scholarly journals PREVENTIVE CARDIOLOGY, PRECLINICAL DIAGNOSES: OLD PROBLEMS – NEW APPROACHES

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-8
Author(s):  
T.V. Ashcheulova ◽  
O.A Kochubiei O.A ◽  
T.G. Ovrakh
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Inflammatory Markers ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Preventive Cardiology ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Novel Approaches ◽  
New Guidelines

PREVENTIVE CARDIOLOGY, PRECLINICAL DIAGNOSES: OLD PROBLEMS – NEW APPROACHESAshcheulova T.V., Kochubiei O.A., Ovrakh T.GThe article discusses the new Guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice (2016) which summarized novel approaches of detection of such risk factors as overweigh, obesity, abdominal obesity, smoking, dyslipidemia (cholesterolemia, triglyceridemia), blood pressure (BP) levels, glucose, insulin, insulin resistance, inflammatory markers, such as c-reactive protein, which can be widely used in practice.KeyWords: Cardiovascular disease, preventive cardiology, risk assessment and stratification, strategy for prevention of cardiovascular diseases. ПРЕВЕНТИВНА КАРДІОЛОГІЯ, ДОКЛІНІЧНА ДІАГНОСТИКА: СТАРІ ПРОБЛЕМИ - НОВІ ПІДХОДИАщеулова Т.В., Кочубєй О.А., Оврах Т.Г. У статті розглядаються нові рекомендації з профілактики серцево-судинних захворювань в клінічній практиці (2016 г.), що узагальнюють нові підходи виявлення таких факторів ризику, як надмірна маса тіла, ожиріння, абдомінальне ожиріння, куріння, дисліпідемія (холестеринемія, тригліцеридемія),  артеріальний тиск (АТ), рівень глюкози, інсуліну, резистентність до інсуліну, запальні маркери, такі як С-реактивний білок, які можуть знайти широке застосування у практичній охороні здоров’я.Ключові слова: Серцево-судинні захворювання, профілактична кардіологія, оцінка і стратифікація ризику, стратегія профілактики серцево-судинних захворювань. ПРЕВЕНТИВНАЯ КАРДИОЛОГИЯ, ДОКЛИНИЧЕСКАЯ ДИАГНОСТИКА: СТАРЫЕ ПРОБЛЕМЫ - НОВЫЕ ПОДХОДЫАщеулова Т.В., Кочубей О.А., Оврах Т.Г. В статье рассматриваются новые рекомендации по профилактике сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний в клинической практике (2016 г.), обобщены новые подходы выявления таких факторов риска, как избыточная масса тела, ожирение, абдоминальное ожирение, курение, дислипидемия (холестеринемия, гипертриглицеридемия), повышение артериального давления, уровень глюкозы, инсулина, резистентность к инсулину, маркеры воспаления, такие как С-реактивный белок, которые могут найти широкое применение в практическом здравоохранении.Ключевые слова: сердечно-сосудистые заболевания, профилактическая кардиология, оценка и стратификация риска, стратегия профилактики сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний. 

C-reactive protein, insulin resistance and risk of cardiovascular disease: a population-based study

2008 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 594-598 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jørgen Jeppesen ◽  
Tine W. Hansen ◽  
Michael H. Olsen ◽  
Susanne Rasmussen ◽  
Hans lbsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Hazard Ratio ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Standard Deviation Increase ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Reactive Protein

Background C-reactive protein (CRP), a marker of inflammation, and insulin resistance (IR), a metabolic disorder, are closely related. CRP and IR have both been identified as significant risk factors of cardiovascular disease (CVD) after adjustment for conventional CVD risk factors. It is not clear whether CRP predicts CVD independent of IR. Design Prospective population-based study. Methods Two thousand three hundred and fifty-seven Danish men and women, recruited from the general population, aged 41–72 years, without major CVD at baseline were studied. Traditional and new risk factors were recorded at baseline. CRP was determined by a high-sensitivity assay, and IR was determined by the homoeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR) method. Results Over a median follow-up of 9.4 years, the incidence of the prespecified CV event, defined as the composite event of CV death, nonfatal ischaemic heart disease and nonfatal stroke, amounted to 222 cases. In Cox proportional-hazard models, adjusted for age, sex, smoking habit, total cholesterol, waist circumference, levels of triglycerides and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, systolic and diastolic blood pressures, physical activity and HOMA-IR, the hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) of a CV event was 1.33 (1.14–1.55; 0.001) per standard deviation increase in log-transformed CRP level. In the same model, the hazard ratio of a CV event was 1.11 (1.02–1.21; P < 0.05) per standard deviation increase in HOMA-IR level. Conclusion In a general Danish population free of major CVD at baseline, both CRP and IR were significantly related to risk of CVD.

