The Striving of Crimean Tatars for Self-determination (1917 — end of 1930s)

2021 ◽  
pp. 104-141
Author(s):  
С.М. Исхаков

Статья посвящена борьбе крымских татар за свое самоопределение в первой трети ХХ века, которая получила различные трактовки в современной историографии, которая находится под сильным влиянием политической конъюнктуры и пропаганды. Из приведенных фактов следует, что национальная политика белых и красных была, по сути, чуждой, в отношении интересов и устремлений коренного народа Крыма, отсюда и возникали все кризисы в таких ключевых сферах, как экономическая, социальная, политическая, идеологическая, межэтническая, духовная. Крымские татары со своей стороны испытывали неприятие навязываемого им того или иного пути общественного развития, борясь за самостоятельное государственное устройство. The article depicts the striving of the Crimean Tatars for self-determination during the first half of the 20th C. Various interpretations of the events are known in modern historiography, which have been affected by the political environment and propaganda. The facts discussed by the author disclose a conclusion that the national policy of both the Red and the White was, at its core, never correlated to the interests and wishes of the indigenous peoples of Crimea. This caused many crises: economic, social, political, ideological, interethnic and religious. The Crimean Tatars felt a deep rejection of the imposed ways of social development and continued striving for a self-dependent state system.

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-82
Author(s):  
Rashwet Shrinkhal

It is worth recalling that the struggle of indigenous peoples to be recognised as “peoples” in true sense was at the forefront of their journey from an object to subject of international law. One of the most pressing concerns in their struggle was crafting their own sovereign space. The article aims to embrace and comprehend the concept of “indigenous sovereignty.” It argues that indigenous sovereignty may not have fixed contour, but it essentially confronts the idea of “empire of uniformity.” It is a source from which right to self-determination stems out and challenges the political and moral authority of States controlling indigenous population within their territory.


Author(s):  
Ana Catarina Zema de Resende

Nos últimos 30 anos, a autonomia se tornou um novo paradigma na luta dos povos indígenas por descolonização. Organizações indígenas de todo o continente americano assumiram a autonomia como demanda central. No entanto, o debate em torno das demandas indígenas por autonomia tem gerado muitas polêmicas decorrentes da incompreensão sobre o que querem os movimentos indígenas quando reivindicam seu direito à autodeterminação e autonomia. Para melhor entendimento dessa questão, interessa-nos, aqui, trazer alguns elementos e conceitos que possibilitem apreciar as contribuições de três intelectuais indígenas a esse debate: Taiaiake Alfred, mohawk do Canada; Floriberto Díaz, mixe de Tlahuitoltepec eGersem Baniwa, do povo Baniwa do Alto Rio Negro e das propostas do Exército Zapatista de Libertação Nacional (EZLN). Veremos que a maneira como esses intelectuais e o EZLN vêm construindo suas ideias sobre autonomia funciona como veículo para suas críticas à imposição de controle por parte do Estado, levando esse último a perceber as inconsistências de seus próprios princípios e do tratamento que dá aos povos indígenas.Palavras-Chave: Autonomia Indígena, Pensamento Político, Autodeterminação, Movimento Indígena.Autonomía indígena en el pensamiento político de Taiaiake Alfred, Floriberto Díaz, Gersem Baniwa y en las propuestas del EZLNResumen: En los últimos 30 años, la autonomía se ha convertido en un nuevo paradigma en la lucha de los pueblos indígenas por descolonización. Organizaciones indígenas de todo el continente americano asumieron la autonomía como demanda central. Sin embargo, el debate en torno a las demandas indígenas por autonomía ha generado muchas polémicas derivadas de la incomprensión sobre lo que quieren los movimientos indígenas cuando reivindican su derecho a la autodeterminación y a la autonomía. Para entender mejor esta cuestión, nos interesa, aquí, traer algunos elementos y conceptos que posibiliten apreciar los aportes de tres intelectuales indígenas a ese debate: Taiaiake Alfred, mohawk de Canada; Floriberto Díaz, mixe de Tlahuitoltepec y Gersem Baniwa, del pueblo Baniwa del Alto Río Negro y de las propuestas del Ejército Zapatista de Liberación Nacional (EZLN). Veremos que la manera como estos intelectuales y el EZLN vienen construyendo sus ideas sobre autonomía funciona como vehículo para sus críticas a la imposición de control por parte del Estado, llevando ese último a percibir las inconsistencias de sus propios principios y del trato que da a los pueblos indígenas.Palabras-clave: Autonomía Indígena, Pensamiento Político, Autodeterminación, Movimiento Indígena.Indigenous autonomy in the political thought of Taiaiake Alfred, Floriberto Díaz, Gersem Baniwa and in the EZLN proposalsAbstract: Over the last 30 years, autonomy has become a new paradigm in the struggle of indigenous peoples for decolonization. Indigenous organizations throughout the Americas assumed autonomy as a central demand. However, the debate over indigenous demands for autonomy has generated many controversies which were derived from the misunderstanding of what indigenous movements want when they claim their right to self-determination and autonomy. To better understand this question, we are interested here in bringing up some elements and concepts that make it possible to appreciate the contributions of three indigenous intellectuals to that debate: Taiaiake Alfred, mohawk from Canada; Floriberto Diaz, mixe of Tlahuitoltepec and Gersem Baniwa, from the Baniwa people of the Alto Rio Negro and of the Zapatista Army of National Liberation (EZLN) proposals. We will see that the way these intellectuals and the EZLN construct their ideas about autonomy functions as a vehicle for their criticism of the imposition of control by the State, leading the latter to perceive the inconsistencies of its own principles and the treatment it gives to indigenous peoples.Keywords: Indigenous Autonomy, Political Thought, Self-Determination, Indigenous Movement.


