Alcohol Abuse

Author(s):  
John M. Gachoki

The article sets out to examine the correlation between the drinking problem that has beset youth of Central Kenya and the oaths that were taken by residents in the region in the wake of the struggle for socio-political and economic independence (in 1950s). It is worthwhile to recall that the Mau Mau philosophy discouraged the abuse of drugs, and especially alcohol. It was the belief that the breach of oaths spelt calamity. The youth might disassociate themselves from beliefs of their fathers and forefathers. However, since most of them are Christians, nominal or practical, they should be awed because the bible has it that, ‘’. . . I, the Lord your God, am a jealous God, punishing the children for the sin of the fathers to the third and fourth generation . . .’’ (Deuteronomy 5:9). Characteristically, the communities in Central Kenya share many aspects of culture, especially beliefs and religious practices. For example, breach of oaths was a taboo. The article seeks to establish the connection between the high degree of alcohol abuse to the violation of oaths that the Mau Mau (freedom fighters) patriots took before and during the State of Emergency (1952-1960). Certainly, anything taboo was ominous. Mau Mau agitated for independence, and more importantly, the return of land, the bond that bound together the living, the dead and the unborn. Land was seen in our indigenous society as sacred and it was not to change hands in any way. Mau Mau took oaths to the effect that whoever breached it would attract catastrophe, including death. In view of this, the article would seek to establish if the drinking problem in the Mount Kenya (central) region is a consequence of breaching Mau Mau oaths.

1976 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce J. Berman

In the twenty-odd years since the declaration of a state of emergency in Kenya in October 1952, the analysis of the phenomenon known as ‘Mau Mau’ has undergone a fundamental revision. The initial interpretation, advanced by the colonial authorities and their apologists and by a few (mostly British) scholars, explained ‘Mau Mau’ as a fanatic, atavistic, savage religious cult consciously created and manipulated by a group of unscrupulous, power-hungry leaders. It was said to be rooted in a mass psychosis affecting an unstable tribe freed from the anchoring constraints of tradition. It was also said to have had no direct links to socio-economic conditions in the colony or to the policies of the Kenya government. This interpretation, popularized by a large and sensational journalistic literature, went virtually unchallenged for more than a decade. During this period ‘Mau Mau’ and its antecedents were largely ignored by social scientists. As late as 1965, Gilbert Kushner could report that a search of major anthropological journals revealed, at best, only peripheral mention of Mau Mau. Where ‘Mau Mau’ was explicitly considered, the basic premise of the official explanation was generally accepted, and the phenomenon was treated as a nativistic cult or revitalization movement.


Author(s):  
Robert E. Brown

Jonathan Edwards’s exegesis brought together a remarkable constellation of issues in early modern thought and biblical interpretation. Although he lived on the frontier of the British empire, he lived intimately with the core philosophical and theological issues at the heart of that society. The Bible’s status as an unquestioned religious and social authority was under scrutiny during his lifetime, with many concluding that it was hopelessly primitive and outmoded. Edwards sought to fashion an interpretive approach that took seriously modern historical, scientific, and anthropological discoveries, while maintaining a high degree of confidence in the Bible as the revelation of God. Thus, he adapted much of his interpretation to modern categories of thought, while at the same time employing traditional modes of theological interpretation such as typology, miracles, and the analogy of faith. His exegesis served to underwrite all of his major theological treatises.


Author(s):  
Hansjörg Schmid ◽  
Amir Sheikhzadegan

Due to the high number of Muslim applicants in the Swiss asylum system, in recent years there have been calls for an introduction of a Muslim chaplaincy service into Switzerland’s asylum centers. Acknowledging this need, the Swiss federal government ran a Muslim chaplaincy pilot service in Zurich’s Juch Asylum Center between July 2016 and June 2017, with a view to its possible roll-out across Switzerland’s federal asylum centers. This paper links methodological reflection with a presentation of key results in the evaluation of this project. Applying a mixed-method design based on the fourth-generation evaluation research, the study investigates the perspectives of the main stakeholder groups on the pilot project. The interaction with Muslim chaplains mostly led to a high degree of satisfaction among asylum seekers. The study shows there were difficulties and obstacles integrating Muslim chaplaincy into the center’s inter-professional setting, although the interfaith cooperation with Christian chaplains nonetheless developed intensively. The study’s methodological limitations, primarily caused by the setting of the study, are also discussed, as well as the impact the evaluation itself had on the asylum center setting.


