scholarly journals OSTEOARTHRITIS – А MODERN CONCEPT OF ETIOLOGY AND PATHOGENESIS

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-43
Author(s):  
L. Sapundzhiev ◽  
Tanya Sapundzhieva ◽  
K. Klinkanov
Keyword(s):  
Disease Process ◽  
Modern Concept ◽  
Synovial Joints ◽  
The World ◽  
Active Disease ◽  
Progressive Course

Osteoarthritis (ОА) is a disease of synovial joints, damaging all the structures of the articular apparatus with a chronic progressive course, resulting in an articular dysfunction. The modern concepts present OA as a “disease of the entire organism”  – an active disease process, determined by a group of factors –systemic (genetic, neuro-humoral, hormonal) and local ( biomechanical. These factors are “general” for the  development of OA, but of different extent of significance in the different articular locations. In the descriptive review are presented the modern concepts of the role and the interaction between the different factors, concerning the aetiology and pathogenesis of the disease. Also a lot of data, referring to the incidence and prevalence of OA all over the world and in our region are pointed out.

Healthcare apps on smartphones available in Brazil: a preliminary classification (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
André De Faria Pereira Neto ◽  
Leticia Barbosa ◽  
Rodolfo Paolucci
Keyword(s):  
Health Promotion ◽  
Disease Prevention ◽  
Digital Health ◽  
Disease Process ◽  
World Health ◽  
Computing Device ◽  
Care Treatment ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Applications

UNSTRUCTURED Billions of people in the world own a smartphone. It is a low-cost, portable computing device with countless features, among which applications stand out, which are programs or software developed to meet a specific goal. A wide range of applications available ranging from entertainment and personal organization to work and education is available currently. It is a vast and profitable market. Health applications have been a means of intervention for different areas, including chronic diseases, epidemics, and health emergencies. A recently published paper in the journal with the highest impact factor in Digital Health (“Journal of Medical Internet Research”) proposes a classification of health applications. This study performs a critical analysis of this organization and presents other sort criteria. This paper also presents and analyzes the “Meu Info Saúde” (“My Health Info”) app – a pioneering government initiative focused on primary care launched by the Oswaldo Cruz Foundation. The application classification proposal that will be presented builds on the intervention strategies in the health-disease process, namely: “Health Promotion”, “Disease Prevention” and “Care, Treatment and Rehabilitation”, as defined by official documents such as the World Health Organization and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Most applications present in the sample are of private and foreign origin, free to download, but with a display of ads or the sale of products and services. The sampled applications were classified as “Health Promotion”, and some applications have also been categorized as “Disease Prevention” or “Care, Treatment or Rehabilitation” because they have multiple functionalities. The applications identified as “Health Promotion” focused only on individuals’ lifestyle and their increased autonomy and self-care management capacity. From this perspective, the apps analyzed in this paper differ from the “Meu Info-Saúde” application developed at Fiocruz.

Human capital in the new development strategy of Russia

2021 ◽  
pp. 410-423
Author(s):  
Konstantin Konstantinovich Kolin
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Development Strategy ◽  
Socioeconomic Development ◽  
Innovation System ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Modern Concept ◽  
National Human ◽  
The World ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Main Components

The article analyzes the modern concept of human capital and its role in the socioeconomic development of society. The structure of human capital in Russia and the state of its main components have been studied. The necessity of creating mechanisms for significantly more effective use of the intellectual potential of scientific and educational institutions of the country, as well as of the formation of a national innovation system, is shown. It is demonstrated that according to the World Bank estimates, today the national human capital in developing countries accounts for more than half of their national wealth, and in the developed countries of the world – for about 70-80%. Thus, human capital is now considered as the most important economic category, the importance of which will significantly increase in the 21st century. The author believes that it is advisable to use the positive experience of the functioning of such a system in China.

scholarly journals THE IDEA OF FRANCHISE AS A MODERN CONCEPT OF ENTERPRISE MANAGEMENT: THE EXPERIENCE OF POLAND

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (Vol 19, No 2 (2020)) ◽  
pp. 265-282
Author(s):  
Stanisław SZMITKA
Keyword(s):  
Code Of Ethics ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Enterprise Management ◽  
Modern Concept ◽  
Legal Regulations ◽  
Industrial Property ◽  
Consumer Rights ◽  
The World ◽  
European Code ◽  
The Law

Over the years, the franchise has become an attractive model for the sale of products and services, as well as a means of developing the franchisor’s business. Franchising systems around the world have become very popular among franchisees, who receive an already proven cost-effective business model in exchange for payments, purchases and other services from the franchisor. These systems also bring intangible benefits in the form of encouraging the promotion of entrepreneurship in society. Polish franchise legislation has systematic nature and is based on the Civil Code, the Law on Industrial Property, the Law on Combating Unfair Competition, the Law on Protection of Competition and Consumer Rights, the Law on Copyright and Related Rights, European Code of Ethics for Franchising. Taking into account the legal regulations, the mechanism of the Polish model of franchising is revealed and the newest forms of its use in business activity are distinguished.

