scholarly journals Autonomia Indígena no Pensamento Político de Taiaiake Alfred, Floriberto Díaz e Gersem Baniwa

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Ana Catarina Zema de Resende
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Political Thought ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
The Political ◽  
National Liberation ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Indigenous Autonomy ◽  
Rio Negro ◽  
Indigenous Movement ◽  
Indigenous Organizations

Nos últimos 30 anos, a autonomia se tornou um novo paradigma na luta dos povos indígenas por descolonização. Organizações indígenas de todo o continente americano assumiram a autonomia como demanda central. No entanto, o debate em torno das demandas indígenas por autonomia tem gerado muitas polêmicas decorrentes da incompreensão sobre o que querem os movimentos indígenas quando reivindicam seu direito à autodeterminação e autonomia. Para melhor entendimento dessa questão, interessa-nos, aqui, trazer alguns elementos e conceitos que possibilitem apreciar as contribuições de três intelectuais indígenas a esse debate: Taiaiake Alfred, mohawk do Canada; Floriberto Díaz, mixe de Tlahuitoltepec eGersem Baniwa, do povo Baniwa do Alto Rio Negro e das propostas do Exército Zapatista de Libertação Nacional (EZLN). Veremos que a maneira como esses intelectuais e o EZLN vêm construindo suas ideias sobre autonomia funciona como veículo para suas críticas à imposição de controle por parte do Estado, levando esse último a perceber as inconsistências de seus próprios princípios e do tratamento que dá aos povos indígenas.Palavras-Chave: Autonomia Indígena, Pensamento Político, Autodeterminação, Movimento Indígena.Autonomía indígena en el pensamiento político de Taiaiake Alfred, Floriberto Díaz, Gersem Baniwa y en las propuestas del EZLNResumen: En los últimos 30 años, la autonomía se ha convertido en un nuevo paradigma en la lucha de los pueblos indígenas por descolonización. Organizaciones indígenas de todo el continente americano asumieron la autonomía como demanda central. Sin embargo, el debate en torno a las demandas indígenas por autonomía ha generado muchas polémicas derivadas de la incomprensión sobre lo que quieren los movimientos indígenas cuando reivindican su derecho a la autodeterminación y a la autonomía. Para entender mejor esta cuestión, nos interesa, aquí, traer algunos elementos y conceptos que posibiliten apreciar los aportes de tres intelectuales indígenas a ese debate: Taiaiake Alfred, mohawk de Canada; Floriberto Díaz, mixe de Tlahuitoltepec y Gersem Baniwa, del pueblo Baniwa del Alto Río Negro y de las propuestas del Ejército Zapatista de Liberación Nacional (EZLN). Veremos que la manera como estos intelectuales y el EZLN vienen construyendo sus ideas sobre autonomía funciona como vehículo para sus críticas a la imposición de control por parte del Estado, llevando ese último a percibir las inconsistencias de sus propios principios y del trato que da a los pueblos indígenas.Palabras-clave: Autonomía Indígena, Pensamiento Político, Autodeterminación, Movimiento Indígena.Indigenous autonomy in the political thought of Taiaiake Alfred, Floriberto Díaz, Gersem Baniwa and in the EZLN proposalsAbstract: Over the last 30 years, autonomy has become a new paradigm in the struggle of indigenous peoples for decolonization. Indigenous organizations throughout the Americas assumed autonomy as a central demand. However, the debate over indigenous demands for autonomy has generated many controversies which were derived from the misunderstanding of what indigenous movements want when they claim their right to self-determination and autonomy. To better understand this question, we are interested here in bringing up some elements and concepts that make it possible to appreciate the contributions of three indigenous intellectuals to that debate: Taiaiake Alfred, mohawk from Canada; Floriberto Diaz, mixe of Tlahuitoltepec and Gersem Baniwa, from the Baniwa people of the Alto Rio Negro and of the Zapatista Army of National Liberation (EZLN) proposals. We will see that the way these intellectuals and the EZLN construct their ideas about autonomy functions as a vehicle for their criticism of the imposition of control by the State, leading the latter to perceive the inconsistencies of its own principles and the treatment it gives to indigenous peoples.Keywords: Indigenous Autonomy, Political Thought, Self-Determination, Indigenous Movement.

scholarly journals “Indigenous sovereignty” and right to self-determination in international law: a critical appraisal

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-82
Author(s):  
Rashwet Shrinkhal
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Critical Appraisal ◽  
Indigenous Population ◽  
Moral Authority ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
The Political ◽  
Indigenous Sovereignty

It is worth recalling that the struggle of indigenous peoples to be recognised as “peoples” in true sense was at the forefront of their journey from an object to subject of international law. One of the most pressing concerns in their struggle was crafting their own sovereign space. The article aims to embrace and comprehend the concept of “indigenous sovereignty.” It argues that indigenous sovereignty may not have fixed contour, but it essentially confronts the idea of “empire of uniformity.” It is a source from which right to self-determination stems out and challenges the political and moral authority of States controlling indigenous population within their territory.

