scholarly journals Biological pollution of the flora of Volyn’ Polissya in Ukraine by alien plants

Botanica ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 69-76
Author(s):  
Vitaliy VOLODYMYRETS ◽  
Larisa OYTSIUS ◽  
Serhiy HUTSMAN ◽  
Lyubov SAVCHUK
Keyword(s):  
Alien Plants ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Oenothera Biennis ◽  
Alien Plant ◽  
Reynoutria Japonica ◽  
Native Flora ◽  
The Past ◽  
Bidens Frondosa ◽  
Biological Pollution

This study aimed to analyse biological pollution of the native flora of Volyn’ Polissya in Ukraine by alien plant species. According to the research results, 364 alien plants belonging to 228 genera and 68 families were identified in the spontaneous flora of Volyn’ Polissya. The spectrum of the most species-rich families of the alien fraction of the region’s flora includes Asteraceae, Brassicaceae, Poaceae, Rosaceae, Chenopodiaceae, Fabaceae, Lamiaceae, Solanaceae, Caryophyllaceae. As a result of the phytopollution, at least 16 families were included in the region’s flora. Four species currently in a stage of expansion were identified (Reynoutria japonica, Impatiens parviflora, Echinocystis lobata, Bidens frondosa). By origin, the species of the alien fraction of the region’s flora are dominated by the immigrants from the Mediterranean, Iranian-Turan and Atlantic-North American floristic regions. Over the past 30–50 years, at least 80 new species of alien plants have been introduced into the territory of Volyn’ Polissya. Over the past 5–7 years, the speed of the spread and naturalisation rate of species such as Quercus rubra, Asclepias syriaca, Parthenocissus quinquefolia, Prunus cerasifera, Hippophae rhamnoides, Oenothera biennis has increased. These species intensively invade the native plant communities. Phytopollution of Volyn’ Polissya is promoted by the migration of alien species from agricultural lands and escaping from cultivation. This process is also facilitated by urbanisation and the development of transport infrastructure.

Gebietsfremde Staudenknöteriche im Schweizer Wald – Auswirkungen und Massnahmen

2014 ◽  
Vol 165 (6) ◽  
pp. 150-157
Author(s):  
Esther Gerber ◽  
Urs Schaffner
Keyword(s):  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Plant Invasions ◽  
Classical Biological Control ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Japanese Knotweed ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Alien Plant ◽  
Reynoutria Japonica ◽  
Native Plant Species

Exotic knotweeds on Swiss forest sites: consequences and measures to take Natural areas in Switzerland are home to an increasing number of non-native plant species, so-called neophytes. Some are highly prolific, causing damage to the environment and the economy. Especially some species originally imported as ornamental plants have been accidentally introduced into forest habitats, where their spread has become increasingly problematic. Using the example of exotic knotweeds (Reynoutria spp., Syn Fallopia spp.), which are among the most aggressive neophytes in Europe, we outline potential consequences of alien plant invasions in forests and give management recommendations to mitigate their negative effects on native ecosystems. Management options discussed include mechanical, chemical and biological methods of control. In regard to the latter, Japanese knotweed (Reynoutria japonica) is of particular interest as there is an ongoing classical biological control project against this species in Great Britain.

scholarly journals The Rate of Regeneration of Native Plant Species After Eradication of Invasive Alien Plant Species (Acacia Decurrens Willd.) in the Limpopo Province, South Africa.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melford Mbedzi ◽  
Milingoni Peter Tshisikhawe ◽  
Sebataolo Rahlao ◽  
Innocent Ndidzulafhi Sinthumule
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Structural Diversity ◽  
Alien Plants ◽  
Limpopo Province ◽  
Permanent Plots ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Invasive Alien Plants ◽  
Alien Plant ◽  
Native Plant Species ◽  
Invasive Alien Plant

