scholarly journals Statistical Analysis of X-ray Images and Laboratory Studies of COVID-19 Patients

2021 ◽  
pp. 10-16
Author(s):  
Enrique SÁNCHEZ-TORRECITAS ◽  
Juan Israel YAÑEZ-VARGAS ◽  
Joel QUINTANILLA-DOMÍNGUEZ ◽  
José Gabriel AGUILERA-GONZÁLEZ
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Study ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Statistical Process ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Area Of Interest ◽  
Box And Whisker Plot ◽  
Whisker Plot ◽  
Selection Of Patients ◽  
Selection Of

The large increase in COVID-19 cases that continue occurring in Mexico has generated the need to learn more about the damage caused by this virus, for which it has been proposed to carry out a statistical study of the 164 ray images database X and 29 laboratory studies provided by the Salamanca State Center for Critical Care (CECCS) of patients diagnosed with COVID-19 and not COVID-19, the purpose is to analyze if there is any correlation between X-rays and laboratory studies. First, the entire database was organized by patient, both for X-ray and laboratory studies. Afterwards, the statistical process of the laboratory studies was carried out. Subsequently, we worked on the selection of patients with a greater number of X-rays, segment of these the area of the lungs, since it was our area of interest. In these radiographs, the statistical process of entropy and box-and-whisker plot is performed. Finally, the results of some laboratory studies are correlated with the entropy and box-and-whisker plot results.

Typical errors when performing intraoral periapical x-rays, and their effect on image quality

2020 ◽  
pp. 36-44
Author(s):  
A.P. Arzhantsev
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Image Quality ◽  
Digital Image ◽  
Cone Beam ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Post Processing ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Periapical Radiography

During the study, intraoral periapical images were analyzed in 300 patients. The possibilities of using the methods of radiography and their influence on the quality of the obtained x-ray images were studied. The intraoral periapical radiography was compared with the results of orthopantomography and cone beam computed tomography. To identify the features of the mapping of zones of periapical destruction, 47 experimental x-ray studies were performed on skeletonized jaws with artificial defects in cortical plates. Often encountered errors are: an arbitrary choice of angles of inclination and the centration of the x-ray tube, the wrong location of the x-ray receiver in the patient's mouth, inaccurate installation or poor fixation of the patient's head, inefficient selection of physical and technical conditions of shooting, non-compliance with the conditions of the photo process with analog radiography or post-processing and printing digital image. The characteristic projection distortions of images resulting from these errors are analyzed and illustrated.

Safely Precautions for Bronchoscopic CO2 Laser Surgery

1986 ◽  
Vol 95 (2) ◽  
pp. 242-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
James A. Duncavage ◽  
Robert H. Ossoff
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Laser ◽  
Laser Surgery ◽  
Tracheobronchial Tree ◽  
Careful Selection ◽  
Tumor Vascularity ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Malignant Lesions ◽  
Selection Of Patients ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Special Instrumentation

Certain safety precautions are necessary in the performance of CO2 laser bronchoscopy. These include special instrumentation and careful selection of patients. Assessment of tumor vascularity is mandatory because of the limited hemostasis provided by the CO2 laser. The x-ray film evaluation of the integrity of the tracheobronchial tree—for treatment that involves the palliation of obstructing malignant lesions—is outlined.

scholarly journals Radiosensitization by Gold Nanoparticles: Impact of the Size, Dose Rate, and Photon Energy

Nanomaterials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 952 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirill V. Morozov ◽  
Maria A. Kolyvanova ◽  
Maria E. Kartseva ◽  
Elena M. Shishmakova ◽  
Olga V. Dement’eva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gold Nanoparticles ◽  
Dose Rate ◽  
Photon Energy ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
X Rays ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Complex Dependence ◽  
Pbr322 Plasmid ◽  
First Time ◽  
Selection Of

