scholarly journals INFORMAL SKILL AMONG ORANG ASLI COMMUNITY OF JAKUN TRIBES IN TOURISM SECTOR

2019 ◽  
pp. 44-56
Author(s):  
Rohayu Roddin ◽  
Yusmarwati Yusof ◽  
Marina Ibrahim Mukhtar ◽  
Syamnor Syaza Dania Badrol Hisham
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
Local Area ◽  
Orang Asli ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Tourism Sector ◽  
Handicraft Production ◽  
Development Department

Tourism is one of the areas that can be used as a strategy in generating local community income. Through tourism, communities are able to earn income through the informal skills they have possessed. The Orang Asli community of Jakun in Kampung Peta that located near Endau-Rompin National Park is one of the indigenous tribes who use their informal skills in generating income through tourism. Through a case study, five participants from the Orang Asli community were interviewed and supported by two staff from the Orang Asli Development Department (JAKOA) of Mersing district. The results of the interviews showed that skills such as boat drivers, tourist guides, handicraft production, cultural activities, and food production can be a tourist attraction that contributes to the income of this community. As they live close to the National Park, it is also an advantage to them as it attracts tourist arrivals to their local area. Hence, tourism activities indirectly help these communities generate income derived from their informal skills that are translated in the form of goods and services. This study is expected to be a reference to the other indigenous communities in using their skills as an advantage in generating income.

scholarly journals PENGLIBATAN KOMUNITI TEMPATAN DALAM KEUSAHAWANAN PELANCONGAN: KAJIAN KES PULAU PERHENTIAN, MALAYSIA[ENGAGEMENT OF LOCAL COMMUNITY IN TOURISM ENTREPRENEURSHIP: A CASE STUDY OF PERHENTIAN ISLAND, MALAYSIA]

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 103
Author(s):  
Norhafiza Md Sharif ◽  
Ku 'Azam Tuan Lonik
Keyword(s):  
Community Involvement ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Poverty Rate ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Community Empowerment ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Tourism Sector ◽  
The Government ◽  
Negative Impacts

This study aims to examine the empowerment of local communities as tourism operators, as well as to analyze their perceptions of the economic impacts on Pulau Perhentian. The study used quantitative method involving 150 respondents comprising local communities working as tour operators. The respondents were recruited using purposive sampling and snowball technique. The findings reveal that the majority of tourism operators are male, aged between 25 to 44, with secondary level of education and married. Most of the operators have been managing their business for 16 to 20 years and have earned an estimated monthly income of RM1001.00 to RM2000.00. The study concludes that the tourism sector has contributed to: a) reducing unemployment rate, b) providing employment opportunities for women and single mothers, c) encouraging the involvement of local communities in the field of tourism entrepreneurial, e) generating income to communities, f) attracting foreign investors to invest, and g) reducing poverty rate. However, local communities are also affected by the negative impacts of the tourism sector such as: a) rising prices for goods and services, b) rising cost of living, and c) increasing the value of real estate and rental rates. This study is hoped to provide useful insights into the tourism entrepreneurship at Pulau Perhentian so that the government can take necessary actions in improving the sector.Keywords: Community empowerment, community involvement, island tourism entrepreneurial, entrepreneurial characteristics, economic impactCite as: Md Sharif, N. & Tuan Lonik, K.A. (2018). Penglibatan komuniti tempatan dalam keusahawanan pelancongan: Kajian kes Pulau Perhentian, Malaysia [Engagement of local community in tourism entrepreneurship: A case study of Perhentian Island, Malaysia]. Journalof Nusantara Studies, 3(1),103-119. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jonus.vol3iss1pp103-119  AbstrakKajian ini bertujuan untuk melihat pemerkasaan komuniti tempatan sebagai pengusaha pelancongan, serta menganalisa persepsi mereka terhadap impak ekonomi di Pulau Perhentian. Kajian ini menggunakan kaedah kuantitatif yang melibatkan 150 orang responden yang terdiri daripada komuniti tempatan yang terlibat sebagai pengusaha pelancongan dengan menggunakan prosedur persampelan jenis bertujuan dan bola salji. Hasil kajian mendapati majoriti pengusaha pelancongan tempatan adalah terdiri daripada lelaki, berumur 25 hingga 44 tahun, menerima pendidikan sehingga sekolah menengah dan berstatus berkahwin. Kebanyakan pengusaha menjalankan perniagaan selama 16 hingga 20 tahun dan memperoleh anggaran pendapatan bulanan RM1001 hingga RM2000. Kajian ini mendapati pembangunan sektor pelancongan di Pulau Perhentian berupaya: a) mengurangkan kadar pengangguran, b) memberi peluang pekerjaan kepada kaum wanita serta ibu tunggal, c) menyumbang kepada penglibatan komuniti tempatan dalam bidang keusahawanan pelancongan, d) menawarkan peluang pekerjaan kepada penduduk, e) menyumbang kepada pendapatan penduduk, f) menarik minat pelabur asing untuk melabur, dan g) mengurangkan kadar kemiskinan. Namun, komuniti turut terkesan oleh impak negatif daripada sektor pelancongan seperti: a) peningkatan harga barangan dan perkhidmatan, b) peningkatan kos sara hidup, dan c) peningkatan nilai hartanah dan kadar sewa tanah. Dalam masa yang sama, pengusaha terlibat mengharapkan kerjasama daripada pihak kerajaan dalam memainkan peranan dalam memajukan industri pelancongan pulau tersebut.Kata kunci: Pemerkasaan komuniti, penglibatan komuniti, keusahawanan pelancongan pulau, ciri keusahawanan, impak ekonomi

