scholarly journals Microcirculatory alterations in patients with oropharyngeal cancer after radiation therapy: A possible correlation with mucositis?

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 128-133
Author(s):  
Hoang Giao Nguyen ◽  
Anatoly Avanesov ◽  
Evgeniya Gvozdikova ◽  
Elena Kandakova ◽  
Lyudmila Kruchinina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
Mucous Membrane ◽  
Oral Mucosa ◽  
Oral Mucositis ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Inverse Correlation ◽  
Malignant Neoplasms ◽  
Moderate Inverse Correlation

Background: Patients affected by several forms of malignant neoplasms receive chemotherapy (CT) or radiation therapy (RT). These treatments can cause many side effects, such as oral mucositis (OM). Mucositis is the most frequently occurring early side effect of conservative treatment of patients with malignant tumors in the head and neck, and it is registered in more than 60% of cases. It occurs due to the effect of chemotherapeutic drugs on the cells of the mucous membrane, which causes their death, and to a greater extent, due to the effect of ionizing radiation on the endothelium of the blood vessels and the basal cells of the mucous membrane the submucosa. Objectives: To assess the correlation between the indicators of hemomicrocirculation of the oral mucosa and the intensity of the clinical manifestations of oral mucositis. Results: It was found that, in all the subgroups, the severity index of mucositis National Cancer Institute (NCI) clearly correlated with the indicators of the flow of microcirculation through the study area at point A (r = -0.85, -0.99 and -0.77). At point A, blood perfusion in the study of hemomicrocirculation in all the subgroups 18–44 g in Ia, 45–59 g and 60–74 g in Ic was the opposite of the value of the severity of mucositis. A strong negative correlation was found between the severity of mucositis and the perfusion index at point B in subgroup Ia : (r = -0.99) along with, a moderate inverse correlation in subgroups Ib (r = -0.69) and Ic (r = -0.36). At point B, a strong inverse correlation was found in subgroups Ib and Ic (r = -0.72 and -0.65, respectively), and a moderate inverse correlation was found in subgroup Ia — NCI where r = -0.32. Conclusions: There is a negative correlation between the indicators of hemomicrocirculation of the oral mucosa and the severity of oral mucositis. It was found that the higher the lesions of the microvasculature, the lower the intensity of mucositis. These data have important prognostic value and make it possible to recommend the determination of hemomicrocirculation as a screening test.

scholarly journals Тhe effect of cancer patients’ positioning accuracy during radiation therapy sessions using medical linear electron accelerators on the parameters of their individual 3D dose distribution

Doklady BGUIR ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 31-39
Author(s):  
M. N. Piatkevich ◽  
E. V. Titovich ◽  
G. V. Belkov
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
Radiation Treatment ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Treatment Session ◽  
Malignant Neoplasms ◽  
Horizontal Position ◽  
Individual Dose ◽  
Dose Distributions ◽  
The Impact

Due to the rapid development and further improvement of radiation treatment technologies oncologists have an opportunity to precisely deliver individual dose distributions to the tumor, minimizing the doses obtained by critical organs and healthy structures. For the correct and successful application of these complex methods of radiation therapy, it was necessary to enforce the requirements for the technical and dosimetric parameters of the radiotherapy equipment. The purpose of the research is to determine the magnitude of the possible error for patients’ positioning during their radiotherapy treatments using medical linear accelerators by modeling the impact of the patient’s body on the treatment couch. To determine the values of a possible error, the authors have considered the design and characteristics of a typical treatment couch, developed a model of the “average” patient’s body (phantom), which allowed changing the load to the treatment couch with a step of 1 kg. The position parameters of treatment couches were determined for the main types of localization of radiation therapy for malignant tumors: head and neck tumors, breast tumors and pelvic tumors. Numerical values of the treatment coach deviations from prescribed horizontal position were experimentally established for a load from 40 to 180 kg for a treatment couch used at the N.N. Alexandrov National Cancer Centre of Belarus. Based on the obtained experimental data, the necessity to correct the patient's treatment conditions at the stage of treatment planning were confirmed in order to ensure the delivery accuracy of individual dose distributions as required by the radiation therapy protocols. Authors stated that an analysis of the dependence of the deviations in the dose delivered to the patients on the deviation of the radiotherapy table from its horizontal position should be carried out for each radiotherapy table used in clinical practice. The development and implementation of a mechanism that will allow considering this information when choosing the parameters of the patient’s treatment session and prescribing the dose for any localization of malignant neoplasms is needed.