Nature

1965 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Evdokimov
Keyword(s):  
Image Of God ◽  
Central Position ◽  
Direct Relation ◽  
Biblical Narrative ◽  
The World ◽  
The Image Of God ◽  
Progressive Course

The biblical narrative describes the progressive course of creation ending with man. Man appears as its culmination, as a centre on which all the planes of the world converge, a ‘microcosm’. But, ‘created in the image of God’ he is also, according to the Fathers, a ‘microtheos’. This central position of man explains the normative subjection of nature to man as to its cosmic logos, as to one of its multiple hypostases. Man ‘cultivates’ nature, gives a name to creatures and things, ‘humanises’ them. His direct relation with the Creator is constitutive of his being.

The Two Manias: A Study of the Evolution of the Modern Concept of Mania

1981 ◽  
Vol 138 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward Hare
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Modern Concept ◽  
Dementia Praecox ◽  
Sixth Edition ◽  
Present Essay ◽  
Manic Depressive ◽  
Almost Everywhere ◽  
The World ◽  
Functional Psychoses ◽  
First Time

In the year 1899 there occurred an event which has had great consequence for psychiatry. This was the publication of the sixth edition of Emil Kraepelin's textbook, where he introduced for the first time his distinction between manic-depressive insanity and dementia praecox. It was a distinction which rapidly became accepted almost everywhere in the world, and it still forms the basis of our thinking about the nature of the functional psychoses. Kraepelin's concept of mania was quite different from the concept of mania held during most of the nineteenth century; and so, historically speaking, there are two manias, more or less sharply separated by the Kraepelinian revolution. The purpose of the present essay is to give some account of the term mania in its pre-Kraepelinian sense and of the events which led Kraepelin to his new concept; and also (in Part II) to put forward a new idea of why this revolution came about.

scholarly journals The modern concept of special economic zones in Ukraine

2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (52) ◽  
pp. 85-94
Author(s):  
Viacheslav Liashenko ◽  
Iryna Pidorycheva ◽  
Ivan Mytsenko ◽  
Nataliia Chebotarova
Keyword(s):  
Modern Concept ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Special Economic Zones ◽  
Technological Diversification ◽  
Smart Specialisation ◽  
World Markets ◽  
The World ◽  
Innovative Products ◽  
Strategic Goals ◽  
Economic Zones

Abstract The article deals with special economic zones as a tool of state policy of countries seeking to attract foreign investment and ensure economic growth. The aim of the article is to substantiate the new concept of special economic zones of Ukraine as stimulating regulatory regimes aimed at attracting innovative investments and developing new industries based on the smart specialisation of regions and trends in the world economy. The regime is presented as a system of incentives and benefits, mandatory conditions and restrictions, and seeks to increase the investment attractiveness and technological diversification of the economy of the regions and the country as a whole. Each component of the regime has been classified, taking into account best practices of other countries and the strategic goals of Ukraine regarding the need to ensure sustainable and innovative development and to enter the world markets as a manufacturer of high-tech innovative products.

scholarly journals Glyceryl Tribenzoate: A Food Additive with Unique Properties to Be a Substitute for Cinnamon

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Neurodegenerative Disorders ◽  
Sodium Benzoate ◽  
Food Packaging ◽  
Disease Process ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis ◽  
The World ◽  
Ceylon Cinnamon ◽  
Recent Laboratory ◽  
Experimental Autoimmune

Cinnamon is a regularly used natural seasoning and flavouring material throughout the world for eras. Recent laboratory studies have demonstrated that oral cinnamon may be beneficial for different neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative disorders such as multiple sclerosis (MS), Parkinson’s disease (PD), Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and Lewy body diseases (LBD). However, cinnamon’s certain limitations (e.g. unavailability of true Ceylon cinnamon throughout the world, impurities in ground cinnamon, etc.) have initiated an interest among researchers to find an alternate of cinnamon that can potentially deliver the same efficacy in the diseases mentioned above. Glyceryl tribenzoate (GTB) is a U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved flavoring ingredient that is used in food and food packaging industries. It has been found that similar to cinnamon, oral GTB is capable of upregulating regulatory T cells and suppressing the autoimmune disease process of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, an animal model of MS. Moreover, both GTB and cinnamon metabolite sodium benzoate (NaB) have the potency to attenuate neurodegenerative pathology in a mouse model of Huntington disease (HD). Here, we have also demonstrated anti-inflammatory property of GTB in astrocytes and macrophages, a property that is also seen with cinnamon and its metabolite sodium benzoate (NaB). Therefore, here, we have made a sincere attempt to discuss the similarities and dissimilarities between cinnamon and GTB with a focus whether GTB has the potential to be considered as a substitute of cinnamon for neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative disorders.

