scholarly journals STATE OF CENOPOPULATIONS OF SOME RARE SPECIES OF PLANTS OF SAMARA REGION iN THE TERRITORY OF NATURE MONUMENT OF REGIONAL IMPORTANCE "SERNOVODNY SHIKHAN"

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-15
Author(s):  
T.E. Zenkina ◽  
V.N. Il'ina
Keyword(s):  
Rare Species ◽  
Soil Cover ◽  
Local Density ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Energy Costs ◽  
Density Maps ◽  
Ontogenetic Structure ◽  
Random Placement ◽  
Mosaic Distribution ◽  
Independent Distribution

The condition of cenopopulations of four rare species ( Artemisia salsoloides , Hedysarum grandiflorum , Oxytropis floribunda , Stipa korshinskyi ) in the petrophytic steppes of the High Zavolzh'yе (High Transvolga, Samara region) was studied on the basis of the regularities of their spatial and ontogenetic structure. The data were processed using the software package R, which allows us to perform calculations of spatial statistics. Thus, stationarity, isotropy, and intensity of plant objects location were evaluated. The mosaic distribution of individuals of all species recorded within the boundaries of the study area was characterized. Using local density maps, the sparseness of individuals on the outskirts of the model site, caused by cattle grazing, was revealed. The behavior of the Ripley's function showed an independent distribution of species as a consequence of weak interspecies competition. The spatial pattern and age spectrum of the studied rare protected dominant species were analyzed. The absence of seedlings and senile plants due to exposure to unfavorable factors of exogenous nature was noted. The im-v and g states were the most numerous. In accordance with the behavior of the K(r) function, the random placement of the four predominant species was revealed, indicating their optimal location within the study area. Patterns of mutual placement of pregenerative and generative individuals of Artemisia salsoloides, Hedysarum grandiflorum, and Oxytropis floribunda were studied. Calculation of the Ripley's cross-function showed that individuals of different age groups of the described species are located independently from each other, demonstrating the absence of intraspecific competition. Undoubtedly, the spatial distribution of individuals of the plant species composing the phytocenosis is influenced both by grazing and by the features of the soil cover of the site, which is manifested by significant elimination of plants at the initial stages of ontogenesis. Nevertheless, the cenopopulations of rare species are stable, mature and promising, and the individuals are distributed in an optimal way that minimizes energy costs.

scholarly journals A compilation of energy costs of physical activities

2005 ◽  
Vol 8 (7a) ◽  
pp. 1153-1183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario Vaz ◽  
Nadine Karaolis ◽  
Alizon Draper ◽  
Prakash Shetty
Keyword(s):  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Physical Activities ◽  
World Health ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Energy Costs ◽  
Expert Consultation ◽  
Manual Search ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Existing Data

AbstractObjectivesThere were two objectives: first, to review the existing data on energy costs of specified activities in the light of the recommendations made by the Joint Food and Agriculture Organization/World Health Organization/United Nations University (FAO/WHO/UNU) Expert Consultation of 1985. Second, to compile existing data on the energy costs of physical activities for an updated annexure of the current Expert Consultation on Energy and Protein Requirements.DesignElectronic and manual search of the literature (predominantly English) to obtain published data on the energy costs of physical activities. The majority of the data prior to 1955 were obtained using an earlier compilation of Passmore and Durnin. Energy costs were expressed as physical activity ratio (PAR); the energy cost of the activity divided by either the measured or predicted basal metabolic rate (BMR).ResultsThe compilation provides PARs for an expanded range of activities that include general personal activities, transport, domestic chores, occupational activities, sports and other recreational activities for men and women, separately, where available. The present compilation is largely in agreement with the 1985 compilation, for activities that are common to both compilations.ConclusionsThe present compilation has been based on the need to provide data on adults for a wide spectrum of human activity. There are, however, lacunae in the available data for many activities, between genders, across age groups and in various physiological states.

scholarly journals Poliomyelitis in Auckland, 1947–1949. An epidemiological study

1950 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 96-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. W. S. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Local Density ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Inverse Correlation ◽  
Periodic Effect ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Lower Severity ◽  
Low Incidence ◽  
Rural Dwellers ◽  
Sanitary Conditions