scholarly journals Rare case of uterine neoplasm: cervical sarcoma with endometrial carcinoma

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 030006051987679
Author(s):  
Ying Ma ◽  
Jie-Qiong Cao ◽  
Yan Yin ◽  
Li-Ting Yao ◽  
Xiao Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endometrial Carcinoma ◽  
Vaginal Bleeding ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Uterine Cavity ◽  
Preoperative Imaging ◽  
High Ligation ◽  
Malignant Neoplasms ◽  
Pelvic Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Uterine Neoplasm

Multiple primary malignant tumors (MPMTs) refer to two or more primary malignant neoplasms that simultaneously or successively occur in one or more organs in the same individual. Cervical sarcoma concomitant with endometrial carcinoma is rare. A 46-year-old woman was admitted because of increased menstrual volume for 4 years and irregular vaginal bleeding with discharge for 6 months. The diagnosis of endometrial carcinoma at stage II was made on the basis of results of ultrasound, pelvic magnetic resonance imaging, and hysteroscopic curettage. Extensive total abdominal hysterectomy + bilateral adnexectomy + bilateral ovarian arteriovenous high ligation + pelvic adhesion separation + pelvic lymphadenectomy +abdominal aortic lymphadenectomy via the abdomen were performed. Postoperative diagnosis of cervical sarcomas with endometrial carcinoma in stage IIIC1 was made according to the results of pathology and immunohistochemistry. Six cycles of cisplatin-epirubicin-isocyclophosphamide treatment were provided after the operation. Most clinical manifestations of cervical sarcomas are abnormal vaginal bleeding. Use of preoperative imaging and hysteroscopy is difficult for diagnosing cervical sarcomas, and postoperative pathological examinations and immunohistochemical diagnosis are mainly used instead. The possibility of MPMTs should be considered for endometrial carcinoma, especially if the cervical lesion is larger than that of the uterine cavity.

scholarly journals The use of radiation therapy in combination treatment of soft tissue sarcomas of the extremities with involvement of long tubular bones

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 124-133
Author(s):  
A.L. Zubarev ◽  
◽  
A.A. Kurilchik ◽  
V.E. Ivanov ◽  
A.L. Starodubtsev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Combination Treatment ◽  
Bone Disease ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Treatment Plan ◽  
Soft Tissue Sarcomas ◽  
Malignant Neoplasms ◽  
Postoperative Radiation Therapy ◽  
Local Hyperthermia

Soft tissue sarcomas (STS) are rare malignant tumors of mesenchymal origin. They account for about 1% of all malignant neoplasms. Haematogenous spread is the most common route of me-tastasis for STS and bone metastases occur in 9.4% of cases. When creating treatment plan for STS, it is necessary to consider a multimodal approach. Combination treatment can include pre-operative or postoperative radiation therapy (RT), chemotherapy (CT), and local hyperthermia (LHT). Surgery for STS should be radical. This paper presents 9 STS clinical cases and treatment outcomes in patients with secondary bone disease. Four patients underwent chemotherapy and surgery. Two patients received chemoradiotherapy (CRT) and surgery. Three patients received thermo-chemo-radiotherapy (TCHRT) followed by surgery. Accelerated fractionation radiotherapy was given using a single tumor dose of 3 Gy, twice a day with interval of 4 hours between ses-sions, 3 times a week to a total tumor dose (TTD) of 30 Gy (isoeffective TTD – 42 Gy, TDF – 69 Gy). Local hyperthermia for soft tissue tumor treatment was performed over 6 sessions: 2 ses-sions were combined with CHT courses before and after RT, and 4 sessions were combined with RT. The follow up period for 6 patients varied from 12 to 1.5 months, for 3 patients it varied from 6 to 8 months, for 1 patient it lasted 3 months and for 1 patient – 2 years. According to the RECIST criteria, more than half of the patients had tumor stabilization and 22% of patients had a partial response. Grade III-IV the rapeutic pathomorphosis was observed in 70% of patients after pre-operative combination treatment. The use of CT, CRT or TCHRT in combination treatment of STS with secondary bone disease enabled us to achieve a pronounced therapeutic pathomorphosis of tumors and to perform organ preservation surgery with endoprosthetic replacement.