The local translation of global indigeneity: A case of the Chittagong Hill Tracts

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-85
Author(s):  
Nasir Uddin
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Identity Politics ◽  
The Political ◽  
Local Translation ◽  
Chittagong Hill Tracts ◽  
International Support ◽  
Indigenous Groups ◽  
Public Debates ◽  
Indigenous Movement ◽  
Societal Relations

Indigeneity, a concept and construct, is increasingly gaining currency in academia, in the political sphere, and in public debates. Indigeneity as an active political force with international support has become a resource in identity politics. This article focuses on the dynamics of how the transnational idea of indigeneity has been nationally installed and locally translated within the context of the ethnohistory of an Indigenous movement that stemmed from local–societal relations with the state. The idea of indigeneity is seen as both local and global because it is globally circulated but locally articulated as well as globally charged but locally framed. Focusing on the Chittagong Hill Tracts, in the borderlands of South and Southeast Asia and home to 11 Indigenous groups in Bangladesh, the article argues that the local translation of global indigeneity is necessary for ensuring the rights and entitlements of Indigenous Peoples.

From Principle to Right

2019 ◽  
pp. 71-106
Author(s):  
Adom Getachew
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
International Society ◽  
Political Thought ◽  
World Order ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
The Political ◽  
Standard Account ◽  
Human Right ◽  
Du Bois ◽  
Kwame Nkrumah

This chapter turns to the United Nations, where anticolonial nationalists staged their reinvention of self-determination, transforming a secondary principle included in the UN Charter into a human right. Through the political thought of Nnamdi Azikiwe, W. E. B. Du Bois, Kwame Nkrumah, and George Padmore, the chapter illustrates that this reinvention drew on a distinctive account of empire as enslavement. The emergence of a right to self-determination is often read as an expansion of an already existing principle in which anticolonial nationalists universalize a Westphalian regime of sovereignty. In contrast to this standard account, the chapter argues that the anticolonial account of self-determination marked a radical break from the Eurocentric model of international society and established nondomination as a central ideal of a postimperial world order.

Globalization, Governance, and the Emergence of Indigenous Autonomy Movements in Latin America: The Case of the Caribbean Coast of Nicaragua

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 37-52
Author(s):  
Luciano Baracco
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Democratic Transition ◽  
Political Mobilization ◽  
The Political ◽  
Caribbean Coast ◽  
Indigenous Autonomy ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Autonomy Movements ◽  
America Latina

A revisiting of Salvador Martí i Puig’s approach to globalization and the turn toward governance in explaining the roots and impact of the political mobilization of Latin America’s indigenous peoples since the 1990s recasts governance as a disciplinary regime that in the case of Nicaragua co-opted potentially radical oppositional movements into the neoliberal project that accompanied Latin America’s democratic transition. The discussion takes as its empirical case the autonomy process on Nicaragua’s Caribbean coast, which in its twenty-fifth year represents the most sustained devolution of power to indigenous peoples in Latin America. Una revisión de los estudios de Salvador Martí i de Puig sobre la globalización y el giro hacia la gobernanza como manera de explicar las raíces y el impacto de la movilización política de los pueblos indígenas de América Latina desde la década de 1990 reformula la gobernanza como un régimen disciplinario que, en el caso de Nicaragua, cooptó movimientos potencialmente radicales, convirtiéndolos en parte del proyecto neoliberal que se llevó a cabo a la par de la transición democrática de América Latina. Nuestra discusión se centra en un caso empírico: el proceso de autonomía en la costa caribeña nicaragüense. En su vigésimo quinto año, dicho proceso constituye la devolución de autonomía indígena más sostenida en América Latina.

Multicultural Market Democracy: Elites and Indigenous Movements in Contemporary Ecuador

2011 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 451-483 ◽  
Author(s):  
JAMES D. BOWEN
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Political System ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
The Political ◽  
Economic Liberalism ◽  
Elite Politics ◽  
Indigenous Movement ◽  
Economic Elites ◽  
Market Democracy ◽  
Depth Interviews

AbstractThis paper bridges the gap between studies of subaltern social movements and elite politics by asking how political and economic elites respond to indigenous mobilisation in Ecuador. I argue that elites have developed a hegemonic project based around three core principles – multiculturalism, economic liberalism and democracy – that serves to incorporate indigenous peoples into the political system while simultaneously excluding indigenous movement demands that would undermine the political and economic sources of elite power. The paper develops this argument around a concept of what I call ‘multicultural market democracy’ based on historical analysis and in-depth interviews with 43 Ecuadorian elites.

scholarly journals Origin narratives, transformation routes: heritage, knowledge and (a)symmetries on the Uaupés river

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 495-528 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geraldo Andrello
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Sacred Sites ◽  
Government Organization ◽  
Intangible Heritage ◽  
Rio Negro ◽  
Indigenous Organizations ◽  
Artistic Heritage

This article begins with a series of discussions on the identification of sacred sites in the locality of Iauaretê, situated on the shores of the middle Uaupés River, between 2004 and 2011, involving the participation of local indigenous leaders and representatives of the National Historical and Artistic Heritage Institute (IPHAN). The work of identifying these sites began with the institute's visit to the region in 2004 and the partnership established with the Federation of Indigenous Organizations of the Rio Negro (FOIRN) and the Instituto Socioambiental (ISA), a non-government organization that has provided advice and support to indigenous peoples of the region for two decades. Following an evaluation of the effects of the listing of the Iauaretê Falls as intangible heritage by IPHAN in 2005, as well as the preservation actions implemented subsequently, the article explores some aspects of the new collaborative dynamics between anthropologists and indigenous researchers/intellectuals which the experience brings to the fore, as well as the specific way in which this phenomenon is manifested in the context of the upper Rio Negro.

