
Poultry Diets

The quality and safety attributes of poultry products have attracted increasing widespread attention and interest from scholarly groups and the general population. As natural and safe alternatives to synthetic and artificial chemical drugs (e.g., antibiotics), botanical products are recently being used in poultry farms more than 60% of the time for producing organic products. Medicinal plants, and honeybee products, are natural substances, and they were added to poultry diets in a small amount (between 1% and 3%) as a source of nutrition and to provide health benefits for poultry. In addition, they have several biological functions in the poultry body and may help to enhance their welfare. These supplements can increase the bodyweight of broilers and the egg production of laying hens by approximately 7% and 10% and enhance meat and egg quality by more than 25%. Moreover, they can improve rooster semen quality by an average of 20%. Previous research on the main biological activities performed by biotics has shown that most research only concentrated on the notion of using botanical products as growth promoters, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial agents. In the current review, the critical effects and functions of bee products and botanicals are explored as natural and safe alternative feed additives in poultry production, such as antioxidants, sexual-stimulants, immuno-stimulants, and for producing healthy products.

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