1963 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 254
Author(s):  
Donald C. Savage ◽  
Fred Majdalany ◽  
Alan Rake ◽  
George Bennett ◽  
Carl Rosberg
Keyword(s):  

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 481-495
Author(s):  
Melvina Afra Mendes de Araújo

To extinguish the Mau Mau, a movement driven by land issues that marked Kenya, the colonial government declared a state of emergency in 1952, creating villages to which the Kikuyu population was displaced, as well as detention camps for the guerrillas. Therefore, it is worth analyzing the relationships amongst Consolata missionaries and the Mau Mau guerrillas, which led to an approximation between these missionaries and the Kikuyu.


PEDIATRICS ◽  
1974 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 520-520
Author(s):  
Hania W. Ris

At Last The Long-Awaited Seventh Edition Of The Red Book,1 The Bible Of The Pediatrician, Has Appeared. The Section On Gonorrhea Was Updated. I Fear, However, That The Paragraph On Diagnostic Tests (Pp. 60-61) May Be Misinterpreted As Meaning That The Gram-Stained Smear Has A High Degree Of Reliability In Diagnosis Of Exudates, As There Is Great Emphasis On The Smear Rather Than The Culture. It Is Well Established That Grain-Stained Cervical And Vaginal Smears In The Female Are Unreliable For Diagnosis Of Gonorrhea.


2007 ◽  
Vol 15 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 405-427
Author(s):  
Peter McGrail

AbstractThis article explores the themes of eroticism, death and redemption as seen in the world of opera, through a particular lens. This lens is the construct of the femme fatale as drawn from the particular world of the Bible. This construct is of course largely the product of the composer's and/or librettist's own social, religious, political and philosophical world view; where the origin of the construct is a biblical narrative, a high degree of elaboration is always required, since the psychology and motivation of women in the Bible is particularly under-developed. The article first surveys the terrain—surprisingly limited to six chief operas, which together treat only four biblical subjects. The first of the operas, Verdi's early work Nabucco, is analysed in terms of the depiction of its—totally invented—femme fatale, a fictitious daughter Abigaille given to King Nebuccadnezzar. The development of the concept of femme fatale is then traced until it reaches its apotheiosis with the extraordinary character of Kundry, in Wagner's Parsifal. She is then used as the vehicle to explore the themes in depth.


2001 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 289-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Henry ◽  
F. Bellivier ◽  
F. Sorbara ◽  
S. Tangwongchai ◽  
J. Lacoste ◽  
...  

SummaryObjective. As some temperament profiles may be markers of genetic vulnerability traits, we aimed to compare sensation seeking in euthymic bipolar patients and in controls. Methods. One hundred ninety-four patients fulfilling DSM-IV diagnostic criteria for bipolar disorders (BP), 81% of whom presented type I BP, and 95 controls were included in this study. Euthymia was assessed using both the MADRS and Bech mania scales. Subjects were evaluated using the French abbreviated form of Zuckerman’s Sensation Seeking Scale (SSS), which provide a total score (TS) and four subscores: Thrill and Adventure Seeking (TAS), Experience Seeking (ES), Disinhibition (Dis), and Boredom Susceptibility (BS). Results. SSS total score differed significantly between men (17.2 ± 0.5) and women (15.3 ± 0.6) (P = 0.02) and all the subscores were negatively correlated with age. On adjustement for sex and age, we found that bipolar patients had a high Dis score (P = 0.003). However, if the same analysis was performed with a lifetime history of alcohol abuse or dependence as a covariable, no such difference was found (P = 0.436). The SSS demonstrated a high degree of test-retest reliability (ICC = 0.91). Conclusion. These results suggest that sensation seeking assessed with the SSS is not a temperament characteristic associated with bipolar disorders but is instead linked to a tendency towards alcohol abuse.


1980 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. K. Bhopale ◽  
Sushila Menon ◽  
Laxmi Kulkarni

ABSTRACTNecator americanus, originally isolated from man, developed completely in infant rabbits (RSG-1). This infection was serially passed in infant rabbits up to the 6th generation without using any immunosuppressant. Two day old infant rabbits demonstrated a high degree of susceptibility to N. americanus. Studies revealed the retention of worms in the intestine for more than 150 days during which egg production was high. In this experimental model the leukocyte, antibody and serum protein responses due to N. americanus infection were monitored. Results showed that eosinophil numbers rose significantly from day 28 to 170. A maximum was observed on day 80 (41%) in rabbits of the fourth generation. Antibodies to N. americanus were detectable in infected rabbits by counterimmunoelectrophoresis using third stage larval antigen (Rabbit strain). Generally, total globulins increased with decrease in albumin. Serum protein increase was associated with alpha-2, beta and gamma globulin components.


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