Gold nanoparticles (GNPs) emerged as promising antitumor radiosensitizers. However, the complex dependence of GNPs radiosensitization on the irradiation conditions remains unclear. In the present study, we investigated the impacts of the dose rate and photon energy on damage of the pBR322 plasmid DNA exposed to X-rays in the presence of 12 nm, 15 nm, 21 nm, and 26 nm GNPs. The greatest radiosensitization was observed for 26 nm GNPs. The sensitizer enhancement ratio (SER) 2.74 ± 0.61 was observed at 200 kVp with 2.4 mg/mL GNPs. Reduction of X-ray tube voltage to 150 and 100 kVp led to a smaller effect. We demonstrate for the first time that the change of the dose rate differentially influences on radiosensitization by GNPs of various sizes. For 12 nm, an increase in the dose rate from 0.2 to 2.1 Gy/min led to a ~1.13-fold increase in radiosensitization. No differences in the effect of 15 nm GNPs was found within the 0.85–2.1 Gy/min range. For 21 nm and 26 nm GNPs, an enhanced radiosensitization was observed along with the decreased dose rate from 2.1 to 0.2 Gy/min. Thus, GNPs are an effective tool for increasing the efficacy of orthovoltage X-ray exposure. However, careful selection of irradiation conditions is a key prerequisite for optimal radiosensitization efficacy.

Drift-Corrected High Magnification Elemental X-Ray Mappng

2000 ◽  
Vol 6 (S2) ◽  
pp. 418-419
Author(s):  
M. Kawasaki ◽  
F. Hosokawa ◽  
G. Fritz ◽  
N. Kale
Keyword(s):  
Local Analysis ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Chemical Mapping ◽  
Materials Properties ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Energy Filtering ◽  
Area Of Interest ◽  
Point Analysis ◽  
Higher Dimensional ◽  
Chemical Distribution

Chemical analysis in a TEM has usually been done as a manual point analysis by forming a probe of an appropriate size for the area of interest. This type of local analysis may provide enough information from the selected area, but these days when materials properties are found to be deeply dependent on chemical distribution, one needs to do a higher dimensional analysis using a systematic line scan or mapping.Since the advent of the Field Emission Gun (FEG), chemical mapping using X-rays (EDS mapping) or inelastic scattered electrons (Energy Filtering mapping) has become more and more commonly used due to the extremely high resolution information available in the chemical map. Compared to the energy filtered mapping, EDS maps take longer to acquire due to the use of the scanned probe over the area but EDS mapping allows a wider choice of elements to map due to the wider energy range it covers.

scholarly journals CBCT's Cone Beam Computed Tomography

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Sahithya Kailash
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Panoramic Radiography ◽  
Cone Beam ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
X Ray ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Area Of Interest ◽  
Multiplanar Imaging ◽  
Dimensional Reconstruction

Dental X- Rays are important for diagnosing and treating patients by helping to detect oral health issues when they can't be detected by visual or physical examination alone. Dental X-Ray take a much closer look and provide valuable information in the area of interest. Though 2 Dimensional X-Ray and Panoramic radiography can predict diagnosis in number of clinical cases, certain situations demand multiplanar imaging, one such technology is CBCT. CBCT is a specialised 3Dimensional Craniofacial imaging in which 3 Dimensional reconstruction is possible. The final reconstructed image produced, reveals multilayer images in 3 orthogonal planes (coronal, sagittal and transverse) This article focuses on CBCT and its applications in various fields of dentistry.

PULMONARY TB

2006 ◽  
Vol 13 (04) ◽  
pp. 647-650
Author(s):  
FAISAL NAVEED AKHTAR ◽  
WARIS ALI RANA ◽  
SAJJAD AHMAD ANSARI ◽  
Imad Ahmed Toor
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Yield ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Sampling Procedure ◽  
Sputum Smear ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Pulmonary Tb ◽  
Smear Negative ◽  
Selection Of Patients ◽  
Selection Of

Objective: To determine the diagnostic yield of microscopy of endobronchialsecretions collected by bronchoscopy in patients who were suspected to have pulmonary TB but their sputum smearwas negative for AFB with ZN staining. Study Design: Descriptive study. Place and Duration of Study: At MilitaryHospital Rawalpindi from June 2004 to May 2005. Subjects and Methods: Fifty patients were included in the study.Convenience sampling technique of non-probability sampling procedure was used for the selection of patients. Onlythose patients suspected to have pulmonary TB on clinical grounds, raised ESR and X-rays chest showing pulmonaryinfiltrates but sputum smear negative for AFB on a minimum of three examinations were included in the study.Bronchoscopy of these patients was done, endobronchial secretions taken and sent for microscopy for AFB. Results:Out of 50 patients, 16(32%) patients were positive for AFB while 34(68%) were negative on endobronchial secretion’smicroscopy. Conclusion: Microscopy of endobronchial secretions collected by bronchoscopy is a useful technique inthe diagnosis of pulmonary TB in patients who are suspected to have pulmonary TB but their sputum smear is negativefor AFB with ZN staining.