scholarly journals KOMUNITI MAPAN: PENILAIAN TAHAP KEMAPANAN KOMUNITI ORANG ASLI TEMIAR DI NEGERI PERAK

2007 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khairul Hisyam Kamarudin ◽  
Ibrahim Ngah
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Development Strategy ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
Traditional Practice ◽  
Sustainable Practices ◽  
Orang Asli ◽  
Sustainable Community ◽  
Knowledge And Practice

In the declaration of the Conference on Environment and Development at Rio de Janeiro 1992, the role of indigenous people in environmental management and development for achieving sustainability was recognized because of their knowledge and traditional practice. However, the value and traditional practices of the indigenous communities today has gradually disappeared due to pressure from modernization and influence of market economy, which penetrated them. The study examine the extent to which the knowledge and practice of the Orang Asli community comply with sustainable development principles and how their knowledge and practice could be used to derive a framework for sustainable development strategies of Orang Asli community. As an introduction, this article present an alternative thought on the concept and also suggestions on the characteristics of sustainable community. This study revealed that, sustainable community should be guided by a set of system which maintains the relationship of trinity; i.e. relationship between Man and his Creator, Man and Man, and Man and Environment. Eventually, this would help to attain balanced and sustained development economically, socially, environmentally and spiritually. Another part of the study involves an in-depth case study on the selected Orang Asli Temiar settlements in the state of Perak. Based on a case study of Orang Asli Temiar communities of Kampung Perjek and Kuala Mu, the study evaluated the level of sustainability of the community's base on the indicators formulated. Forty-five (45) indicators were finalized in a comprehensive 1nanner covering economic, social and physical dimensions. These indicators were then categorized into behaviour, system and situational components. Fieldworks were conducted and the level of sustainability of each indicator was analyzed based on the information collected and index was used to measure the overall sustainability. This study shows variability of sustainability levels of each indicator. Findings from the first part of the analysis (sustainability level for each indicator) showed that only nine of the 16 behaviour indicators have achieved sustainability level. Under system category, only two out of 10 indicators achieved the level of sustainability and for indicators under state category, seven out of 19 indicators achieved the sustainability level. Meanwhile, for the index analysis (overall sustainability level of each dimension) it showed that the levels of sustainability were moderate for the social and physical/ecological indicators (42.1 % and 60.0%) and low for the economic indicators (25.0%). Based on the findings and discussions with the local community, this study suggests a framework for the sustainable development strategy which includes; (1) conserve or encourage continuation of current sustainable practices, (2) improve or change the unsustainable or low level of sustainable practices and (3) develop the potential of the area in a sustainable manner.  

