scholarly journals The arboreal microsnail Pupisoma dioscoricola (C. B. Adams, 1845) from West Bengal, India: morphology, plant preferences and distribution

2021 ◽  
pp. 148-157
Author(s):  
Himangshu Barman ◽  
Pranesh Paul ◽  
Gautam Aditya
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
West Bengal ◽  
Shell Height ◽  
Species Distribution Modelling ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
Shell Size ◽  
Apical Angle ◽  
Mango Tree

The microsnails (Mollusca: Gastropoda), featured by miniscule size (adult shell size < 5mm), are little explored among the Indian terrestrial malacofauna. In the present study, the morphological features, host plant preference and predicted distribution of the arboreal microsnail Pupisoma dioscoricola (C. B. Adams, 1845) (Gastropoda: Valloniidae) are characterized from West Bengal, India. The shell features were highly correlated and showed a positive correlation with body weight. The apical angle of the shell of P. dioscoricola was negatively correlated with shell height and body weight and revealed a typical value, indicative of the arboreal adaptations. The toothless pupa snail P. dioscoricola exhibited a greater preference for the mango tree over China rose, Bengal quince, Indian mahogany and coconut as a host plant. The results of the species distribution modelling suggested that cultivated or managed vegetation and annual precipitation might be the most influential factors for its distribution. Although the present study is a pioneer effort to describe the plant preferences and the morphological features of the microsnail P. dioscoricola, further studies should be carried out to decipher the functional roles and conservation management of such an apparently cryptic organism.

Ecophenotypic plasticity in shell growth direction of asari clam Ruditapes philippinarum

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Takeshi Tomiyama
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Shell Growth ◽  
Shell Height ◽  
Growth Direction ◽  
Ruditapes Philippinarum ◽  
Shell Morphology ◽  
Individual Growth ◽  
Shell Size ◽  
Internal Factors ◽  
Suitable Habitats

Abstract Asari clam (or Manila clam) Ruditapes philippinarum is an important bivalve for local fisheries. This species exhibits a large variation in shell morphology, and the shell roundness tends to be greater in more unsuitable habitats. To test whether the increments in shell size parameters (length, height and width) were affected solely by environmental conditions or by internal factors such as initial shell shapes or growth rate, a field caging experiment was conducted at two different sites of unsuitable and suitable habitats in Matsukawaura Lagoon, Japan, where shell shapes of wild clams were significantly different between the habitats. In the experiment, clams were released from the two sites to the same site or to the other site and were re-collected after 3, 6 and 12 months of caging. Caged clams originating from unsuitable habitats and released to suitable habitats showed a reduction in shell height relative to shell length, while clams from suitable habitats introduced to unsuitable habitats showed marked increases in both shell height and width. Generalized linear mixed models suggested that the increase in shell height was affected largely by the release habitat (environment) whereas the increase in shell width was affected largely by the individual growth rate. These results suggest that marginal growths in shell height and width respond differently to external and internal factors of clams, resulting in plasticity in their shell shapes according to the environments to which they are translocated.

A geometric analysis of growth in gastropod shells, with particular reference to turbinate forms

1983 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 777-797 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. U. K. Ekaratne ◽  
D. J. Crisp
Keyword(s):  
Conversion Factor ◽  
Shell Height ◽  
Geometric Analysis ◽  
Logarithmic Spiral ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Relative Magnitude ◽  
Shell Shape ◽  
Growth Band ◽  
Apical Angle ◽  
Image Position

