scholarly journals Experimental Analysis of Single Glazing, Double Glazing and Triple Pass Solar Dryer

2020 ◽  
pp. 70-73
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Window Glass ◽  
Initial Moisture Content ◽  
Solar Drying ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Solar Dryer ◽  
Collector Efficiency ◽  
Drying System ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Drying Efficiency

Adjustable Multi glazing solar drying system is designed and fabricated for experimental study. The arrangement is made in the present model such that it can be wok as a single glazing, double glazing and multi-glazing solar dryer by adjusting the plain window glass (Glazing). The performance analysis and comparison of Single glazing (SGSD), double glazing (DGSD) and Triple pass solar drying system (TPSD) have been conducted by using red chilli. The performance curves show the effect of solar intensity on the collector efficiency, drying efficiency and pick-up efficiency of solar drying system. The collector efficiency of TPSD increased by 28.8% and 53% as compared to DGSD & SGSD respectively at average value of solar radiation 674.4 W/m² at 26.90 gm per second of air mass. The initial moisture content in red chili was measured and found 78.8 (wb) reduced to minimum moisture content 9.8% (wb). It could be concluded that, the time required to dry the red chilli in TPSD is minimum as compared to SGSD and DGSD.

scholarly journals Performance of hybrid solar-biomass dryer

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 61-69
Author(s):  
M.K. Mishra ◽  
K.R. Shrestha ◽  
V Sagar ◽  
R.K. Amatya
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Test Performance ◽  
Initial Moisture Content ◽  
Load Test ◽  
Sun Drying ◽  
Solar Dryer ◽  
Sunny Weather ◽  
Drying System ◽  
Overall Efficiency ◽  
Continuous Heat

Drying of agriculture product is energy intensive and traditional open sun drying is associate with many problems. Use of solar dryer is one of the alternative options. However, it is problematic in rainy and cloudy days. In order to measure the efficiency of solar/biomass hybrid dryer was proposed. A solar/biomass hybrid dryer was fabricated in RECAST Lab. Wood blocks were used as fuel for the gasifier stove. Biomass burning gasifier stove was integrated with solar dryer as an auxiliary heat source through a heat exchanger. The hybrid system of biomass with solar dryer ensures to provide continuous heat when needed. Due to the intermittent nature of sun, especially in rainy or cloudy season, food materials being processed get spoiled. A hybrid solar/biomass drying system solve such problems. Experiments were conducted to test performance of hybrid solar dryers by drying chili and banana. During the load test, conducted for chili, 16 kg of ripen chili with initial moisture content 72.58% (w. b.) was dried to moisture content of 7.13% (w. b.) in 20 hours. The result indicated that drying of chili was faster, within 20 hours (2 days), in natural sunny weather, against 48 hours (5 days) in open sun drying during April, in Kathmandu. Overall efficiency of drying system was found to be 4.29%.

scholarly journals Modelado matemático de secado solar de orégano (Plectranthus amboinicus) con tecnologías directas e indirectas

2020 ◽  
pp. 27-36
Author(s):  
Beatriz Castillo-Téllez ◽  
Margarita Castillo-Téllez ◽  
Erick César López-Vidaña ◽  
Gerardo Alberto Mejía-Pérez
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Temperature Effects ◽  
Initial Moisture Content ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Solar Drying ◽  
Drying Behavior ◽  
Medicinal Properties ◽  
Plectranthus Amboinicus ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Kinetics Of

Oregano is a plant with many nutritional and medicinal properties; there are also other applications in the chemical industry. In this work, the drying kinetics of oregano leaves are studied using a cabinet-type dryer with and without a forced convention, open sun drying, and indirect solar drying. The samples had an initial moisture content of 80 % and the final content of 9 %. The results indicate that indirect solar drying provides better control of operating conditions and greater protection against temperature effects, producing better quality in the dry product. The time required to reach the equilibrium moisture content in all experiments ranged from 375 to 600 min. The data were also adjusted to various mathematical models, resulting In Weibull, Logarithmic, and Page, which best represent the drying behavior of oregano leaves. The statistics used for indirect solar dryer are R2 of 0.9969, 0.9968, and 0.9945, X2 of 0.0363, 0.0363 and 0.0599 respectively.

scholarly journals Development of a Corn Drying System

2021 ◽  
pp. 74-79
Author(s):  
A. A. Ijah ◽  
O. E. Olagunju ◽  
S. M. Adamu ◽  
H. C. Ozoani ◽  
F. M. Rasheed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Initial Moisture Content ◽  
Drying Rate ◽  
Physical Damage ◽  
High Efficient ◽  
Farm Produce ◽  
Drying System ◽  
Drying Efficiency