The Striving of Crimean Tatars for Self-determination (1917 — end of 1930s)

2021 ◽  
pp. 104-141
Author(s):  
С.М. Исхаков
Keyword(s):  
Social Development ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
National Policy ◽  
State System ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Environment ◽  
Dependent State

Статья посвящена борьбе крымских татар за свое самоопределение в первой трети ХХ века, которая получила различные трактовки в современной историографии, которая находится под сильным влиянием политической конъюнктуры и пропаганды. Из приведенных фактов следует, что национальная политика белых и красных была, по сути, чуждой, в отношении интересов и устремлений коренного народа Крыма, отсюда и возникали все кризисы в таких ключевых сферах, как экономическая, социальная, политическая, идеологическая, межэтническая, духовная. Крымские татары со своей стороны испытывали неприятие навязываемого им того или иного пути общественного развития, борясь за самостоятельное государственное устройство. The article depicts the striving of the Crimean Tatars for self-determination during the first half of the 20th C. Various interpretations of the events are known in modern historiography, which have been affected by the political environment and propaganda. The facts discussed by the author disclose a conclusion that the national policy of both the Red and the White was, at its core, never correlated to the interests and wishes of the indigenous peoples of Crimea. This caused many crises: economic, social, political, ideological, interethnic and religious. The Crimean Tatars felt a deep rejection of the imposed ways of social development and continued striving for a self-dependent state system.

scholarly journals The Articulation of the Indigenous Peoples of Brazil in Facing the Covid-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciana Leite da Silva ◽  
Patrícia Emanuelle Nascimento ◽  
Ordália Cristina Gonçalves Araújo ◽  
Tamiris Maia Gonçalves Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
Indigenous Populations ◽  
The Political ◽  
Biological Factors ◽  
Scientific Communities ◽  
Indigenous Organizations ◽  
The Right ◽  
Health Conceptions ◽  
The Relationship

This article aims to analyze how the indigenous communities of Brazil have organized autonomous actions and strategies to confront the Covid-19 pandemic based on the articulation among their own historical experiences, their health conceptions, partnerships with scientific communities and other segments of society that support the indigenous struggle. The research articulates the political and theoretical modernity/coloniality/decoloniality movement with indigenous experiences and conceptions of health, body/spirituality and territory. For this task, we adopted an undisciplined methodology based on conversation, solidarity and analysis of discussions, sites, lives, bibliographic productions and official documents prepared by indigenous organizations and partner entities. The research has pointed out that the situation of greater vulnerability of indigenous populations is not only due to biological factors. Also, indigenous people have denounced the invasion of their territories, racism, the lack of sanitation policies, food insecurity, the circulation of people not belonging to the community (missionaries, miners, loggers, army), the difficult access to hospitals and the precariousness of the necessary resources for individual and collective asepsis have worsen the spread and lethality of the virus. Likewise the current indigenous struggle in this pandemic scenario, this article is not limited to a health discussion, yet it aims to contribute to think about the relationship between the pandemic and the dissemination of anti-democratic policies that simultaneously affect the right to health and the territory of these populations.

scholarly journals El espejismo de la autonomía indígena: mirada a la situación de una comunidad en la Orinoquía Colombiana

2017 ◽  
pp. 71
Author(s):  
Laura Calle Alzate
Keyword(s):  
Social Movement ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Political Elite ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Arena ◽  
Indigenous Autonomy ◽  
Political Subject ◽  
Ethnographic Fieldwork ◽  
State Apparatus ◽  
Harmful Effects

<p>The 1991 Constitution opened spaces for political participation of indigenous peoples but also perpetuated harmful effects such as the formation of elites articulated the state apparatus. Based on my ethnographic fieldwork, I discuss how these societies have given up on their ability to participate and act politically. For some of the indigenous peoples of the Llanos, the creation of an indigenous political elite, results in the resignation of the indigenous social movement as a political subject, firstly, and secondly, the entrance to a new dispute characterized by struggle for the resources of the Colombian state and the multinationals present in the region. The dispute to manage resources is linked to the struggle for the political arena legitimized by the system resources that ultimately only benefits the indigenous elite and its closest circle. Therefore one can speak of indigenous autonomy as a mirage and not a reality.</p><p><strong>Published online</strong>: 11 December 2017</p>

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