Nucella lapillus and Littorina littorea afford examples of turbinately coiled shells with no space between the columella and the inner face of the whorls. Three constants are sufficient to determine the form of such shells: λ, the ratio between diameters of successive whorls; β, the semi-apical angle and ρ, the ratio of aperture length and breadth in the apertural plane passing through the axis. The variation of these three constants with size was examined and shown to be relatively small and insignificant in Nucella, but in Littorina it was significant.For Nucella and Littorina these shell characteristics were used to relate for the nth whorl, the length along the shell spiral (ln) to the shell height (Hn), the latter being the measure usually employed in growth studies. This relation was derived mathematically and confirmed empirically aswhere α is the angle of the logarithmic spiral given by α = tan−1 2π sin β/loge λ. The increased resolution of the micro-growth band increments, which are measured along the shell spiral was directly related to the ln:Hn ratios.Since the formula for the ln/Hn ratio (= shell conversion factor) includes λ, β and ρ, the three constants necessary to determine shell form in turbinately coiled shells of the type described, the shell conversion factor may be a better index of shell shape than indices based on a single constant. In species where the shell grows isometrically this ratio will remain constant, whereas changes in shell shape with size will influence this ratio. Such changes in shell shape during growth can be quantified in terms of the shell constants and when included in calculating the shell conversion factor, will show the relative magnitude of shell shape changes brought about by growth. The shell conversion factor may also be used to study the effects of ecological variations on the geometry of the shell.The conical shell of the limpet, Patella vulgata, is geometrically a much simpler system in which direct shell measurements were used to relate length along the direction of maximum growth to the antero-posterior diameter of aperture.

scholarly journals Effects of proportional high-protein/low-carbohydrate formulated diet consumption in diabetic rats: Beneficial impact on glycemic and weight control

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (07) ◽  
pp. 16984-16996
Author(s):  
MMC Anyakudo ◽  
◽  
DO Adeniji ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Formulated Diet ◽  
Low Carbohydrate ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
And Control

The metabolic response to nutrient ingestion and the rate of digestion and absorption of nutrient molecules in bowel physiology plays an important role in the metabolic control of some human chronic non-infectious diseases. This experimentally-controlled designed nutritional study which lasted eight weeks aimed to determine the effects of proportional high-protein/low-carbohydrate (HP/LC) formulated diet on glycemic tolerance, glycemic control, body weight, organ weight and organ morphometry in healthy and diabetic adult male Wistar rats. Twenty-four male Wistar rats purchased from a disease-free stock were randomly categorized into four groups (n = 6, each) after two weeks acclimatization period in raised stainless steel cages with 6 mm2mesh floor and replaceable numbered blotters papers placed under each cage in a well-ventilated animal house. Animal groups include: Healthy control group (HC), Healthy treated group (HT), Diabetic control group (DC) and Diabetic treated group (DT. The animals were fed according to the experimental design with water ad libitumfor eight weeks. Diabetes was inducted with freshly prepared alloxan monohydrate solution (150 mg/kg bw, intraperitoneally). Body weights and fasting blood sugar concentrations were measured twice weekly, while oral glucose tolerance test was conducted on the last day of the eighth-week study and subsequently followed by organs extraction after anesthesia for weight and gross assessment. Proportional high-protein/low-carbohydrate formulated diet caused significant reduction in mean body weight of treated diabetic (DT: 22.6%; P= .001) and healthy (HT: 5.8%; P= .007) rats while the control animals on control diet recorded significant (P< .05) increase in body weight gain (DC: 12.4%; HC: 11.2%). Glycemic tolerance and control improved significantly in diabetic treated rats over that of the healthy treated rats. Gross morphometry of the extracted organs (kidneys, liver, heart, lungs, spleen and testes) revealed sustained normal morphological features without any visible lesion. In conclusion, consumption of proportional high-protein/low-carbohydrate formulated diet enhanced body weight reduction and sustained normal organ morphological features with good glycemic tolerance and control in experimental rats, suggesting its dietary potentiality, safety and suitability to ameliorate obesity-related diabetes.

scholarly journals Some Morphological Variations in The Land Snail Monacha cantiana (Montagu,1803) within Baghdad Province

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Baghdad Science Journal
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Shell Height ◽  
Calcium Content ◽  
Land Snail ◽  
Shell Morphology ◽  
Shell Size ◽  
Aperture Diameter ◽  
Morphological Variations ◽  
Shell Diameter ◽  
Soil Calcium

The present work includes investigation of some features of shell morphology; shell size, shell thickness, shell colour of the land snail Monacha cantiana, in addition to the correlation between height and diameter of shell and between shell aperture diameter and shell diameter at four sites within Baghdad Province, Iraq. Also, measurements of three environmental variables were made; soil temperature, soil moisture and soil calcium content in adition to population density. Shell Aperture Index (Ia) and Shell Index (SI) for individuals from size class ranged between (9-12)mm were measured. The results showed that the deference in shell size by using (Ia) within population related to temperature, moisture and population density but, the value of Shell Index decreased in AL-Kadhimiya site (0.81-0.97) due to increase in population density. The species was characterized by shell colour variation (creamy white, white ,creamy). Also, The results showed strong and positive correlation between shell height and diameter and between shell aperture diameter and shell diameter for all size classes.