(a) This paper is a study of a poliomyelitis epidemic in the Central Auckland Health District which commenced in November 1947, and by the end of April 1949 had produced 345 cases in a population of about 350,000.(b) Incidence per 10,000 reached 8·0 in the city, 15·4 in the country districts, and 21·5 in certain urban areas lying between city and country.(c) In general, incidence was inversely related to population density. Abnormally high incidences in some urban areas was attributed to influx of rural dwellers in recent years. Unusually low incidence in one city area may have been related to the periodic effect of race meetings in increasing the local density.(d) The three previous Auckland epidemics showed a successively declining incidence, and were linked by periods of grumbling activity. The present epidemic was preceded by a lull, and its toll has approached that of the 1916 epidemic. It is probable that a new cycle has begun which will imitate the first, but on a lower scale.(e) Spot maps showed that the disease was already widespread before the first positive cases revealed its presence. Some ebb and flow, but no actual movement from one area to another, occurred during its course. An interesting feature was the comparative rarity of cases in the neighbourhood of the city's sewage-polluted bathing beaches.(f) An inverse correlation was noted between the ratios of ‘suspect’ to positive cases established in a previous inquiry, and the incidence of cases with paralysis or paresis in various age/sex groups. High ratios indicated lower severity.(g) It was estimated that by the end of April 1949, all boys 10–15 years in Auckland had been affected by poliomyelitis, either ‘suspect’ or positive. Less than half the girls of this age had been affected. Estimates are given for the other age groups.(h) Families of cases showed no significant difference in composition from the average in the area.(i) No correlation, whether inverse or direct, was found between sanitary conditions in schools and the incidence of positive cases.(j) The cycle of poliomyelitis in the community is discussed in the light of these findings.

scholarly journals Demographic structure of Caryophyllaceae Juss. rare species coenopopulations in Uzbekistan

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 00081
Author(s):  
Khabibullo Shomurodov ◽  
Ozodbek Abduraimov ◽  
Nodira Rakhimova ◽  
Vasila Sharipova ◽  
Rizamat Khayitov
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Plant Communities ◽  
Rare Species ◽  
Stable State ◽  
Biological Characteristics ◽  
Demographic Structure ◽  
Ecological Conditions ◽  
Ontogenetic Structure ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Kyzylkum Desert

The article is devoted to the assessment state of the ontogenetic structure of some rare species of the Caryophyllaceae Juss. (Acanthophyllum cyrtostegium Vved. and Silene tomentella Schischk.), listed in the Red book of the Republic of Uzbekistan. In different ecological conditions and plant communities in the Kyzylkum desert, the studied coenopopulations are normal, but incomplete. In most cases, yang grows is absent, which indicates an irregular renewal and elimination of young individuals due to lack of soil moisture, which is often observed in desert conditions. The ontogenetic spectra of investigated coenopopulations are centered and it coincides with the theoretically established spectrum. This, in general, reflects the biological characteristics of the studied species and indicates a stable state of the examined coenopopulations.

scholarly journals State of populations of the rarest protected vascular plants of the “Strizhament” (Stavropol Krai)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.N. Arutyanova ◽  
◽  
A.A. Ogandzhanian ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Rare Species ◽  
Vascular Plants ◽  
The State ◽  
Ontogenetic Structure ◽  
Stavropol Krai

The state and structure of Anemone caucasica Willd cenopulations has been studied. ex Rupr., Campanula persicifolia L., Vincetoxicum stauropolitanum Robed. – rare species included in the Red Book of the Stavropol Krai (KKSK). The area, number and density of individuals in the CPU were determined, the ontogenetic structure was studied, which allows characterizing the state and prospects for the development of cenopulations.

scholarly journals On the dynamics of the ontogenetic structure of Astragalus henningii (Stev.) Klok. cenopopulations. (steppe Trans-Volga region)

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 221-224
Author(s):  
V. N. Ilyina
Keyword(s):  
Rare Species ◽  
Volga Region ◽  
Absolute Maximum ◽  
Ontogenetic Structure ◽  
The Absolute

Data on the ontogenetic structure of natural cenopopulations of the rare species Astragalus henningii (Stev.)Klok. on the territory of the Samara steppe Trans-Volga region are presented. Ontogenetic spectra have been determinedfor 35 cenopopulations on the territory of natural monuments of regional significance in the Samara region (Koshkinskaya Balka, Balka Kladovaya, Kostinskye loga, Gryzly, Mulin dol). The basic ontogenetic spectrum of cenopopulationsis one-vertex right-modal, the absolute maximum in it is represented by old generative individuals (35.7 %). The ontogeny of the species is at least 20 years, the longest in terms of time are the mature generative – 6–9 years and the old generative – 5–8 years.

scholarly journals Spatial-ontogenetic structure of Globularia bisnagarica L. (Plantaginaceae) cenopopulations