Corn as a staple farm produce are usually harvested at a point or time when the moisture content is more than 25% (wet.basis).,and therefore, it is easily attacked by fungi and other diseases causing organism and even physical damage, thereby reducing the market value of the crop.  Drying must be carried out on those products to prevent deterioration. The objectives of this research are to develop a device that can reduce the moisture content of corn using electronic components and equally carryout evaluation on the device.  Shelled corns with initial moisture content of between 25-30% (w.b.) is the major material used in this research work. A Heating element incorporated in the device supplied the needed heat which was delivered to the drying chamber by the help of a centrifugal blower. The drying experiment was carried out at three different temperature thus; 45 oC, 55 oC and 65oC. The moisture content at this varying temperature was used to determine the drying rate and the drying efficiency. The results showed clearly that the dryer air temperature affect the drying rate, the efficiency of drying, and the quality of the material. It is equally clear that the best drying rate and temperature is  65oC average 4,95% / hour, high efficient at drying temperature 55oC and 65oC equal to 86,27% and 83,51%, and best material quality with dryer temperature 55oC.

DRYING OF ASAM GELUGUR (GARCINIA ATROVIRIDIS) USING SOLAR DRYING SYSTEM/PENGERINGAN ASAM GELUGUR (GARCINIA ATROVIRIDIS) MENGGUNAKAN SISTEM PENGERING SURIA

2018 ◽  
Vol 80 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Idris Zulkifle ◽  
Mohd Hafidz Hj Ruslan ◽  
Mohd Yusof Hj Othman ◽  
Zahari Ibarahim ◽  
Kamaruzzaman Sopian
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Pore Size ◽  
Rural Community ◽  
Initial Moisture Content ◽  
Solar Drying ◽  
Climate Condition ◽  
Final Content ◽  
Conventional Drying ◽  
Drying System

Asam keping in the market are usually dried using conventional methods. A Portable solar drying system for rural community has been designed and tested for drying of garcinia atroviridis under Malaysia climate condition. The initial moisture content of garcinia atroviridis was 90% in wet basis. After drying, these products were used for seasoning in cooking. The final content moisture after using this solar drying system was 4.4%. The pore size for both samples was seen using an electron microscope with 500 times magnification. The biggest pore size for drying using the solar drying system is 28.4μm which is larger and more than conventional drying that around 13 µm. The pore size is an indicator of the dehydrated material and the heat supplied deeper. 

An Indirect Passive Solar Dryer for Drying

2011 ◽  
Vol 367 ◽  
pp. 517-524
Author(s):  
A. F. Alonge ◽  
O. O. Oniya
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Initial Moisture Content ◽  
Solar Drying ◽  
Drying Time ◽  
Sun Drying ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Drying System ◽  
Average Size ◽  
Local Materials ◽  
Drying Chamber

A solar drying system designed on the principles of convective heat flow, constructed from local materials was employed in drying yam (Dioscorea Alata). A glass collector having an efficiency of about 0.63 was used along with an absorber for absorbing the heat energy. The drying chamber consisted of drying trays. A chimney fitted at the top centre of the drying chamber enhanced airflow. Air passing through the collector heated up and dried the foodstuff in the drying chamber. The latitude of Ilorin is 8.26oN and the collector angle could be varied . 56o C, 41o C and 71o C were obtained as the maximum attainable temperatures for the drying chamber, ambient and collector respectively. Two samples of yam chips, each weighing 1560g and having an average size of 1cm thick, were dried both inside the dryer and outside the dryer within its surrounding. The initial moisture content of the yam was 70.3% (wet basis) and its final moisture content was 9% (wet basis).The result was compared to natural sun drying. It was observed that the drying time was reduced from 52 hours for sun drying to 45 hours for solar drying. The total cost of the construction was 6, 105 Naira.

scholarly journals Energy Analysis of a Hybrid Solar Dryer for Drying Coffee Beans

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-139
Author(s):  
Suherman Suherman ◽  
Hasri Widuri ◽  
Shelyn Patricia ◽  
Evan Eduard Susanto ◽  
Raafi Jaya Sutrisna
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Solar Collector ◽  
Energy Analysis ◽  
Initial Moisture Content ◽  
Solar Drying ◽  
Drying Method ◽  
Drying Time ◽  
Solar Dryer ◽  
Coffee Beans ◽  
Drying Chamber