scholarly journals KOMUNITI MAPAN: PENILAIAN TAHAP KEMAPANAN KOMUNITI ORANG ASLI TEMIAR DI NEGERI PERAK

2007 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Khairul Hisyam Kamarudin ◽  
Ibrahim Ngah
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Development Strategy ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
Traditional Practice ◽  
Sustainable Practices ◽  
Orang Asli ◽  
Sustainable Community ◽  
Knowledge And Practice

In the declaration of the Conference on Environment and Development at Rio de Janeiro 1992, the role of indigenous people in environmental management and development for achieving sustainability was recognized because of their knowledge and traditional practice. However, the value and traditional practices of the indigenous communities today has gradually disappeared due to pressure from modernization and influence of market economy, which penetrated them. The study examine the extent to which the knowledge and practice of the Orang Asli community comply with sustainable development principles and how their knowledge and practice could be used to derive a framework for sustainable development strategies of Orang Asli community. As an introduction, this article present an alternative thought on the concept and also suggestions on the characteristics of sustainable community. This study revealed that, sustainable community should be guided by a set of system which maintains the relationship of trinity; i.e. relationship between Man and his Creator, Man and Man, and Man and Environment. Eventually, this would help to attain balanced and sustained development economically, socially, environmentally and spiritually. Another part of the study involves an in-depth case study on the selected Orang Asli Temiar settlements in the state of Perak. Based on a case study of Orang Asli Temiar communities of Kampung Perjek and Kuala Mu, the study evaluated the level of sustainability of the community's base on the indicators formulated. Forty-five (45) indicators were finalized in a comprehensive 1nanner covering economic, social and physical dimensions. These indicators were then categorized into behaviour, system and situational components. Fieldworks were conducted and the level of sustainability of each indicator was analyzed based on the information collected and index was used to measure the overall sustainability. This study shows variability of sustainability levels of each indicator. Findings from the first part of the analysis (sustainability level for each indicator) showed that only nine of the 16 behaviour indicators have achieved sustainability level. Under system category, only two out of 10 indicators achieved the level of sustainability and for indicators under state category, seven out of 19 indicators achieved the sustainability level. Meanwhile, for the index analysis (overall sustainability level of each dimension) it showed that the levels of sustainability were moderate for the social and physical/ecological indicators (42.1 % and 60.0%) and low for the economic indicators (25.0%). Based on the findings and discussions with the local community, this study suggests a framework for the sustainable development strategy which includes; (1) conserve or encourage continuation of current sustainable practices, (2) improve or change the unsustainable or low level of sustainable practices and (3) develop the potential of the area in a sustainable manner.  

Concept of Balance in the Hindu-Balinese Community for Sustainable Tourist Park Spatial Planning

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 193
Author(s):  
Muh. Fakhri Jamaluddin ◽  
Mohamad Sapari Dwi Hadian ◽  
Awaludin Nugraha
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Planning ◽  
Open Space ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Local Area ◽  
Cultural Patterns ◽  
Cultural Conditions ◽  
Tourism Sector ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
A Site

The rapid development of Bali tourism sector, especially in the tourist area of Lake Batur, lead to many changes in community cultural patterns. Several issues, such as the transition of space functions and the development of tourism designations, have not considered the environmental, economic, social and cultural conditions in the local area. Several regional policies were established in order to maintain the local wisdom of the Hindu-Balinese community and become the basis for organizing tourism in Bali. The availability of open space in a tourist attraction in an destination can be a supporting factor for tourists and local communities. This was a qualitative descriptive study. This method aims to obtain an in-depth description regarding the forms of local wisdom of the Hindu-Balinese community which contain the elements of balance which further be adjusted into spatial planning. A sustainable tourist park may be a site for the activities and interaction among local community, tourists, and also be able to become a forum for education regarding Balinese culture and the natural environment, both of which need to be preserved for the sustainability of Lake Batur tourist area which has a great potential in the development of tourism sector.