Polar Record ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Loukacheva

ABSTRACTThis paper focuses on the evolution and development of the legal scope of governance and the right to autonomy in the Arctic context by considering contemporary indigenous internationalism through a legal lens and by employing examples from the Arctic indigenous peoples of Greenland and Nunavut. It argues that depending on national policy, partnerships, and relations, there are possibilities for considering direct international representation, and the participation of autonomous sub-national units or indigenous peoples, as a part of the right to autonomy/self-government or internal self-determination. Since indigenous peoples have a limited legal personality and capacity in international law, the states of which they are a part can take special measures to accommodate their needs.


2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 192
Author(s):  
Raúl Rocha Romero ◽  
Cintia Flores Hernández

Within the framework of a larger study on the subjective, institutional and cultural factors that influence the substantive political representation of indigenous minorities in Mexico, the theoretical-methodological and empirical approach is presented in relation to the political subjectivity of indigenous peoples of the Mexican states of Oaxaca and Chiapas, with respect to the political representation of which they are subject by their federal deputies. A total of 46 interviews were conducted with Indians from Oaxaca and Chiapas in their respective places of residence. The results show a political subjectivity marked by descriptive, negative and valorative opinions. Indigenous people express not only the neglect they have been subjected to by representatives, but also the fact that national policy is totally alien to them. For the Indians of Mexico this means that they have not yet incorporated as citizens of the republic.


2020 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 140-155
Author(s):  
Christine Zuni Cruz

This Article considers the decade, 2010 to 2019, in respect to indigenous peoples in the United States. The degree of invisibility of indigenous peoples, in spite of the existence of 574 federally recognized tribes with political status, is a central issue in major cases and events of the decade. Land and environment, social concerns, and collective identity are the three areas through which this Article considers the decade. The Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, endorsed in 2010, sets a measure for the nation-state’s engagement with indigenous peoples possessed of self-determination. The criticality of a new place in the American consciousness for the political status of indigenous peoples in the United States going forward is a feature of the decade.


2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 66
Author(s):  
Dr.Sc. Harun Hadžić

In this paper, by using international documents, the author addresses the issue of resolving the political status of the Bosniaks in Sandžak, i.e. in Serbia and Montenegro. He emphasizes the methods of regulation of ethnic relations through mechanisms of eliminating differences, i.e. mechanisms of managing the differences that exist in modern sovereign multiethnic states. Explains the basic terms - autochthony, constitutivity and constitutionality, and thoroughly analyzes the principle of the right to self-determination and the right to autonomy, in the context of resolving the so-called status of indigenous peoples.


2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 74-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terry Mitchell

Indigenous peoples across the globe suffer a disproportionate burden of both mental and physical illness relative to Settler populations. A substantial body of research indicates that colonialism and its associated processes are important determinants of Indigenous peoples' health. In Canada, despite an abundance of health research documenting inequalities in morbidity and mortality rates for Indigenous peoples, relatively little research has focused on the political, historical, cultural basis of health disparities. This paper advances a theory of colonial trauma as a conceptual framework with which to understand Indigenous health and mental health disparities. Colonial Trauma is described as a complex, continuous, collective, cumulative and compounding interaction of impacts related to the imposition of colonial policies and practices which continue to separate Indigenous Peoples from their land, languages, cultural practices, and one another. The theory of colonial trauma is presented as useful a framework for understanding the links between persistent health disparities, the traumagenic nature of colonialism and the right of self-determination.


2015 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Stilz

Abstract:While self-determination is a cardinal principle of international law, its meaning is often obscure. Yet international law clearly recognizes decolonization as a central application of the principle. Most ordinary people also agree that the liberation of colonial peoples was a moral triumph. This essay examines three philosophical theories of self-determination’s value, and asks which one best captures the reasons why decolonization was morally required. The instrumentalist theory holds that decolonization was required because subject peoples were unjustly governed, the democratic view holds that decolonization was required because subject peoples lacked democratic representation, and the associative view holds that decolonization was required because subject peoples were unable to affirm the political institutions their colonial rulers imposed on them. I argue that the associative view is superior to competing accounts, because it better reflects individuals’ “maker” interests in participating in shared political projects that they value. The essay further shows that if we accept the associative view, self-determination is not a sui generis value that applies to decolonization alone. Ultimately, our intuitions about decolonization can be justified only by invoking an interest on the part of persistently alienated groups in redrawing political boundaries. The same interest may justify self-determination in additional cases, such as autonomy for indigenous peoples, or greater independence for Scotland or Quebec.


Polar Record ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 100-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica Tennberg

Indigenous peoples have emerged as active participants in international relations. They claim the right to participation and to consultation in international political decision-making and to represent their interests based on principles of self-determination. Indigenous peoples' organizations in the Arctic have been in the forefront of the political mobilization of indigenous peoples in different international forums. The aim of the INDIPO project is to study the dynamics of interactions between states, international organizations, and indigenous peoples. This research project draws on theories and practices in international politics and international law in order to analyse how ‘indigenousness’ is used politically as a claim to self-determination and sovereignty in the international system and what the political consequences of this claim will be. The research objective consists in seeking answers to two interrelated questions. Firstly, how relations between states, international organizations and indigenous peoples have been and are currently constructed as legal and political practices? Secondly, how indigenous peoples, through different strategies, construct political agencies to further their political interest? The research project advances knowledge about the construction of the political agency of indigenous peoples and their participation in international policy-making. The researchers seek to establish a constructive dialogue with the representatives of major stakeholders and to organise two workshops with them in order to discuss the objectives and results of the project. The first one was held in Inari, Finland in January 2006.


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document