The composition and safety of food products

2020 ◽  
pp. 26-31
Author(s):  
A. Lisitsyn ◽  
O. Rosental ◽  
I. Chernukha ◽  
N. Vostrikova
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Maximum Permissible Concentration ◽  
Random Variables ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Combined Effects ◽  
Level Of Risk

A method for evaluating the multifactorial risk of dangerous products entering the market based on the theory of random variables is proposed. The calculations are made on the example of assessing the risk of entering the market of products containing several heavy metals, which belong to the number of their dangerous pollutants. Special attention is paid to that the level of risk should be assessed by considering the combined effects of all pollutants, even if the concentration of each of them is lower than the maximum permissible concentration.

scholarly journals Use of Post-Extraction Fir Wood Greenery Residues by the Bioconversion Method with the Production of Feed Additives

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 272
Author(s):  
Olga O. Mamaeva ◽  
Elena V. Isaeva
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Maximum Permissible Concentration ◽  
Forest Resources ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Pleurotus Pulmonarius ◽  
Balsam Poplar ◽  
Fallen Leaves ◽  
Protein Feed

The effectiveness of forest resources depends on the comprehensiveness and rationality of their consumption and processing into finished products. This article discusses the problem of using solid fir wood greenery residues generated during the industrial production of essential oils. Bioconversion is considered to be the most promising use. The objective of this research was to study the chemical composition of bioconversion products of fir wood greenery-based substrates. The РР-3.2 strain of Pleurotus pulmonarius (Fr.) Quél was used as a biodestructor. In the process of bioconversion, the contents of polysaccharides and lignin substances is reduced to 38% and 28%, respectively. Up to 20% of protein accumulates in bioconversion products of fir wood greenery. The amount of nucleic acids is not more than 1.5 g per kg; the contents of heavy metals, such as mercury, cadmium, arsenic, and lead, do not exceed the maximum permissible concentration standards. The substrate weight loss reaches 15%. When fallen leaves and post-extraction poplar bud residues are added to the substrate, the substrate-destroying activity of fungi increases, and the protein content increases by 3%. The digestibility of products as a result of bioconversion increases 1.6–2.8 times depending on the substrate composition. The obtained data support the recommendation of post-fermented substrates based on fir wood greenery and balsam poplar biomass for use as a protein feed additive.

scholarly journals HYDROCHEMISTRY OF THE PYANJ TRANSBOUNDARY RIVER UPSTREAM, MIDDLE AND DOWNSTREAM AND THE CRITERION ITS USE FOR IRRIGATION

2021 ◽  
Vol 445 (1) ◽  
pp. 114-120
Author(s):  
I. Sh. Normatov ◽  
V.V. Goncharuk ◽  
N.A. Amirgaliev ◽  
A.S. Madibekov ◽  
A.I. Normatov
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Alkali Metals ◽  
Alkaline Earth ◽  
Maximum Permissible Concentration ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Transboundary River ◽  
Formation Zone

The water quality of the transboundary Pyanj River in the formation zone and along the riverbed before merging with another tributary of the transboundary Amu Darya River-the Vakhsh River was studied. The water quality on the upstream river corresponds to the very soft class (> 1.5 mmol/dm3) and in the middle and the downstream to the soft class (1.5-3.0 mmol/dm3). At the upper, middle and lower reaches of the Pyanj river the concentration of alkaline earth exceeds alkali metals (Ca2+ + Mg2+> Na+ + K+) at HCO3- > SO42- + Cl- and according to the Handa classification they are characterized by temporary rigidity. To assess the criterion of applicability of the Pyanj river water for irrigation the coefficient of sodium adsorption (SAC) was calculated for water samples from the upstream (Khorog), middle (Darvaz) and the downstream (Lower Pyanj) of the Pyanj river that were equal to 0.88; 1.07; 1.71, respectively. The SAC values for all water samples (from the upper, middle and lower reaches) of the Pyanj river indicate their good qualities for irrigation of agricultural land. The concentration of heavy metals in the Pyanj river is significantly lower than the maximum permissible concentration (MPC).

scholarly journals MONITORING OF SOILS CONTAMINATION OF SOME REGIONS OF THE REPUBLIC OF ARMENIA WITH HEAVY METALS

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 275-283
Author(s):  
G. A. Hambaryan ◽  
A. V. Santrosyan ◽  
Yu. R. Ishkhanyan
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Maximum Permissible Concentration ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Ecological Monitoring ◽  
Ecological Condition ◽  
Background Concentration ◽  
Climatic Zones ◽  
Paradoxical Situation ◽  
Maximum Permissible Concentrations ◽  
The Republic