The Impact of Concessioners on Sustainability in and around U.S. National Parks: A Case Study of Grand Teton National Park Concessioners

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Qwynne Lackey ◽  
Kelly Bricker
Keyword(s):  
Social Exchange ◽  
National Parks ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
National Park ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Private Industry ◽  
Grand Teton National Park ◽  
The Impact

Concessioners play an important role in park and protected area management by providing visitor services. Historically, concessioners were criticized for their negative impacts on environmental sustainability. However, due to policy changes, technological advances, and shifting market demands, there is a need to reevaluate the role of concessioners in sustainable destination management in and around parks and protected areas. The purpose of this qualitative case study situated in Grand Teton National Park (GTNP), which was guided by social exchange theory, was to explore U.S. national park concessioners’ influence on sustainable development at the destination level from the perspective of National Park Service (NPS) staff, concessioners, and local community members. Sustainability was examined holistically as a multifaceted construct with integrated socioeconomic, cultural, and environmental dimensions. Twenty-three participants completed semistructured interviews. Researchers identified four thematic categories describing concessioners’ influence on sustainability; motivations and barriers to pursuing sustainability initiatives; and situational factors that facilitated concessioners’ sustainability actions. While participants commented on the negative environmental impacts of concessioners and their operations, these data suggest that concessioners were working individually and collaboratively to promote environmental, socioeconomic, and cultural sustainability in and around GTNP. Some concessioners were even described as leaders, testing and driving the development of innovative sustainability policies and practices. These actions were motivated, in part, by contractual obligations and profit generation. However, concessioners also had strong intangible motivators, such as intrinsic values and a strong sense of community, that drove their positive contributions to sustainability. Based on these data, we recommend that those involved in future theoretical and practical work with concessioners acknowledge the importance of both tangible and intangible motivators when attempting to promote higher levels of sustainability achievement and collaboration. This will become increasingly important as land management agencies continue to embrace strategies beyond the traditional “parks as islands” approach to management. Additionally, future work should explore more specifically the role of policy, conceptualizations of sustainability, and private industry sponsorship in promoting concessioners’ contributions to sustainability, especially in collaborative settings. This work is needed to understand if and how these observations generalize to other contexts.

The Role of Trade Policy in Sustainable Tourism Inclusivity in Africa

2021 ◽  
pp. 169-182
Author(s):  
Msafiri Njoroge
Keyword(s):  
Community Participation ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Sustainable Tourism ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Trade Policies ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Tourist Destinations ◽  
Tourism Sector ◽  
Practical Sense

When local communities are allowed to participate fully in tourism trade activities either through supplying goods and services or direct employment in the tourism sector-inclusiveness of tourism, trade can be realized in a practical sense. Research indicates that, in most tourist destinations in Africa, the tourism trade continues to be characterized by environmental and social-cultural degradation and inadequate local community participation associated with revenue leakages and weak economic linkages. The mechanism on how tourism trade contributes inclusively on local communities' benefits such as inclusive growth and poverty alleviation remains unclear. Despite destination economies engaging in services liberalization, little evidence exists on how such trade policies have been beneficial at enhancing inclusive benefits of the tourism trade. Therefore, this chapter aims to clarify how trade policies can be employed to promote the inclusiveness of the tourism trade.

scholarly journals Power of Forest Stakeholders in the Participatory Decision Making Process: A Case Study in Northern Italy

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro Paletto ◽  
Jessica Balest ◽  
Isabella Demeo ◽  
Grazia Giacovelli ◽  
Gianluca Grilli
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Public Administration ◽  
Participatory Process ◽  
Italian Alps ◽  
Real Power ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Tourism Sector ◽  
Forest Use ◽  
Management Issues

AbstractIn European countries, current forest use aims to enhance goods and services supplied by forest ecosystems, taking into account the multiple needs and interests of society through a participatory process. A successful participatory process requires a thorough analysis of stakeholders’ perceptions and preferences. The aim of this paper is to investigate the differences between stakeholders’ perceived influence and real power in forest management. A questionnaire survey was carried out among 51 forest stakeholders in a case study in the Italian Alps. Perceived influence was measured by asking stakeholders to rate on a 5-point scale the extent to which they can influence forest management issues. Real power was analyzed using social network analysis (SNA), investigating the relationships that stakeholders have with each other in the network. Real power was measured using a Freeman’s degree centrality measure, which focuses on the direct ties coming in and out for each stakeholder. The results show that public administration is the category of stakeholders with the most power in all forest management issues, while the actors of the tourism sector are in a marginal position. In addition, the results of the study suggest that in many cases stakeholders have a distorted perception of their own power.