scholarly journals X-ray of seeds in breeding of berry crops

2019 ◽  
pp. 143-149
Author(s):  
E. P. Bezukh ◽  
N. N. Potrakhov
Keyword(s):  
Detailed Examination ◽  
Quality Characteristics ◽  
X Rays ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Berry Crops ◽  
Hybrid Seeds ◽  
Selection Of

The article is devoted to the use of x-rays to determine the quality of hybrid seeds of berry crops such as raspberries, blackberries, strawberries, strawberry, blueberries, red currants and gooseberries. All examinations were performed with the use of x-ray equipment PRB-02. For detailed examination of small seeds, an x-ray microscope RM-01 was used. It was revealed that even visually full-fledged seeds of berry crops have internal hidden defects, such as rotting of the seed, detachment of the shell from the cotyledons and failure. Microfocus radiography of the seeds of gooseberries and currants showed that the shells of these seeds reacted poorly to x-ray irradiation in the sense that the outlines of the cotyledons and the embryo had no clearly defined boundaries. The method of microfocus radiography can be successfully applied in the selection of berry crops to determine the quality characteristics of seeds and their viability.

scholarly journals The Interpretation of Spectra, Polarization, and Directivity of Solar Hard X-Rays

1975 ◽  
Vol 68 ◽  
pp. 245-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
John C. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Emission ◽  
Theoretical Description ◽  
Thick Target ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Fast Electrons ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Electron Spectra ◽  
Bremsstrahlung Emission ◽  
Flare Process ◽  
Selection Of

The importance of interpretation of hard X-ray burst spectra, polarisation and directivity to the flare process as a whole is emphasised. After critically reviewing observations of these and related burst characteristics, the problems of analytic and numerical inversion of the X-ray spectrum to give the flare electron spectrum are discussed and it is concluded that electron spectra cannot be accurately and unambiguously inferred from their bremsstrahlung emission. Consideration of directional, albedo, and model-dependent effects, on the other hand, shows that none of the X-ray data are at present inconsistent with a power-law electron acceleration spectrum.Characteristics of thick-target, thin-target and electron-trap models of hard X-ray sources are discussed quantitatively and their ability to fit the observations is examined. Selection of a satisfactory model is precluded by lack of both sufficient observations and of adequate theoretical description of models. Nevertheless, it is suggested that redistribution of the flaring atmosphere and the effects of collective energy losses may reconcile even behind-the-limb burst observations and interplanetary electron spectra with a thick-target description (which fits other data well). This is attractive since a thick-target X-ray source makes the minimal demand on flare energy. Even a thick-target, however, requires an embarrassingly large number and energy of fast electrons. Therefore the review is completed by discussing how these requirements might be reduced if thermal emission extended to hard X-ray energies or if multiple reacceleration of electrons occurred.

X-Ray Fluorescence Analysis of Stainless Steels and Low Alloy Steels Using Secondary Targets and the Exact Program

1978 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. 325-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Harmon ◽  
G.E.A. Wyld ◽  
T. C. Yao ◽  
J. W. Otvos
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steels ◽  
Fluorescence Analysis ◽  
Low Alloy Steels ◽  
X Rays ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Fundamental Parameters ◽  
Alloy Steels ◽  
Computer Based ◽  
Low X ◽  
Selection Of

Exact is a mini-computer based fundamental parameters program which is utilized for matrix corrections in energy-dispersive X-ray analyses. We have previously shown this technique to work well with radioactive sources. However, due to the limited selection of isotopic sources available and their inherent low X-ray flux, we have investigated the use of Fe, Sn, and Dy secondary-targets as sources of monochromatic X-rays. Results to date indicate that the secondary-targets provide X-ray radiation which has sufficient monochromaticity for our technique to remain valid.

scholarly journals Diabetic Neuropathy: A Clinical and Neuropathological Study of 107 Patients

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
David S. Younger
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Neuropathy ◽  
Peripheral Nerve ◽  
Nerve Biopsy ◽  
Immunomodulatory Therapy ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Selection Of Patients ◽  
Selection Of

One hundred seven patients were retrospectively studied from 1992 to 2002 with diabetic neuropathy that underwent peripheral nerve biopsy. Nerve biopsy revealed the underlying histopathology, including cell and humoral-mediated immunological lesions in the majority of patients. When combined with clinical and laboratory studies, nerve biopsy has the potential to assist in the selection of patients who may benefit from immunomodulatory therapy.

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