scholarly journals NEUROBLASTOMAS OF MAXILLOFACIAL LOCALIZATION OF A NEWBORN CHILD

2019 ◽  
pp. 20-24
Author(s):  
P. I. Tkachenko ◽  
M. O. Cholovskyi ◽  
O. B. Dolenko ◽  
S. O. Belokon ◽  
Y. V. Popelo
Keyword(s):  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Diagnostic Errors ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Salivary Gland Cancer ◽  
Congenital Defects ◽  
Malignant Neoplasms ◽  
Stages Of Development ◽  
Early Stages

Neuroblastoma in newborns is a fairly rare disease and affects 6-8 children per million children. It can be combined with congenital defects, has a tendency to metastasize and to spontaneous maturation in ganglioneuritis, which can simulate various diseases and significantly complicate its diagnosis. This publication provides clinical observations of a newborn baby with a neuroblastoma located in the maxillofacial area. Attention is drawn to the difficulties encountered in establishing a clinical diagnosis, to address questions about this, it is recommended that modern, highly informative methods of examination be more widely involved in examining such children, preferably in the early stages of the disease. Against the background of an unceasing increase in the number of malignant neoplasms of the maxillofacial area among the Ukrainian population, directly among the residents of the Poltava region, this figure is 2.3% of the total number of newly diagnosed malignant formations. Asymptomatic course and "erosion" of clinical manifestations of tumors at their initial stages of development, the untimely treatment of patients with specialized assistance against the background of inadequate awareness among citizens and healthcare professionals in this section of medicine and their lack of oncological anxiety leads to the fact that a significant proportion of patients falls on treatment with abandoned forms. In particular, according to the statistical reporting of the Poltava regional oncologic dispensary at stages III and IV, the malignant process in the tissues 41.6%, of which 54% is cancer of the oral mucosa, from 28%, where the cancer of the tongue is in 10% of cases of lung cancer and 8% diagnosed salivary gland cancer. It is rather unfortunate, but in 55% of the observations, the cause of late treatment is organizational and methodological disturbances: not enough complete examination of patients, to the hospital stage (underestimation of clinical data, X-ray changes, incorrect interpretation of the results of additional methods of examination), insufficient prophylactic work among the general population or a sequence of its planning, poor quality preventive examinations, delayed patients in the grass-roots of medical institutions. In spite of the fact that a significant proportion of organs and tissues of maxillofacial area are available for objective and application of additional methods of examination, about 40% of patients have launched forms of malignant processes due to the faults of doctors [2, 3, 5, 8]. In nursery practice, the situation does not look better, since in Ukraine, 3.5% of cases of malignant tumors are diagnosed annually in Ukraine. Unfortunately, in periodicals there are isolated data on primary and metastatic lesions of maxillofacial area in children, although the recognition and treatment of oncosomatic diseases in them in the early stages of development to date present considerable difficulties due to the large variety of clinical manifestations of tumors, age-specific features, dependence of diagnosis malignant neoplasms from the dynamics of growth, localization, local and general changes [6,7]. Therefore, in our opinion, the number of diagnostic errors in children's practice is greater than in adults. The problem is of general medical significance also because, due to topographic and anatomical features of the structures of the head and neck, any pathology of maxillofacial localization is the subject of participation of doctors in various related specialties. Thus, the given clinical case indicates the possibility of a malignant effect of tissues and organs of a child already during the period of fetal development, which greatly complicates the diagnostic procedure and should alert doctors of all specialties.

scholarly journals Possibilities of photodynamic therapy in the treatment of malignant tumors of the oral cavity

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 32-38
Author(s):  
Y. A. Panaseykin ◽  
E. V. Filonenko ◽  
F. E. Sevrukov ◽  
V. V. Polkin ◽  
P. A. Isaev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photodynamic Therapy ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Oral Mucosa ◽  
Surface Defects ◽  
Radiation Treatment ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Functional Results ◽  
Malignant Neoplasms ◽  
Common Disease