Abstract Riparian invasive alien plants are known to compete with native plant species for water, space, daylight, and different other resources by decreasing structural diversity of native vegetation and subsequently changing the functioning of the ecosystem. The aim of this study was to investigate the rate of native plant species recolonization after the eradication of A. decurrens. The investigation was done in the Waterberg District Municipality, Limpopo Province in a farm, which is highly infested with A. decurrens. Twenty-four permanent plots of 10 m x 10 m were constructed and the A. decurrens individuals in the plots were removed and the area was monitored for a period of 2 years. The size of quadrats was based on the size and distribution of the invasive alien plants which develop in an aggregated form and have exceptionally small canopies.

scholarly journals UHPLC Analysis of Reynoutria japonica Houtt. Rhizome Preparations Regarding Stilbene and Anthranoid Composition and Their Antimycobacterial Activity Evaluation

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1809
Author(s):  
Fabian Alperth ◽  
Lena Melinz ◽  
Johannes-Paul Fladerer ◽  
Franz Bucar
Keyword(s):  
Antimycobacterial Activity ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Major Constituent ◽  
Alien Plant ◽  
Reynoutria Japonica ◽  
Invasive Alien Plant ◽  
Native Flora ◽  
Fresh Plant Material ◽  
Quantitative Analyses ◽  
Simple Extraction

Reynoutria japonica Houtt. is a critical invasive alien plant in Europe and North America with a drastic impact on native flora. However, R. japonica has medicinal potential, especially as a source of stilbenes. In order to explore the potential of simple extractions of R. japonica, we conducted qualitative and quantitative analyses of fresh R. japonica rhizome infusion, decoction, and macerates with ethanol by UHPLC-DAD-ESI-MSn and UHPLC-DAD, with a focus on major constituent groups of stilbenes and anthranoids. Since R. japonica rhizome extracts showed antimicrobial potential in the past, we also evaluated the antimycobacterial effect of raw R. japonica extracts for the first time against Mycobacterium smegmatis. Of thirty-four characterized substances, six were stilbenes and twelve anthranoids. The main constituents, four trans-stilbenes and eight anthranoids, were quantified in a validated UHPLC-DAD method. The 38% ethanol macerate showed high stilbene (155.078 mg/100 g fluid extract) and low anthranoid content (5.420 mg/100 g fluid extract), while decoction showed the highest anthranoids. Antimycobacterial testing gave good results for all macerates (MIC 256 µg/mL) and trans-resveratrol (64 µg/mL). Extraction and enrichment of stilbenes from fresh plant material by simple extraction methods with food-grade solvents might encourage consideration of wild harvest of rhizomes over classic means of eradication of R. japonica.

scholarly journals A COMPREHENSIVE INVENTORY AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF ALIEN PLANT INVASION IN MIZORAM, INDIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-154
Author(s):  
Rabishankar Sengupta ◽  
Sudhansu Sekhar Dash
Keyword(s):  
Native Species ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Alien Plants ◽  
Alien Plant ◽  
Form Analysis ◽  
Native Flora ◽  
Traditional Medicines ◽  
Extensive Field ◽  
Central National Herbarium ◽  
Origin Life

Invasion by alien plants has a detrimental effect on the natural forest plant community, leading to the loss of native species. An inventory of alien plants facilitates in determining the potential threats to the natural plant biodiversity. This present paper evaluates the alien plants in Mizoram (an Indo-Burma hotspot region) and provides the first authentic inventory of alien plants of Mizoram along with their diversity, ecological aspects, origin, and status of invasion. Extensive field surveys were done during July 2018 to September 2019 in different protected areas of Mizoram. We adopted Random Sampling Technique using nested quadrats in a plot size of 400 m2 (20 m × 20 m), within which a quadrate size of 5 m × 5 m was laid for shrubs and 1 m × 1 m was laid for herbs. Plant specimens were collected, dried, poisoned with 0.1% Mercuric Chloride (MgCl2); voucher specimens were prepared and deposited in Central National Herbarium, Botanical Survey of India (CAL) after proper identification.The results revealed the occurrence of 163 alien plant species under 135 genera belonging to 51 families in Mizoram. Maximum species were represented by family Asteraceae with 29 species followed by Leguminosae (19 species), Convolvulaceae (9 species), Euphorbiaceae (7 species) and Amaranthaceae (7 species). The 57.66% of the alien species reported from Mizoram were of American origin followed by 11.65 % from African, 7.36% from Mexican and 5.52% from Australian origin. Life form analysis revealed the presence of 58.64 % herbs, 15.43 % trees and 9.87% shrubs. Out of the whole alien plants recorded, 91 species used in traditional medicines, 43 species as ornamental, 15 species were edibles, nine species used as timber and four species used as green manure. The study also recommends the ten most obnoxious species, five neo-invasive plants, which have the greatest potential threats to the native flora. The process and probable causes of invasion in the state were also discussed briefly, which may be utilized in the preparation of conservation or forest management policies.