scholarly journals Circadian Misalignment Increases C-Reactive Protein and Blood Pressure in Chronic Shift Workers

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 154-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher J. Morris ◽  
Taylor E. Purvis ◽  
Joseph Mistretta ◽  
Kun Hu ◽  
Frank A. J. L. Scheer
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Shift Workers ◽  
Circadian Misalignment ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Hs Crp

Shift work is a risk factor for inflammation, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease. This increased risk cannot be fully explained by classical risk factors. Shift workers’ behavioral and environmental cycles are typically misaligned relative to their endogenous circadian system. However, there is little information on the impact of acute circadian misalignment on cardiovascular disease risk in shift workers, independent of differences in work stress, food quality, and other factors that are likely to differ between night and day shifts. Thus, our objectives were to determine the independent effect of circadian misalignment on 24-h high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP; a marker of systemic inflammation) and blood pressure levels—cardiovascular disease risk factors—in chronic shift workers. Chronic shift workers undertook two 3-day laboratory protocols that simulated night work, comprising 12-hour inverted behavioral and environmental cycles (circadian misalignment) or simulated day work (circadian alignment), using a randomized, crossover design. Circadian misalignment increased 24-h hs-CRP by 11% ( p < 0.0001). Circadian misalignment increased 24-h systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) by 1.4 mmHg and 0.8 mmHg, respectively (both p ≤ 0.038). The misalignment-mediated increase in 24-h SBP was primarily explained by an increase in SBP during the wake period (+1.7 mmHg; p = 0.017), whereas the misalignment-mediated increase in 24-h DBP was primarily explained by an increase in DBP during the sleep opportunity (+1.8 mmHg; p = 0.005). Circadian misalignment per se increases hs-CRP and blood pressure in shift workers. This may help explain the increased inflammation, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease risk in shift workers.

scholarly journals Direct Versus Calculated LDL Cholesterol and C-Reactive Protein in Cardiovascular Disease Risk Assessment in the Framingham Offspring Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (9) ◽  
pp. 1102-1114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroaki Ikezaki ◽  
Virginia A Fisher ◽  
Elise Lim ◽  
Masumi Ai ◽  
Ching-Ti Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Cox Regression Analysis ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Standard Risk

AbstractBACKGROUNDIncreases in circulating LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) concentrations are significant risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD). We assessed direct LDL-C and hsCRP concentrations compared to standard risk factors in the Framingham Offspring Study.METHODSWe used stored frozen plasma samples (−80 °C) obtained after an overnight fast from 3147 male and female participants (mean age, 58 years) free of CVD at cycle 6 of the Framingham Offspring Study. Overall, 677 participants (21.5%) had a CVD end point over a median of 16.0 years of follow-up. Total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), HDL cholesterol (HDL-C), direct LDL-C (Denka Seiken and Kyowa Medex methods), and hsCRP (Dade Behring method) concentrations were measured by automated analysis. LDL-C was also calculated by both the Friedewald and Martin methods.RESULTSConsidering all CVD outcomes on univariate analysis, significant factors included standard risk factors (age, hypertension, HDL-C, hypertension treatment, sex, diabetes, smoking, and TC concentration) and nonstandard risk factors (non-HDL-C, direct LDL-C and calculated LDL-C, TG, and hsCRP concentrations). On multivariate analysis, only the Denka Seiken direct LDL-C and the Dade Behring hsCRP were still significant on Cox regression analysis and improved the net risk reclassification index, but with modest effects. Discordance analysis confirmed the benefit of the Denka Seiken direct LDL-C method for prospective hard CVD endpoints (new-onset myocardial infarction, stroke, and/or CVD death).CONCLUSIONSOur data indicate that the Denka Seiken direct LDL-C and Dade Behring hsCRP measurements add significant, but modest, information about CVD risk, compared to standard risk factors and/or calculated LDL-C.