scholarly journals Bilateral neglected Blount’s disease in an adult patient: a rare case report

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 1215
Author(s):  
Rahul Temani ◽  
Hemeshwar Harshvardhan ◽  
Ashwini Kumar Khicher ◽  
Priyanka Bansal
Keyword(s):  
Rare Case ◽  
Disease Process ◽  
Varus Deformity ◽  
Female Child ◽  
Tibial Torsion ◽  
Tibia Vara ◽  
Blount’S Disease ◽  
Obese Female ◽  
The World ◽  
Rare Case Report

<p class="abstract">Blount’s disease is more common in Afro-Caribbean, obese, female child. Early walking have been associated with the disease process. Adult patients with Blount’s disease who received no treatment previously, are rarely reported across the other parts of the world and hence less discussed. The treatment of neglected cases of Blount’s disease often requires correction of varus deformity, internal tibial torsion and medial plateau depression. We are reporting one such patient seen at our hospital. A skeletally mature, obese (BMI 43.2), male patient with bilateral tibia vara was operated for hemi-plateau elevation combined with a valgus osteotomy. Fixation was achieved with plate and staples. Surgical correction of one such patient is technically demanding and more complicated. If left untreated , the main risk is premature osteoarthritis.</p>

scholarly journals The WHO guideline on drugs to prevent COVID-19: small numbers- big conclusions

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 71
Author(s):  
William HK Schilling ◽  
James J Callery ◽  
Arjun Chandna ◽  
Raph L Hamers ◽  
James A Watson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Disease Process ◽  
World Health ◽  
Drug Discontinuation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Randomised Controlled ◽  
Poor Tolerability ◽  
Who Guideline

The World Health Organization living guideline on drugs to prevent COVID-19 has recently advised that ongoing trials evaluating hydroxychloroquine in chemoprophylaxis should stop. The WHO guideline cites “high certainty” evidence from randomised controlled trials (RCTs) that hydroxychloroquine prophylaxis does not reduce mortality and does not reduce hospital admission, and “moderate certainty” evidence of poor tolerability because of a significantly increased rate of adverse events leading to drug discontinuation. Yet there is no such evidence. In the three pre-exposure chemoprophylaxis RCTs evaluated in the guideline there were no deaths and only two COVID-19-related hospital admissions, and there was a mistake in the analysis of the number of discontinuations (after correction there is no longer a statistically significant difference between those taking the drug and the controls). Guidelines on the prevention and treatment of COVID-19 should be based on sufficient verified evidence, understanding of the disease process, sound statistical analysis and interpretation, and an appreciation of global needs.

scholarly journals The WHO guideline on drugs to prevent COVID-19: small numbers- big conclusions

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 71
Author(s):  
William HK Schilling ◽  
James J. Callery ◽  
Arjun Chandna ◽  
Raph L Hamers ◽  
James A Watson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Disease Process ◽  
World Health ◽  
Drug Discontinuation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Randomised Controlled ◽  
Poor Tolerability ◽  
Who Guideline

The World Health Organization (WHO) living guideline on drugs to prevent COVID-19 has recently advised that ongoing trials evaluating hydroxychloroquine in chemoprophylaxis should stop. The WHO guideline cites “high certainty” evidence from randomised controlled trials (RCTs) that hydroxychloroquine prophylaxis does not reduce mortality and does not reduce hospital admission, and “moderate certainty” evidence of poor tolerability because of a significantly increased rate of adverse events leading to drug discontinuation. Yet there is no such evidence. In the three pre-exposure chemoprophylaxis RCTs evaluated in the guideline there were no deaths and only two COVID-19-related hospital admissions, and there was a mistake in the analysis of the number of discontinuations (after correction there is no longer a statistically significant difference between those taking the drug and the controls). Guidelines on the prevention and treatment of COVID-19 should be based on sufficient verified evidence, understanding of the disease process, sound statistical analysis and interpretation, and an appreciation of global needs. The WHO living guideline on the prevention of COVID-19 should retract the advice to stop research on hydroxychloroquine chemoprophylaxis, should correct its errors, and should revise its guidance.

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