scholarly journals Invasive alien plants in Polish national parks—threats to species diversity

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e8034 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Bomanowska ◽  
Wojciech Adamowski ◽  
Izabella Kirpluk ◽  
Anna Otręba ◽  
Agnieszka Rewicz
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
National Parks ◽  
Invasive Plants ◽  
National Park ◽  
Alien Plants ◽  
Alien Plant Species ◽  
Alien Plant ◽  
Reynoutria Japonica ◽  
Invasive Alien Plant

Due to the relevance of protected areas to the conservation of native biota, the magnitude of invasions and threats posed by alien plants are currently important issues for the preservation of these areas. The paper summarises data on invasive alien plant species presence in the most valuable protected areas in Poland, i.e. national parks (NPs). We investigated the distribution of invasive alien plant species and management attempts concerning those species. We analysed data obtained from 23 national parks originating from published and unpublished sources. Invasive plants were present in all protected areas analysed, from two to 42 species in a particular national park, and 68 in total. The most widely distributed species were: Impatiens parviflora (present in 19 NPs), I. glandulifera (17), Solidago gigantea (17), Reynoutria japonica (17), and Robinia pseudoacacia (16). The conducted analyses showed that the number of invasive species decreased with the higher altitude (asl) of the national park. The most often managed species were Impatiens glandulifera (being removed in seven NPs), I. parviflora (six), Padus serotina (four) and Quercus rubra (four). In the majority of NPs, control activities are limited to small areas and singular species, thus having an incidental character. Only in five objects (Białowieża NP, Biebrza NP, Kampinos NP, Tuchola NP, Wigry NP), management has been focused on several species. We conclude that a lack of comprehensive management of invasive plant species in the majority of national parks currently limits the effectiveness of IAS (invasive alien species) eradication. Exchange of expertise among protected areas, documenting best practice examples, synthesising lessons learnt in IAS management, as well as the development of minimum standards for invasive plants surveillance and management are pivotal.

scholarly journals Naturalized alien plants in Penza Region

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-22
Author(s):  
Vladimir Mikhailovich Vasjukov ◽  
Lyubov Alexandrovna Novikova
Keyword(s):  
Alien Species ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Alien Plants ◽  
Ambrosia Artemisiifolia ◽  
Impatiens Glandulifera ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Alien Plant ◽  
Lupinus Polyphyllus ◽  
Centaurea Diffusa ◽  
Bidens Frondosa