A biophysical investigation on the relationships between the inputs of meal quantity percentage, carbs/sugar amount, and exercise, along with the outputs of postprandial plasma glucose, and body weight using GH-Method: Math-physical medicine (No. 295)

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
Research Note ◽  
Physical Medicine ◽  
Postprandial Plasma Glucose ◽  
The Relationship

This research note describes the author’s investigation on differences among his three meals, which include breakfast, lunch, and dinner, in terms of their influential factors and their respective PPG data and waveforms. He further described the relationship between his body weight and meal quantity percentage for his normal portion. During this period, from 5/5/2018 to 7/14/2020, he collected detailed information of his 2,403 meals and ~64,000 glucose data.

Hypertension and kidney function in an adult population of West Bengal, India: Role of body weight, waist circumference, proteinuria and rural area living

Nephrology ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
pp. 798-807 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maurizio Gallieni ◽  
Bogdan Ene-Iordache ◽  
Angela Aiello ◽  
Benedetta Tucci ◽  
Valeria Sala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Rural Area ◽  
Kidney Function ◽  
West Bengal ◽  
Adult Population

The influence of host-plant on the development of the adult brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) (Hemiptera: Delphacidae), and its significance in migration

1983 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. E. Padgham
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Rice Variety ◽  
Brown Planthopper ◽  
Nilaparvata Lugens ◽  
Susceptible Variety ◽  
Resistant Variety ◽  
Residual Body ◽  
Nymphal Stage ◽  
Nilaparvata Lugens Stål

AbstractThe development of adults of Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) reared on one susceptible and one resistant variety of rice plants of different ages was compared. Throughout the range of plants tested there was an overall trend for the newly moulted adult to synthesise and store a reserve of lipid and to lose most of the stored glycogen accumulated during the nymphal stage. N. lugens has two wing morphs, and whilst lipid deposits were greatest in the macropterous ‘migrant’ males, in females it was the brachypterous ‘reproductive’ insects that had the highest lipid deposits and also the greatest residual body weight. However, because of their lower body weight, the macropterous females had the greater percentage of lipid. Both flight willingness and the percentage of macropterous females showing flight-orientated physiological development increased with the age of the host-plant. Both survival and migration potential were lower in insects reared on the resistant rice variety compared to those reared on the susceptible variety. The pattern of post-flight resynthesis of fuels suggests that more than one major migration is unlikely.

scholarly journals Investigating the Influential Factors on Body Weight and Its Impact on Glucoses Using GH-Method: Math-Physical Medicine (No. 327)

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Gerald C Hsu ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
Pearson Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Physical Medicine ◽  
Degree Of Association

The author attempts to identify three major and two secondary influential factors of body weight along with its impact on six different glucose components using Pearson correlation coefficient “R” of statistics to calculate different degree of association between two datasets. This investigation utilized the daily weight and glucose data in conjunction with six lifestyle details, including food, exercise, water, sleep, and weather temperature, during a period of ~6 years from 1/1/2015 to 9/11/2020

scholarly journals The morphological changes in placentas in women with deficit of bodyweight in combination with anemia, pyelonephritis and gestosis (Message II)

1998 ◽  
Vol 47 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 46-49
Author(s):  
M. F. Dodhoeva ◽  
V. N. Parusov
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
Brain Circulation ◽  
Normal Children ◽  
Small Weight ◽  
Compensatory Reactions

The morphological features of placenta are investigated in the women with a deficit of body weight in a combination with anemia (22), pyelonephritis (10) and gestosis (9). At specified conditions a significant involutive-dystrophical processes on a background of 100 % поп-ready placentas are accompanied by maximum realization of compensatory reactions, which promoted birth of normal children, but with small weight of a body at urgent labor and high frequency of development in them of brain circulation disturbances.

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