Nump and Possp in Dialectal Brazilian Portuguese

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 72-98
Author(s):  
Bruna Karla Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Minas Gerais ◽  
Brazilian Portuguese ◽  
Romance Languages ◽  
Number Agreement ◽  
Person Plural ◽  
Person Features ◽  
Plural Marking ◽  
Nominal Agreement ◽  
The One

In standard Brazilian Portuguese (BP), as well as in other Romance languages, possessives have uninterpretable number features, which are valued via nominal agreement. However, dialects of BP, especially the one spoken in Minas Gerais, have shown that 2nd person possessives, in postnominal position, do not have number agreement with the noun. In order to account for these facts, I will argue that, in this grammar, number features on 2nd person possessives are reanalyzed as being: (i) associated with the person (rather than the noun) and (ii) valued. From the frst postulation, ‘seu' is expected to be the possessive for 2nd person singular, and ‘seus' for 2nd person plural. From the second postulation, no number concord is expected to be triggered on the possessive. In addition, based on Danon (2011) and Norris (2014), I will argue that cardinals divide BP DPs into two domains in that phrases located above NumP are marked with the plural morpheme, while phrases below it are unmarked. In this sense, because prenominal possessives precede cardinals (NumP), they must be marked with the plural morpheme for nominal agreement; whereas postnominal possessives, which follow NumP, must be unmarked. Free from the plural marking associated with nominal agreement, postnominal 2nd person possessives favor the reanalysis of the morpheme ‘-s' as indicating the number associated with person features.

A sintaxe do português brasileiro

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (13) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
Charlotte Galves
Keyword(s):  
Brazilian Portuguese ◽  
The Other ◽  
Romance Languages ◽  
European Portuguese ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One

Resumo: Este texto retoma a distinção usualmente estabelecida entre Língua de Tópico-Comentário e Língua de Sujeito Predicado. Partindo da idéia de Eunice Pontes segundo a qual o Português do Brasil (PB) apresenta estruturas oracionais típicas das Línguas de organização Tópico-Comentário, tenta-se mostrar que é por ser uma Língua Tópico-Comentário que o PB se distingue do Português Europeu (PE) e das outras línguas românicas. Argumenta-se também que uma série de fenômenos sintáticos que distinguem o PB do PE podem ser explicados em termos desta distinção. Por fim, mostra-se que diferenças dialetais encontradas no PB poderiam ser facilmente explicadas se postularmos um sistema que caracterize o PB como uma língua de Tópico-Comentário.Abstract: This paper resumes the distinction usually made between Topic-Comment Languages and Subject-Predicate Languages. Based on Eunice Pontes' idea that Brazilian Portuguese presents sentence structures which are typical of Topic-Comment Languages, we try to show that this is the main difference between Brazilian Portuguese and European Portuguese on the one hand, and Brazilian Portuguese and other romance languages, on the other hand. Also, we argue that a series of syntactical phenomena which distinguish Brazilian Portuguese from European Portuguese can be accounted for on the basis of this main distinction. Finally, we show that dialectal differences which are found in Brazilian Portuguese could be easily explained if we devise a system that characterizes Brazilian Portuguese as a Topic-Comment Language.

Syncretism of plural forms in Spanish Dialects

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
María Mare
Keyword(s):  
Syntactic Structure ◽  
Person Plural ◽  
Person Features ◽  
Third Person ◽  
Lexical Items ◽  
First Person Plural ◽  
The Moment ◽  
The Third Person ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Spanish Dialects

Abstract One of the main discussions about the interaction between morphology and syntax revolves around the richness or poverty of features and wherever this richness/poverty is found either in the syntactic structure or the lexical items. A phenomenon subject to this debate has been syncretism, especially in theories that assume late insertion such as Distributed Morphology. This paper delves into the syncretism observed between the first person plural and the third person in the clitic domain in some Spanish dialects. Our analysis will lead to a revision of the distribution of person features and their relationship with plural number, while at the same time it will shed light on other morphological alternations displayed in Spanish dialects; that is, subject-verb unagreement and mesoclisis in imperatives. In order to explain the behavior of the data under discussion, I propose that lexical items are specified for all the relevant features at the moment of insertion, although the values of these features can be neutralized. I argue that the distribution proposed allows for some fundamental generalizations about the vocabulary inventories in Spanish varieties, and shows that the variation pattern exhibits an *ABA effect, i.e., only contiguous cells in a paradigm are syncretic.