The paper deals with naturalized alien plants in Penza Region. There are 75 naturalized alien plant species in the flora of the Penza Region, the most dangerous for natural ecosystems of them are 10 transformers species ( Acer negundo , Bidens frondosa , Echinocystis lobata , Elaeagnus angustifolia , Elodea canadensis , Fraxinus lanceolata , Fraxinus pennsylvanica , Phalacrolomaseplentrionale , Salix euxina , Ulmus pumila ), 20 alien species, actively settled and invasive in semi-natural and natural habitats ( Amelanchier spicata , Conyza canadensis , Cuscuta campestris , Echinochloa crusgalli , Epilobium adenocaulon , Epilobium pseudorubescens , Geranium sibiricum , Heracleumsosnowskyi , Helianthus subcanescens , Hippopha rhamnoides , Impatiens glandulifera , Juncus tenuis , Malus domestica , Oenothera villosa s.l., Parthenocissus inserta , Phragmites altissimus , Sambucus racemosa , Sambucus sibirica , Solidago canadensis s.l., Xanthium albinum ), 45 alien species, invasive and settled at present in disturbed habitats ( Acroptilon repens , Amaranthus albus , Amaranthus blitoides , Amaranthus retroflexus , Ambrosia artemisiifolia , Ambrosiatrifida , Anisantha tectorum , Arrhenatherumelatius , Artemisia sieversiana , Atriplex tatarica , Bassia sieversiana , Berberisvulgaris , Cannabisruderalis , Caragana arborescens , Cardaria draba , Centaurea diffusa , Chamomilla suaveolens , Crataegus monogyna , Cyclachaena xanthiifolia , Elsholtzia ciliata , Galega orientalis , Galinsoga quadriradiata , Galinsoga parviflora , Grindelia squarrosa , Gypsophila perfoliata , Hordeum jubatum , Impatiens parviflora , Kali collina , Lepidium densiflorum , Leymusracemosus , Lolium perenne , Lupinus polyphyllus , Oenothera biennis , Oenothera rubricaulis , Onobrychisviciifolia , Populusbalsamifera , Portulaca oleracea , Robiniapseudoacacia , Senecio viscosus , Sisymbriumvolgense , Symphyotrichum salignum s.l., Symphytumcaucasicum , Typha laxmannii , Vinca minor , Xanthoxalis stricta ).

scholarly journals Effects of Environmental Factors and Alien Plant Invasion on Native Floral Diversity in Mt. Manunggal, Cebu Island, Philippines

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 390-402
Author(s):  
JAKE JOSHUA CHI GARCES ◽  
MARY JOYCE LAPA FLORES
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Plant Invasion ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Anthropogenic Disturbances ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Alien Plants ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Plant Abundance ◽  
Alien Plant ◽  
Floral Diversity

The status of native floral diversity in Mt. Manunggal, Cebu Island, the Philippines in relation to environmental factors and alien plant invasion has not been recorded and published. To assess factors influencing native plant communities in Mt. Manunggal, a vegetation survey of native and alien plants, as well as selected environmental variables at two sites (Site 1- invaded plot; Site 2- adjacent uninvaded plot) were measured, and anthropogenic disturbances observed using a t-test, regression analysis, and Pearson correlation. For each site, selected environmental parameters, as well as native and alien plant abundance and diversity, were determined last October-November, 2016. There was also a characterization of sites with respect to anthropogenic disturbances. Altitude (t= -14.11, p=0.000), soil temperature (t=2.68, p=0.014), and light intensity (t = -2.61; p=0.016) significantly differed between study sites due to the complex topography and geology of Mt. Manunggal, the variation in floral cover, and degree of anthropogenic activities. Among all environmental factors at both sites, altitude was highly positively correlated to alien plant abundance (r=0.709;p=0.000) at Site 1 while native plant abundance at Site 2 was negatively correlated with soil pH (r=-0.579;p=0.003).There was an apparent domination of alien plants in terms of species richness and abundance at both sites and this could have significantly affected native plant abundance. The strong correlation of environmental parameters to alien plant invasion could favor the continued dominance of alien plant species, resulting in a further decrease of native species.

Does the invasion of Northern Red Oak Quercus rubra in parkland influence the diversity of birds?

Biologia ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emilia Grzędzicka ◽  
Katarzyna Kowalik ◽  
Barbara Bacler-Żbikowska
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Coal Industry ◽  
Alien Plants ◽  
Forest Birds ◽  
Bird Diversity ◽  
Red Oak ◽  
Northern Red Oak ◽  
Alien Plant Species ◽  
Alien Plant