In this study, hybrid solar drying of coffee beans was performed, and energy analysis was carried out, to assess the system’s performance, in terms of energy efficiency, compared to solar drying and the open sun drying method. The dryer has three compartments: solar collector for collecting solar radiation, drying chamber, and a Liquid Petroleum Gas burner, which acted as an auxiliary heater to assist the thermal energy. The drying chamber has four trays for placing the dried product. The initial moisture content of coffee beans was 54.23% w.b and was reduced to the final moisture content between 11-12% w.b. The coffee beans dried faster when subjected to the solar hybrid drying method, compared to other methods, with the dryer temperature of 40°C, 50°C, and 60°C. Results indicated that the coffee beans’ drying times varied from 10 to 14 hours. However, at temperature 50°C and 60°C for the 1st tray, the water content was reduced more rapidly compared to the other tray. From the results of this study, we can see the different efficiency of solar collector that shows of 54.15% at variable temperature 60°C for drying time 12:00 to 14:00 p.m for hybrid solar drying and for the solar drying process is 50.07% at the range of drying time 12:00 to 14:00 p.m. Mathematical modelling shows that Page model is the most suitable for describing the coffee beans’ drying behaviour using a hybrid solar dryer. The effective diffusivity values found in this experiment are all in the acceptable range for most agricultural products. ©2020. CBIORE-IJRED. All rights reserved

scholarly journals Performance evaluation of a flatbed maize dryer with a biomass heat source

2022 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 37-41
Author(s):  
JO Akowuah ◽  
HA Boateng ◽  
G Obeng Akrofi ◽  
DE Maier
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Initial Moisture Content ◽  
Drying Rate ◽  
Germination Test ◽  
Technical Performance ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
Crack Index ◽  
Drying System ◽  
Drying Efficiency

The technical performance of a 3-tonne capacity flatbed grain dryer was assessed based on its drying rate and drying efficiency. In addition, the quality of maize grains dried in the drying system was investigated through stress-crack analysis and germination test. Maize grains at an initial moisture content of 18.4% ± 0.1% (wb) were dried to a safe moisture content of 13.3% ± 0.2% (wb) in 5 hours, resulting in a drying rate of 1.02%/h at a drying efficiency of 67.35%. The average temperature observed in the plenum (55.8°C±1.5°C) was about twice higher than the ambient temperature during the drying period. The use of the flatbed dryer did not have any adverse effect on the viability of grains dried with a stress-crack index of 75 and percentage germination of 90%. This study demonstrated the viability of using the flatbed biomass-assisted dryer for drying maize and can reduce post-harvest losses of maize at the smallholder level. Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. Tech. 11(2): 37-41, Dec 2021

scholarly journals Experimental Study of Solar Dryer with Thermal Energy Storage System for Drying of Agro Products

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gopinath Radhakrishnan Govindan ◽  
Muthuvel Sattanathan ◽  
Muthukannan Muthiah ◽  
Sudhakarapandian Ranjitharamasamy ◽  
Muthu Manokar Athikesavan
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Initial Moisture Content ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Microbial Count ◽  
Solar Drying ◽  
Drying Time ◽  
Solar Dryer ◽  
The Absolute

Abstract The drying of food products is an essential step in the preservation ofcrops and agricultural by-products that serve as raw materials for numerous end applications. Solar drying with Phase Change Material (PCM) is an efficient low-energy consumption processin the post-reapingstage, reducing food deterioration. A customized solar dryer setup was assembled usingCudappah (black) stones as the baseof the drying chamber to facilitate the absorption of solar energy on its surface. Theorganic paraffin wax, with a melting point of 60℃,was used as PCM in the solar dryer. The novelty of the study is the application of a PCMin asolar dryer to improve the effectiveness of drying and decrease the absolute drying period and the microbial content in the dried food products. The study compared the drying characteristics between open sun drying, solar dryingwithout and with PCM (100 and 200 grams). The fabricated setup was utilised for drying coconut using a PCM-based solar drying method.The coconut was dried from an initial moisture content of 55.5% to a final moisture content of about 9%. The prototype dryer modelminimized the use ofthe workforce,avoided improper drying,and decreased the absolute drying time. A Total Plate Count (TPC) test was conducted to characterize the microbial content in the dried coconut.The microbial count decreased with the use of 200 g PCM as the use of PCM retained the heat for a longer time in the chamber. The drying time of the coconut was decreased by about 28 and 52 hours by installing of about 100 and 200g of PCM respectively. The drying time of the coconut decreased with an increase in the amount of PCM in the solar dryer. The sensory characteristics like colour, taste, flavour, quality, and texture of the solar-dried coconut sample were superiorto the sun-dried coconut sample.