scholarly journals Ecotourism for Eco Friendly Guest and Green Host - A Case Study on Thenmala Ecotourism Project, Kerala

1970 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-47
Author(s):  
T A Binoy
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
National Parks ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
Environment Impact ◽  
Nature And Culture ◽  
Environment Impact Assessment

Ecotourism is a purposeful travel to understand the nature and culture of a particular area taking care not to alter the integrity of the ecosystem, while producing economic opportunities that make conservation of natural resources beneficial to the local people. Protected Areas such as national Parks, Biosphere Reserves and Wild Life Sanctuaries have figured prominently in biodiversity conservation and well-designed and managed Protected Areas can form the pinnacle of nation's efforts to protect biological diversity and also provide opportunities for recreation and tourism. Scientific studies show that planning ecotourism in Protected Areas as done in Thenmala ecotourism project, Kerala, first planned ecotourism project in India, which can be a model for other such destination development programmes. In Protected areas, developing forests as recreation spots can mitigate hardships of indigenous communities. This will provide monetary returns to thepublic exchequer, while protecting bio diverse patches with the support of the local community. For better planning and implementation of different components of ecotourism, zonalisation, site-specific action plan, reliable estimates of carrying. capacity and Environment Impact Assessment may be done in all the Protected Areas so as to avoid the ill effects of tourism. This research paper analyses and evaluates the methodology and typology of ecotourism practices at Thenmala, Kerala and proposing Thenmala as a model for the development of similar program in India

scholarly journals Heritage for Development, Multiethnic Communities, and the Case of Butrint National Park on the Albanian-Greek Border

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 37-54
Author(s):  
Dana Phelps
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
World Heritage Site ◽  
Local Power ◽  
Heritage Site ◽  
Unesco World Heritage Site ◽  
Transitioning Countries ◽  
Set Up

The case study presented in this paper is an account of six months of ethnographic fieldwork that I conducted between 2010 and 2013 in the villages within the UNESCO World Heritage site of Butrint National Park, located on the Albanian-Greek border. My ethnography reveals the particularly complex tangle that exists between development and heritage projects in transitioning countries such as Albania, which is re-positioning its governance within a neoliberal framework. The research takes an anthropological approach to investigate how the “heritage for development” projects at Butrint National Park are affecting the local community and distressing local power relations and social inequalities, while at the same time are instilling a sense of place for many of these communities that have relocated or were forced from their homes during the post-communist period as a result of confusion over land ownership. This case study demonstrates that while sustainable heritage practices are often overpowered by neoliberal agendas, heritage repurposed towards development has real and powerful effects on the communities connected to the site. In this paper I argue that we need anthro­pologically informed studies that give due attention to the realities of the communities connected to the site in order to reveal how sustainable heritage policies that are not set up to protect the community can have detrimental effects on the locals, including reinforced structural inequality, marginalization of minorities, and divisions among communities.

The Role of Information Communications Technology in Retrieving Local Community

2007 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 211-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hazel Ashton ◽  
David C. Thorns
Keyword(s):  
Local Community ◽  
Local Area ◽  
Social Infrastructure ◽  
Local Populations ◽  
Information Communications Technology ◽  
Communications Technologies ◽  
Ict Tools ◽  
Information Communications Technologies

The article explores the decline in social connectivity and the questions of whether and how local populations can use information–communications technologies (ICTs) to help reconnect. At the center of this debate are problems in conceptualizing community in today's globalizing network society. As well as challenges to older ideas about community, these problems include the impacts of numerous contemporary societal and global pressures on communities themselves. The first step of community renewal is what Scott Lash (1994) refers to as the “retrieval” of community, which is to be a genuinely participatory process, rather than presuming community already exists or engineering a consensus about what it is or what it wants. Some governments are now suggesting that a way to reconnect local populations in order to recover lost sociability and rebuild social infrastructure is through using ICTs as a major tool. Using the New Zealand Government policy contained in the Connecting Communities programme (2002) and the Digital Strategy (2004), the article explores and provides a critique of the strategies being advocated, particularly with respect to the use of the concepts of community and connectivity. A case study of the development and use of ICT tools for community retrieval within a particular local area is used to identify some pitfalls and argue for approaches to connectivity that effectively utilize ICTs as community networking tools.

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