Oral mucosa cancer is a common disease with relatively low survival rates. The standard for the treatment of malignant neoplasms (MNO) of the oral mucosa is the surgical method, chemotherapy and / or radiation therapy. With the introduction of modern protocols and the improvement of current treatment methods, the increase in survival is insignificant due to the development of local and distant relapses, the appearance of simultaneous tumors of the oral cavity. Cosmetic and functional results in patients who have undergone complex treatment for oral cancer are often unsatisfactory. There is an obvious need to develop new approaches to treating patients with cancer of the oral mucosa. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has similar properties. With the development of endoscopic and fiber-optic equipment, the fields of PDT application have significantly expanded. Foci in the oral cavity and oropharynx became available for PDT. The early stages of oral mucosal cancer are optimal for PDT because large surface defects can be treated with minimal complications. Preservation of subepithelial and collagen structures, which is typical for PDT, promotes healing without the formation of scar processes, thereby achieving an ideal cosmetic and functional effect. The use of PDT in the treatment of oral cavity cancer is not limited only to the initial stages in an independent version. It is possible to use PDT in combination with surgical and radiation treatment. In case of massive tumor processes, PDT is used for palliative purposes. The influence of the adaptive immune response under the influence of PDT is being studied.

On the clinical course of multiforme exudative erythema of the oral cavity (literature review)

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-74
Author(s):  
A. I. Bulgakova ◽  
Z. R. Hismatullina ◽  
M. V. Zatsepina ◽  
J. A. Kudryavtseva
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Mucous Membrane ◽  
Oral Mucosa ◽  
Erythema Multiforme ◽  
Clinical Picture ◽  
Clinical Course ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Timely Diagnosis ◽  
Mucous Membranes

Relevance. Multiform exudative erythema is a polyetiological disease, which is characterized by damage not only to the skin, but also to the mucous membranes, mainly the mucous membrane of the oral cavity. The article reviews the literature on the clinical course of multiform exudative erythema of the oral cavity.Purpose. Study the clinical course of erythema multiforme.Materials and methods. We conducted a review of studies of the etiology, pathogenesis, prevalence of erythema multiforme according to domestic and foreign authors, and also reflected the identification of various forms and clinical manifestations of this disease.Results. The analysis of clinical manifestations of erythema multiforme exudative in the oral cavity, the most common symptoms and manifestations on the oral mucosa.Conclusion. The clinical picture of lesions of the oral mucosa in multiform exudative erythema is very diverse, which is important for the timely diagnosis of the disease.

scholarly journals THE DYNAMICS OF THE DETECTION OF MALIGNANT TUMORS OF THE LIPS AND ORAL MUCOSA IN THE MOSCOW REGION

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-34
Author(s):  
Irina A. Kryazhinova ◽  
V. V Sadovsky ◽  
E. E Olesov ◽  
E. V Glazkova ◽  
P. V Kashchenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Oral Mucosa ◽  
Annual Report ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Moscow Region ◽  
Malignant Neoplasms ◽  
First Year ◽  
Oncology Research ◽  
Fourth Patient ◽  
Research Institute

The analysis of the prevalence of malignant neoplasms (EIT) on the lips and oral cavity according to the annual report on Russia prepared by the Moscow Oncology research Institute named after P. A. Herzen and the Moscow regional oncologic dispensary. The dynamics of the analysis was carried out for 2011 - 2017 years. The detectability of the lip and oral cavity ZNO in the Moscow region is significant. The incidence of malignant tumors of the oral cavity is more pronounced in comparison with the ZNO lips. The extent of the EIT I-II degree are more characteristic of ZNO lips, and for TESTING of the oral cavity II-III degree. Mortality during the first year after diagnosis was established in every fourth patient with oral HEAT. The prevalence of lip ZNO for the period from 2011 to 2017 decreases, and the ZNO of the oral cavity increases.