The paper is devoted to the problems of soils contamination of some regions of the Republic ofArmenia and a city of Yerevan with heavy metals. The results of analyses of the selected soil tests for the purpose ofdefinition of their contamination degree with heavy metals are listed. The statistical data on the background concentration of heavy metals in various soil-climatic zones of the Republic of Armenia, not influenced with appreciable anthropogenous impact is also given. The comparative analysis on presence of polluting chemical elements in soil is carried out for the approved norms of maximum permissible concentration and background indicators. The authors consider possible negative influences on environment as a result of soils contamination, in particular on biological activity of soil and processes of its self-cleaning. It’s noticed that maximum permissible concentrations are mainly developed only from hygienic positions which do not consider the variety ofsoils, in particular, their properties. As an example there are described the results of soils researches of some regions of the Republic of Armenia and there is noticed that a paradoxical situation arises when background contents toxic elements in soils exceed the established values of maximum permissible concentration. In the paper there is arisen the question on necessity of working out and introducing in practice ecological monitoring of the system of tentatively permissible quantity of chemical elements in soil, taking into account background concentration of heavy metals in various soil-climatic zones. Introduction of the specified system will allow reasonably and, what very important, reliably to estimate an ecological condition of soils and to define the influence of contamination on qualitative characteristics of soil as a result of anthropogenous influence.

scholarly journals ДИНАМІКА ЗАБРУДНЕННЯ ВОД СІЛЬСЬКОГОСПОДАРСЬКОГО ПРИЗНАЧЕННЯ ВАЖКИМИ МЕТАЛАМИ

2014 ◽  
pp. 58-62
Author(s):  
В. В. Коваль ◽  
С. О. Кучерявий ◽  
В. О. Наталочка ◽  
В. М. Нечитайло ◽  
О. Г. Фесенко
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Organic Farming ◽  
Natural Waters ◽  
Maximum Permissible Concentration ◽  
Salt Content ◽  
Ecological Status ◽  
Technological Design ◽  
State Technological

Наведено результати досліджень вмісту солейважких металів у природних водоймах Полтавськоїобласті. Підкреслюється, що одним із забруднювачіввододжерел є хімізація сільського господарства. До-слідження проводились у 2008–2012 роках на базіПолтавського обласного державного проектно-технологічного центру охорони родючості ґрунтів іякості продукції. Результати їх показали, що пере-вищень ГДК не спостерігається, отже, є передумовидля ведення в регіоні екологічного землеробства. Од-нак необхідною передумовою цього є наявністьоб’єктивної інформації щодо агроекологічного стануґрунтових і водних ресурсів, а також впровадженняекологічно безпечних технологій вирощування сільсь-когосподарських культур. The research results of the salt content of heavy metals in natural waters of the Poltava region have been shown. It is emphasized that one of the pollutants of water sources is chemicalization of agriculture. The studies were conducted in 2008-2012 on the basis of the Poltava Regional State Technological Design Center to protect soil fertility and quality. The results of studies showed that overrunning of maximum permissible concentration is not observed, therefore, there are prerequisites for doing organic farming in the region. However, a prerequisite to this is the availability of objective information concerning the agro-ecological status of groundwater and water resources, as well as the introduction of environmentally friendly technologies of growing crops.

scholarly journals Estimation of the Seasonal Variability of the Content of Heavy Metal Compounds in the River Waters of the Foothill Zone of the Central

2020 ◽  
pp. 68-81
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
River Water ◽  
Seasonal Variability ◽  
Maximum Permissible Concentration ◽  
Metal Compounds ◽  
River Waters ◽  
Central Caucasus ◽  
Term Data

Based on long-term data, the seasonal variability of the content of heavy metal compounds in the water of the rivers of the foothills of the Central Caucasus – the Terek, Malka, Baksan, Ardon, Cherek, and Urukh – was estimated.Generalizing studies affecting the regional characteristics of the level of hazardous heavy metals in the river waters of the foothill zone of the Central Caucasus have not been carried out over many years. Therefore, the objective of the study was to assess the level of hazardous compounds of heavy metals (Cr, Ni, Mo, Mn, Zn, Pb) in the water of the Terek, Malka, Baksan, Ardon, Cherek and Urukh rivers at 6 observation points located in the foothill zone of the Central Caucasus, for the period from 2005 to 2018. In the analysis, the atomic absorption method using the MGA-915M electrothermal atomizer was used. The level of heavy metal compounds in river water was evaluated by such characteristics as the long-term average and median concentrations, the range of concentration fluctuations, and the frequency of exceeding the maximum permissible concentration. An analysis of long-term data for the period 2005-2018 on the study of the level of heavy metal compounds in the water of the Baksan, Malka, Urukh, Terek, Cherek and Ardon rivers in the foothill zone of the Central Caucasus shows that river water pollution to a greater extent occurs in summer rain flood . The revealed levels of heavy metal compounds in river water over the long-term period under study, as well as the frequency of exceeding the maximum permissible concentration, are illustrated by graphs. The results obtained may be relevant in the development of regional water quality indicators.

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