AbstractInvasive plants are non-native, but in most cases naturalised, species that have successfully spread outside of their native range. Aliens invaded all habitats, are competing with native plants, thus, after the direct destruction of habitats, invasions are recognised as the second largest danger for biodiversity. Northern Red Oak is one of the most common invasive tree species dispersed primarily by birds, but new studies have shown that it is also spread continuously in a forest stand. The main aim of our research was to check how strong is the invasion of Northern Red Oak in Silesia Park, where it was introduced together with other alien plant species, and how this invasion interacts with bird diversity. Silesia Park was created 65 years ago on the surface largely ravaged by coal industry. Because many studies indicate birds as vectors of alien plants invasion, we examined the bird fauna in a described area, looking for species that can contribute to spreading oaks. Research showed the diversity of 50 bird species. Surface with a presence of Northern Red Oak was characterised by greater participation of alien plant species than the patch of natural forest, which existed there long before the park creation. The greatest bird diversity was found in the most natural part of Silesia Park, and the lowest in the area of invasion, especially in the case of species classified as “forest birds”. The presence of alien plants increased number of “non-forest” birds, mostly synanthropic species. We also found that Northern Red Oak spreads by spontaneous seed dispersal.

Managing Alien Plants for Biodiversity Outcomes—the Need for Triage

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul O. Downey ◽  
Moira C. Williams ◽  
Leonie K. Whiffen ◽  
Bruce A. Auld ◽  
Mark A. Hamilton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biodiversity Conservation ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Alien Plants ◽  
Plant Management ◽  
Policy Reforms ◽  
Management Decisions ◽  
Alien Plant ◽  
Triage System

AbstractRecognition that alien plants pose a significant threat to biodiversity has not always translated into effective management strategies, policy reforms, and systems to establish priorities. Thus, many alien plant management decisions for the protection of biodiversity occur with limited knowledge of what needs to be protected (other than biodiversity in a generalized sense) or the urgency of actions. To rectify this, we have developed a triage system that enables alien plant management decisions to be made based on (1) the urgency of control relative to the degree of threat posed to biodiversity, compared with (2) the likelihood of achieving a successful conservation outcome as a result of alien plant control. This triage system is underpinned by a two-step approach, which identifies the biodiversity at risk and assesses sites to determine priorities for control. This triage system was initially developed to manage the threat posed by bitou bush to native species in New South Wales (NSW), Australia. It has subsequently been improved with the national assessment of lantana in Australia, and the adaptation from a single to multiple alien plant species approach on a regional scale. This triage system identifies nine levels of priority for alien plant management aimed at biodiversity conservation, ranging from immediate, targeted action to limited or no action. The development of this approach has enabled long-term management priorities to be set for widespread alien plants that are unlikely to be eradicated. It also enables control to occur in a coordinated manner for biodiversity conservation at a landscape scale, rather than as a series of individual unconnected short-term actions.

scholarly journals Critical factors that impact on the efficiency of the Lagos seaports

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Francis Ojadi ◽  
Jackie Walters
Keyword(s):  
Value Chain ◽  
Mixed Method ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
State Agencies ◽  
Mixed Method Research ◽  
Critical Factors ◽  
The Past ◽  
Container Depots ◽  
And Storage

Background: Since the past two decades, the Lagos seaports have experienced vessel and storage yard cargo congestion, resulting in dwell times of about 30 days for containerised imports and high trade logistics costs.Objectives: The purpose of this study was to identify the critical factors that impact the operational efficiency of the Lagos seaports with a view to improving liner trade activities.Method: The study adopted an operational-based approach to understand the dynamics of the various interfaces of the port value chain. The research paradigm adopted for the study was therefore a combination of constructivism and post-positivism paradigms, which entailed the exploration and understanding of the various stakeholders in the port value chain. The epistemology of the research relied on the use of the exploratory sequential mixed method research technique (i.e. the qualitative approach followed by the quantitative approach) at the operational level of port operations.Results: The result of the research showed that significant challenges exist and that some of these challenges cut across all functions of port operations. Challenges are experienced in the areas of corruption, trade fraud, transport infrastructure deficits, the absence of a supply chain culture and shortcomings in the execution of the ‘contract of customs’. Additionally, these factors include the deficiencies in services and facilities provided by state agencies and government-appointed service providers and private sector companies such as truckers, inland container depots, Inland Container Depots (ICDs) and terminal operators.Conclusion: Specific recommendations are made to address the issues identified which, if implemented, could significantly address the current inefficiencies observed in the Lagos seaport’s operations.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document