scholarly journals Mineralogical and Geochemical Characterization of Gold Mining Tailings and Their Potential to Generate Acid Mine Drainage (Minas Gerais, Brazil)

Minerals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
Mariana Lemos ◽  
Teresa Valente ◽  
Paula Marinho Reis ◽  
Rita Fonseca ◽  
Itamar Delbem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acid Mine Drainage ◽  
Mine Drainage ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
Acid Mine ◽  
Fine Grain ◽  
Mineralogical Characteristics ◽  
Tailing Dams ◽  
The One ◽  
And Control

For more than 30 years, sulfide gold ores were treated in metallurgic plants located in Nova Lima, Minas Gerais, Brazil, and accumulated in the Cocoruto tailings dam. Both flotation and leaching tailings from a deactivated circuit, as well as roasted and leaching tailings from an ongoing plant, were studied for their acid mine drainage potential and elements’ mobility. Detailed characterization of both tailings types indicates the presence of fine-grain size material hosting substantial amounts of sulfides that exhibit distinct geochemical and mineralogical characteristics. The samples from the ongoing plant show high grades of Fe in the form of oxides, cyanide, and sulfates. Differently, samples from the old circuit shave higher average concentrations of Al (0.88%), Ca (2.4%), Mg (0.96%), and Mn (0.17%), present as silicates and carbonates. These samples also show relics of preserved sulfides, such as pyrite and pyrrhotite. Concentrations of Zn, Cu, Au, and As are higher in the tailings of the ongoing circuit, while Cr and Hg stand out in the tailings of the deactivated circuit. Although the obtained results show that the sulfide wastes do not tend to generate acid mine drainage, leaching tests indicate the possibility of mobilization of toxic elements, namely As and Mn in the old circuit, and Sb, As, Fe, Ni, and Se in the tailings of the plant that still works. This work highlights the need for proper management and control of tailing dams even in alkaline drainage environments such as the one of the Cocoruto dam. Furthermore, strong knowledge of the tailings’ dynamics in terms of geochemistry and mineralogy would be pivotal to support long-term decisions on wastes management and disposal.

Brazilian Colonial Art and the Decolonization of Art History

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Berbara
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Art History ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Early Modern Period ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
Early 19Th Century ◽  
Art Objects ◽  
Colonial Art ◽  
The One ◽  
The 19Th Century

There are at least two ways to think about the term “Brazilian colonial art.” It can refer, in general, to the art produced in the region presently known as Brazil between 1500, when navigator Pedro Álvares Cabral claimed the coastal territory for the Lusitanian crown, and the country’s independence in the early 19th century. It can also refer, more specifically, to the artistic manifestations produced in certain Brazilian regions—most notably Bahia, Minas Gerais, and Rio de Janeiro—over the 18th century and first decades of the 19th century. In other words, while denotatively it corresponds to the art produced in the period during which Brazil was a colony, it can also work as a metonym valid to indicate particular temporal and geographical arcs within this period. The reasons for its widespread metonymical use are related, on the one hand, to the survival of a relatively large number of art objects and buildings produced in these arcs, but also to a judicative value: at least since the 1920s, artists, historians, and cultivated Brazilians have tended to regard Brazilian colonial art—in its more specific meaning—as the greatest cultural product of those centuries. In this sense, Brazilian colonial art is often identified with the Baroque—to the extent that the terms “Brazilian Baroque,” “Brazilian colonial art,” and even “barroco mineiro” (i.e., Baroque produced in the province of Minas Gerais) may be used interchangeably by some scholars and, even more so, the general public. The study of Brazilian colonial art is currently intermingled with the question of what should be understood as Brazil in the early modern period. Just like some 20th- and 21st-century scholars have been questioning, for example, the term “Italian Renaissance”—given the fact that Italy, as a political entity, did not exist until the 19th century—so have researchers problematized the concept of a unified term to designate the whole artistic production of the territory that would later become the Federative Republic of Brazil between the 16th and 19th centuries. This territory, moreover, encompassed a myriad of very different societies and languages originating from at least three different continents. Should the production, for example, of Tupi or Yoruba artworks be considered colonial? Or should they, instead, be understood as belonging to a distinctive path and independent art historical process? Is it viable to propose a transcultural academic approach without, at the same time, flattening the specificities and richness of the various societies that inhabited the territory? Recent scholarly work has been bringing together traditional historiographical references in Brazilian colonial art and perspectives from so-called “global art history.” These efforts have not only internationalized the field, but also made it multidisciplinary by combining researches in anthropology, ethnography, archaeology, history, and art history.