scholarly journals The impact of obesity on cardiovascular disease risk factor

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arun Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
The World

Obesity has emerged as the most potential cardiovascular risk factor and has raised concern among public and their health related issues not only in developed but also in developing countries. The Worldwide obesity occurrence has almost has gone three times since 1975. Research suggests there are about 775 million obese people in the World including adult, children, and adolescents. Nearly 50% of the children who are obese and overweight in Asia in are below 5 years. There is a steep incline of childhood obesity when compared to 1971 which is not only in developed countries but also in developing countries. A considerable amount of weight gain occurs during the transition phase from adolescence to young adulthood. It is also suggested that those adultswho were obese in childhood also remained obese in their adulthood with a higher metabolic risk than those who became obese in their adulthood. In India, the urban Indian female in the age group of 30-45 years have emerged as an 〝at risk population” for cardiovascular diseases. To understand how obesity can influence cardiovascular function, it becomes immense important to understand the changes which can take place in adipose tissue due to obesity. There are two proposed concepts explaining the inflammatory status of macrophage. The predominant cause of insulin resistance is obesity. Epidemiological and research studies have indicated that the pathogenesis of obesity-related metabolic dysfunction involves the development of a systemic, low-grade inflammatory state. It is becoming clear that targeting the pro-inflammatory pathwaymay provide a novel therapeutic approach to prevent insulin resistance, particularly in obesity inducedinsulin resistance. Some cost effective interventions that are feasible by all and can be implemented even in low-resource settings includes - population-wide and individual, which are recommended to be used in combination to reduce the greatest cardiovascular disease burden. The sixth target in the Global NCD action plan is to reduce the prevalence of hypertension by 25%. Reducing the incidence of hypertension by implementing population-wide policies to educe behavioral risk factors. Reducing cigarette smoking, body weight, blood pressure, blood cholesterol, and blood glucose all have a beneficial impact on major biological cardiovascular risk factors. A variety of lifestyle modifications have been shown, in clinical trials, to lower bloodpressure, includes weight loss, physical activity, moderation of alcohol intake, increased fresh fruit and vegetables and reduced saturated fat in the diet, reduction of dietary sodium intake, andincreased potassium intake. Also, trials of reduction of saturated fat and its partial replacement by unsaturated fats have improved dyslipidaemia and lowered risk of cardiovascular events. This initiative driven by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, State Governments, Indian Council of Medical Research and the World Health Organization are remarkable. The Government of India has adopted a national action plan for the prevention and control of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) with specific targets to be achieved by 2025, including a 25% reduction inoverall mortality from cardiovascular diseases, a 25% relative reduction in the prevalence of raised blood pressure and a 30% reduction in salt/sodium intake. In a nutshell increased BMI values can predict the nature of obesity and its aftermaths in terms inflammation and other disease associated with obesity. It’s high time; we must realize it and keep an eye on health status in order to live long and healthy life.

scholarly journals Influence of methyltestosterone postmenopausal therapy on plasma lipids, inflammatory factors, glucose metabolism and visceral fat: a randomized study

2006 ◽  
Vol 154 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lenora M Camarate S M Leão ◽  
Mônica Peres C Duarte ◽  
Dalva Margareth B Silva ◽  
Paulo Roberto V Bahia ◽  
Cláudia Medina Coeli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Visceral Fat ◽  
Increased Risk