Actual Problems and Perspectives of the Application of Nuclear Medicine Techniques in the Diagnostic and Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Analytical Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 58-68
Author(s):  
Андрей Бушманов ◽  
Andrey Bushmanov ◽  
О. Клементьева ◽  
O. Klement'eva ◽  
А. Лабушкина ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Nuclear Medicine ◽  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Distant Metastases ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Traditional Methods ◽  
Early Results

In the presented review of publications, together with a brief analysis of the incidence, risk factors for the occurrence and methods of diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), current problems and prospects for the application of nuclear medicine methods in the diagnosis and treatment of this disease are indicated. Hepatocellular carcinoma is one of the most common malignant tumors of the liver and is characterized by a rapidly progressing course with an unfavorable life expectancy. A variety of clinical manifestations of the disease creates certain difficulties in the early diagnosis of HCC. Although HCC screening is most commonly used to determine the level of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), ultrasound (US), bolus CT and MRI, experience in the use of radionuclide imaging diagnostics, including positron emission tomography, is important in clinical practice (PET), which, not being the main method of primary diagnosis of HCC, however, confirmed their relevance in the differential diagnosis between a benign tumor and metastasis with unclear diagnostic data, as well as in the process of monitoring treatment and in the diagnosis of distant metastases. Conceptual issues in determining the treatment strategy of patients with HCC, depending on the staging of the disease, the prospects for optimizing treatment strategies and traditional methods of treating HCC in detail and in depth are covered in various publications, including publications of domestic authors. Based on this, the authors of the article limited themselves to a brief analysis of the use of embolization and radiation therapy methods for treating HCC, the active development of which in the last decade, as well as promising early results of treatment, suggest that radiation therapy can be considered as the main treatment method for HCC traditional methods. Further study and development of radionuclide methods for the diagnosis and therapy of HCC, as well as the search and study of new radiopharmaceuticals for diagnosis and regional intraarterial radiotherapy is one of the promising directions in modern approaches to the diagnosis and treatment of HCC.

scholarly journals Fungal lesions of the oral mucosa

2020 ◽  
Vol 102 (3) ◽  
pp. 72
Author(s):  
I. Mazur ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Fungal Infection ◽  
Mucous Membrane ◽  
Oral Mucosa ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
General Characteristic ◽  
Treatment Regimens ◽  
Classification And Treatment

Summary. The article presents data on the systematization of fungal lesions, which can be manifested in the oral cavity, their clinical manifestations and treatment regimens. The general characteristic of clinical manifestations in the case of a lesion of the mucous membrane of the oral cavity and the human body as a whole is a fungal infection. The most common diseases in the oral cavity are caused by yeast-like fungi of the genus Candida. The risk factors for the development of this infection, classification and treatment regimens for candidosis disease of the oral cavity are presented.

scholarly journals Exploring Health Professionals’ Perceptions of Chemotherapy and Radiation Therapy-Related Oral Mucositis

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle Kang ◽  
Mark Schifter ◽  
Terry Whittle ◽  
Jennifer Curnow ◽  
Michael Veness ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
Oral Mucositis ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Radiation Oncology ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Haematopoietic Stem Cell ◽  
Oral Medicine ◽  
Management Interventions ◽  
Complete Treatment ◽  
Question Survey

Abstract Purpose Determine health professionals’ (HPs’) perceptions of oral mucositis (OM), including clinical presentation of chemotherapy (CT)-induced vs radiation therapy (RT)-induced OM, its assessment and management. Methods HPs involved in the care of head and neck cancer (HNC) patients receiving RT to the oral cavity/oropharynx and haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) patients receiving mucositis-inducing CT regimens were invited to participate in a customised 20-question survey. Themes included OM presentation, assessment and management. Results Survey response rate was 81.4%. Most were nurses (33%) and specialist doctors/dentists (25%). Majority (45%) identified as part of the haematology service, followed by radiation oncology (32%). Most haematology and radiation oncology HPs (89% and 70%, respectively) agreed/strongly agreed that OM impacted patients’ ability to complete treatment. There was a significant association (p<0.01) between HPs’ specialty and their perceptions of OM manifestations. Most radiation oncology (85%) and all oral medicine HPs agreed/strongly agreed that clinical manifestations of CT-induced OM and RT-induced OM were different, whereas haematology HPs varied in their perceptions (11% disagreed, 41% were neutral and 48% agreed/strongly agreed). There was uncertainty regarding differences in management of CT vs RT-induced OM: 30% of haematology HPs and 45% of radiation oncology HPs agreed/strongly agreed but most (52% and 45%, respectively in each group) responded “neutral.” Conclusion OM was recognised to adversely impact HSCT and HNC RT patients’ ability to complete treatment. There were differences in HPs’ perceived understanding of OM manifestations and management. Interventions to address these may reduce unwanted variations in patient care and outcomes.

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