scholarly journals Los clíticos de segunda persona de plural en las lenguas romances de la Península Ibérica

2018 ◽  
Vol 134 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-85
Author(s):  
Víctor Lara Bermejo
Keyword(s):  
Iberian Peninsula ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Romance Languages ◽  
Second Person ◽  
Person Plural ◽  
Subject Pronoun ◽  
Plural Subject ◽  
Península Ibérica

AbstractThe Romance languages of the Iberian Peninsula possess a second person plural subject pronoun that induces verb and pronoun agreement in 2pl. While standard Catalan chooses us/vos as unstressed pronouns, Portuguese selects vos and Spanish, os. Nevertheless, the data taken from linguistic atlases of the 20th century point out the great quantity of 2pl allomorphs in unstressed pronouns: tos, sos, sus, los and se. In this article, I aim to account for the linguistic geography of 2pl allomorphs and their possible linguistic factors.

scholarly journals We Shall Fight: Speaker-Exclusive We as a Grammatical Metaphor

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 43
Author(s):  
Francesca Santulli
Keyword(s):  
Public Discourse ◽  
The Other ◽  
Common Denominator ◽  
First Person ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Person Plural ◽  
Plural Pronoun ◽  
First Person Plural ◽  
The One ◽  
Metaphorical Interpretation

The first person plural pronoun cannot be considered as an expression of pluralization of the first. Its semantic boundaries are defined in context, and this inherent vagueness an be pragmatically exploited for communicative purposes. Beyond the frequently investigated opposition between (addressee-) inclusive vs exclusive forms, this paper explores non-prototypical uses of the first person plural pronoun, focusing on the conflicts that arise when it is used in contexts that semantically exclude the speaker. Speaker-exclusive forms can occur in different situations, ranging from interpersonal exchanges to public discourse. The paper investigates their different semantic implications, highlighting their common traits as well as their crucial peculiarities. Both the review of the literature and the analysis of actual examples bring forth the different values and functions of various speaker-exclusive occurrences of the first person plural. A more systematic categorization of the forms can be obtained adopting a metaphorical interpretation, which on the one hand emphasises their common denominator (i.e. speaker-exclusiveness) and, on the other, sheds light on their varying communicative potential.

When Syncretism Meets Word Order. On Clitic Order in Romanian

Probus ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-256
Author(s):  
Oana Săvescu
Keyword(s):  
Word Order ◽  
Romance Languages ◽  
Person Plural ◽  
Accusative Case

Abstract Romanian singular clitics are unique among their counterpars in other Romance languages in that they exhibit different forms for dative (mi, ţi) and accusative case (mă, te). In contrast, 1st and 2nd person plural clitics are case syncretic: the forms ne and vă are used both in the dative and in the accusative. Moreover, in non-finite environments, following gerunds and imperatives, non-syncretic (singular) clitics unambiguously exhibit the order dative accusative, while syncretic (plural) clitics show the reverse, accusative dative order. This paper focuses specifically on this correlation between case syncretism (or lack thereof) and the ordering possibilities of postverbal clitics, showing that the relation receives a principled syntactic explanation. The ordering of postverbal Romanian clitics, as well as the contrast between case syncretic and syncretic clusters are derived through the interaction between (i) morpho-syntactic effects due to case syncretism, (ii) remnant VP movement, and (iii) a representational view on locality, in the spirit of Rizzi (2001), Krapova and Cinque (2005).

Non-Quantitative Approaches to Dialect Classification and Relatedness

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcello Barbato
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Romance Languages ◽  
Theoretic Model ◽  
Family Tree ◽  
The Family ◽  
Rigid Model ◽  
Dialect Classification ◽  
The One ◽  
Quantitative Approaches