Background: There has been a growing interest in treating postmenopausal women with androgens. However, hyperandrogenemia in females has been associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Objective: We aimed to assess the effects of androgen replacement on cardiovascular risk factors. Design: Thirty-seven postmenopausal women aged 42–62 years that had undergone hysterectomy were prospectively enrolled in a double-blind protocol to receive, for 12 months, percutaneous estradiol (E2) (1 mg/day) combined with either methyltestosterone (MT) (1.25 mg/day) or placebo. Methods: Along with treatment, we evaluated serum E2, testosterone, sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), free androgen index, lipids, fibrinogen, and C-reactive protein; glucose tolerance; insulin resistance; blood pressure; body-mass index; and visceral and subcutaneous abdominal fat mass as assessed by computed tomography. Results: A significant reduction in SHBG (P < 0.001) and increase in free testosterone index (P < 0.05; Repeated measures analysis of variance) were seen in the MT group. Total cholesterol, triglycerides, fibrinogen, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure were significantly lowered to a similar extent by both regimens, but high-density lipoprotein cholesterol decreased only in the androgen group. MT-treated women showed a modest rise in body weight and gained visceral fat mass relative to the other group (P < 0.05), but there were no significant detrimental effects on fasting insulin levels and insulin resistance. Conclusion: This study suggests that the combination of low-dose oral MT and percutaneous E2, for 1 year, does not result in expressive increase of cardiovascular risk factors. This regimen can be recommended for symptomatic postmenopausal women, although it seems prudent to perform baseline and follow-up lipid profile and assessment of body composition, especially in those at high risk of cardiovascular disease.

Hypothyroidism and cardiovascular system

2016 ◽  
Vol 94 (7) ◽  
pp. 497-503 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. F. Verbovoy ◽  
Lyudmila A. Sharonova ◽  
O. V. Kosareva ◽  
N. I. Verbovaya ◽  
Yu. A. Dolgikh
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Vitamin D3 ◽  
Thyroid Dysfunction ◽  
Myocardial Remodeling ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
The Relationship

The article presents data on the relationship between thyroid dysfunction and cardiovascular diseases. The role of dyslipidemia, adipokines (adiponectin, leptin, resistin), C-reactive protein, deficiency of vitamin D3 in the development of cardiovascular disease in hypothyroidism is discussed. The article describes characteristics of myocardial remodeling, its dysfunction and their correlation with risk factors of cardiovascular diseases in patients with hypothyroidism.

scholarly journals Relationship between C-Reactive Protein and Cardiovascular Diseases in Patient with ESRD

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-99
Author(s):  
Md Abdullah Al Mamun ◽  
Mohammad Mirazul Hasan ◽  
Fazla Alahi Khan ◽  
Momtaz Hossain ◽  
Syed Mahbub Morshed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Fisher Exact Test ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Total Study Population ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Esrd Patients

Background- Cardiovascular mortality is significantly higher in ESRD patient.There are various risk factors for development of cardiovascular diseases including traditional risk factors, factors unique to ESRD patients and emerging risk factors.It is believed that their combined actions are integrated in the progression of atherosclerosis and inflammation plays a central role. C-reactive protein is a valuable marker of inflammation. Determination of serum creactive protein levels may be a useful predictor of cardiovascular diseases in ESRD patients Objective-To find out relationship between c-reactive protein and cardiovascular diseases. Methods- This cross sectional study was carried out into department of Nephrology, Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Bangladesh following fulfillment of inclusion and exclusion criteria. For analytical purpose total study population were divided into two groups on the basis of creactive protein level. Patients having c-reactive protein £6 mg/L were considered as group A and >6 mg/L were considered as Group B. The differences between groups were analyzed by unpaired t-test, fisher’ exact test or chi-square (X2) test. Multivariable regression analysis was done to see the association between c-reactive protein and cardiovascular diseases. Results- Patients with raise c-reactive protein have significantly higher cardiovascular disease than that of normal c-reactive protein. Multivariable linear regression analysis after adjusting for age, sex, smoking and diabetes shows that subject with CRP £6 mg/L vs >6 mg/L had 1.51 (95% CI 1.02 to 2.19) times increase risk of having cardiovascular disease. Conclusion- Inflammatory process has a role in development of cardiovascular diseases in ESRD patient. J Shaheed Suhrawardy Med Coll 2020; 12(2): 95-99

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