Konsumsi Energi Pada Alat Pengering Surya dan Tipe Bak Untuk Pengeringan Biji Kakao

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lamhot P. Manalu
Keyword(s):  
Specific Energy ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Solar Irradiation ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Food Industries ◽  
Solar Dryer ◽  
Agricultural Applications ◽  
Drying System ◽  
Drying Efficiency

Crop drying is essential for preservation in agricultural applications. It is performed either using fossil fuels in an artificial mechanical drying process or by placing the crop under the open sun. The first method is costly and has a negative impact on the environment, while the second method is totally dependent on the weather. The drying process requires a lot of energy in relation to the amount of water that must be evaporated from the product. It is estimated that 12% of the total energy used by the food industries and agriculture absorbed in this process. Due to the limitation of energy resources, it is important to keep researching and developing of diversification and optimization of energy This study aims to assess the use of energy for cocoa drying using solar energy dryer and bin-type dryer, as well as to determine the drying efficiency of each type of dryer. The results showed that the efficiency of the solar dryer drying system ranges between 36% to 46%, while the tub-type dryers between 21.7% to 33.1%. The specific energy of solar dryer ranged from 6.17-7.87 MJ / kg, while the tub-type dryers 8.58-13.63 MJ / kg. Dryer efficiency is influenced by the level of solar irradiation and the amount of drying load, the higher the irradiation received and more cocoa beans are dried, the drying efficiency is also higher and the specific energy further down.Proses pengeringan memerlukan banyak energi sehubungan dengan banyaknya air yang harus diuapkan dari bahan yang dikeringkan. Pengeringan dapat dilakukan dengan menggunakan pengering mekanis berbahan bakar fosil atau dengan menempatkan produk di bawah matahari terbuka. Metode pertama adalah mahal dan memiliki dampak negatif pada lingkungan, sedangkan metode kedua sangat tergantung pada cuaca. Diperkirakan bahwa 12% dari total energi yang dipergunakan oleh industri pangan dan pertanian diserap untuk proses ini. Mengingat semakin terbatasnya sumber energi bahan bakar minyak maka usaha diversifikasi dan optimasi energi untuk pengeringan perlu terus diteliti dan dikembangkan. Salah satunya adalah pemanfaatan energi surya sebagai sumber energi terbarukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji penggunaan energi untuk pengeringan kakao dengan memakai pengering energi surya dan pengering tipe bak, serta untuk mengetahui efisiensi pengeringan dari masing-masing tipe pengering. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa efisiensi total sistem pengeringan alat pengering surya berkisar antara 36% dan 46%, sedangkan pengering tipe bak antara 21.7% dan 33.1%. Kebutuhan energi spesifik alat pengering surya berkisar antara 6.17-7.87 MJ/kg, sedangkan alat pengering tipe bak 8.58-13.63 MJ/kg. Efisiensi alat pengering dipengaruhi oleh tingkat iradiasi surya dan jumlah beban pengeringan, semakin tinggi iradiasi yang diterima pengering serta semakin banyak biji kakao yang dikeringkan, maka efisiensi pengeringan juga semakin tinggi dan kebutuhan energi spesifik semakin turun.Keywords: energy, efficiency, cocoa, solar dryer, bin-type dryer.

Thin-Layer Mathematical Modeling of Turmeric in Indirect Natural Conventional Solar Dryer

2020 ◽  
Vol 142 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Masnaji R. Nukulwar ◽  
Vinod B. Tungikar
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Modeling ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Thin Layer ◽  
Air Velocity ◽  
Drying Time ◽  
Sun Drying ◽  
Solar Dryer ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Drying Efficiency ◽  
Kinetics Of

Abstract The objective of this study is to find an optimized thin-layer mathematical model suitable for drying kinetics of turmeric. Turmeric has a high moisture content which necessitates effective drying. A 10 kg, sample batch, of turmeric was dried in a solar dryer. Drying air temperatures and air velocity were observed in the range of 55 °C–68 °C and 0.7 m/s–1.4 m/s, respectively, in the drying experiments. It is seen that the moisture content of the turmeric is reduced from 77% to 11.93% in 22 h when compared with open sun drying, which required 60 h for the same reduction in the moisture content. Scheffler dish was used to generate steam for the dryer. Seven thin-layer mathematical models, cited in the literature, had been used for the study. These models were applied for different trays placed in the dryer. The result of the research and experimentation showed that the Page model fits best for drying in the steam-based dryer and open sun drying. Experimental results showed 63.33% saving in drying time, and the drying efficiency was found as 29.85%. Uncertainty in the drying efficiency was observed as 0.67%. Experimental investigation and the findings from the mathematical modeling are presented in this paper.

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