Several attempts have been made to classify Romance languages. The subgroups created can be posited as intermediate entities in diachrony between a mother language and daughter languages. This diachronic perspective can be structured using a rigid model, such as that of the family tree, or more flexible ones. In general, this perspective yields a bipartite division between Western Romance languages (Ibero-Romance, Gallo-Romance, Alpine-, and Cisalpine-Romance) and Eastern Romance languages (Italian and Romanian), or a tripartite split between Sardinian, Romanian, and other languages. The subgroups can, however, be considered synchronic groupings based on the analysis of the characteristics internal to the varieties. Naturally, the groupings change depending on which features are used and which theoretic model is adopted. Still, this type of approach signals the individuality of French and Romanian with respect to the Romània continua, or contrasts northern and southern Romània, highlighting, on the one hand, the shared features in Gallo-Romance and Gallo-Italian and, on the other, those common to Ibero-Romance, southern Italian, and Sardinian. The task of classifying Romance languages includes thorny issues such as distinguishing between synchrony and diachrony, language and dialect, and monothetic and polythetic classification. Moreover, ideological and political matters often complicate the theme of classification. Many problems stand as yet unresolved, and they will probably remain unresolvable.

scholarly journals NOTAS SOBRE O PASSADO COMPOSTO EM PORTUGUÊS

2001 ◽  
Vol 55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodolfo Ilari
Keyword(s):  
Brazilian Portuguese ◽  
Romance Languages ◽  
Semantic Treatment ◽  
Semantic Values

Neste texto, trato do pretérito (ou passado) composto do português, e procuro dar conta de alguns valores que o distinguem, no paradigma de conjugação. À diferença do infinitivo pessoal e do subjuntivo futuro, o PASSADO COMPOSTO existe em todas as línguas românicas que conheço; sua singularidade em relação a essas outras línguas, não diz respeito à forma, mas ao sentido; por conseguinte, este texto terá um enfoque semântico e tentará expor alguns dos problemas que encontrei, ao tentar propor para esse tempo composto uma definição semântica mais rigorosa. Abstract This paper deals with the PASSADO COMPOSTO in Brazilian Portuguese, aiming at characterizing the semantic values that distinguish it from other verbal tenses. Different from the personal infinitive and subjunctive future, the PASSADO COMPOSTO exists in all romance languages; its singularity in BP with respect to other romance languages does not concern its form, but rather its meaning. Thus, this paper will focus on its semantic idiosyncrasy and will expose some of the problems found in the search for a more rigorous semantic treatment of such a composed tense.

Resíduos históricos como um caso de variação sincrônica no português do Brasil

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (9) ◽  
pp. 230
Author(s):  
Marco Antônio De Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Brazilian Portuguese ◽  
Person Plural ◽  
Verb Agreement ◽  
The Past ◽  
De Se

Resumo: Este artigo é uma tentativa de se mostrar como o presente pode ter usado para se explicar o passado. Os dados sincrônicos utilizados aqui se referem à regra variável de concordância entre sujeito e verbo no português coloquial moderno do Brasil. Conforme já foi notado na literatura sobre este problema, algumas classes verbais apresentam uma freqüência maior de neutralização entre a 3ª Pessoa do Plural e a 3ª Pessoa do Singular do que outras classes. Este fenômeno foi explicado tanto em termos do princípio da saliência fônica, quanto em termos de uma interação entre regras fonoõgicas e sintáticas. A questão diacrônica, por outro lado, se refere à origem da terminação verbal -ão na terceira pessoa do plural do Perfeito do Indicativo. Para esta questão podemos encontrar também mais de uma resposta na literatura. Procuro mostrar aqui que a terminação -ão em questão é uma criação analógica, e que a maioria dos casos de neutralização entre a 3a PP e a 3a PS no português coloquial brasileiro é herdada, ou seja, estes casos constituem resíduos históricos refletidos no português de hoje.Abstract: This paper is an attempt to show how the present can be used to explain the past. The synchronic data that I use have to do with the variabte subject-verb agreement rule in Modern Colloquial Brazilian Portuguese. It has been noted in the literature on this question that some verbal classes present a larger frequency of neutralization between 3rd Person Plural and 3rd Person Singular verbal forms than other classes. This has been explained either in terms of the principle oi phonic salience or in terms of an interaction between phonological and syntactic rules. The diachronic question has to do with the origin of the verbal ending -ão in the 3rd Person Plural of the Perfect of the Indicative, for which more than one answer is found in the literature. It is argued here that the verbal ending -ão of the 3rd PP of the Perfect of the indicative is an analogical creation and that most of the cases of neutralization between 3rd PP and 3rd PS in Modern Colloquial Brazilian Portuguese are inherited, i.e., they constitute histonical residues reflected in present day Portuguese.

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