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 342-346
Author(s):  
Anna O. Kondratieva ◽  
◽  
Alena S. Parkhomenko ◽  
Alexandr S. Kashin ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Structure ◽  
Age Structure ◽  
Intraspecific Competition ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Mutual Arrangement ◽  
Spatial Relationships ◽  
Orenburg Region ◽  
Recovery Index ◽  
Ontogenetic Structure ◽  
The Republic

The results of studying the spatial-ontogenetic structure of five cenopopulations of Globularia bisnagarica L. on the territory of the Orenburg region and the Republic of Tatarstan are presented. Analysis of the age structure using the OntoParam program algorithm revealed the heterogeneity of ontogenetic spectra in most cenopopulations. Assessment of the parameters of average age, recovery index and ageing index showed that most cenopopulations are capable of self-restoration and maintenance of numerosity. Analysis of spatial structure taking into account the ontogenetic state of individuals showed that the spatial relationships between pregenerative and generative individuals is random in most cases, which indicates the absence of any pronounced interactions between plants from these age groups. In the cenopopulation from Severny district of the Orenburg region, there is a slight sparseness in the mutual arrangement of pregenerative and generative individuals, which may be due to the influence of intraspecific competition.

scholarly journals Features of the Demographic Structure and the Condition of Populations of the Rare Relic Hedysarum Gmelinii Ledeb. (Fabaceae) in Peripheral and Central Parts of Its Distribution Range

2020 ◽  
Vol 74 (6) ◽  
pp. 385-395
Author(s):  
Larisa M. Abramova ◽  
Valentina N. Ilyina ◽  
Anna E. Mitroshenkova ◽  
Alfia N. Mustafina ◽  
Zinnur H. Shigapov
Keyword(s):  
Rare Species ◽  
Distribution Range ◽  
Anthropogenic Load ◽  
Volga Region ◽  
Altai Mountains ◽  
Demographic Structure ◽  
High Moisture ◽  
Middle Volga Region ◽  
Ontogenetic Structure ◽  
Middle Volga

AbstractThe features of the ontogenetic structure of cenopopulations of a rare species Hedysarum gmelinii Ledeb. (Fabaceae) were studied on the periphery of its range (the Middle Volga region and the Bashkir Cis-Urals) and in its central part (the Altai Mountains region). Types of cenopopulations were determined according to the “delta-omega” criterion: in the Bashkir Urals, they were mostly young, in the Middle Volga region, they were mature, in the Altai Mountains, they were maturing. The proportion of pregenerative individuals in populations increases in habitats with high moisture levels. Anthropogenic load (mainly in the form of grazing) had a greater effect on the number and density of individuals, rather than on the type of ontogenetic spectrum of cenopopulations.

scholarly journals The structure and state of populations of Iris pumila L. in the Samara region

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 302-306
Author(s):  
V. N. Ilyina
Keyword(s):  
Rare Species ◽  
Demographic Parameters ◽  
Ontogenetic Structure ◽  
Iris Pumila

Data on the ontogenetic structure of natural coenopopulations of the rare species Iris pumila L. arepresented. Ontogenetic spectra, demographic parameters, and the type of coenopopulations are determined by the “deltaomega” criterion. Of the 30 cenopopulations studied, 18 are mature, 5 are transitional, 4 are aging, 3 are ripening. Averagedensity – 2.8 individuals per 1 m2.

scholarly journals The human respiratory tract microbial community structures in healthy and cystic fibrosis infants

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie-Madlen Pust ◽  
Lutz Wiehlmann ◽  
Colin Davenport ◽  
Isa Rudolf ◽  
Anna-Maria Dittrich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Microbial Community ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Rare Species ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Metagenomic Sequencing ◽  
Human Respiratory Tract ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
Microbial Community Structures

AbstractThe metagenome development of the human respiratory tract was investigated by shotgun metagenome metagenomic sequencing of cough swabs from healthy children and children with cystic fibrosis (CF) between 3 weeks and 6 years of age. A healthy microbial community signature was associated with increased absolute abundances in terms of bacterial–human cell ratios of core and rare species across all age groups, with a higher diversity of rare species and a tightly interconnected species co-occurrence network, in which individual members were found in close proximity to each other and negative correlations were absent. Even without typical CF pathogens, the CF infant co-occurrence network was found to be less stable and prone to fragmentation due to fewer connections between species, a higher number of bridging species and the presence of negative species correlations. Detection of low-abundant DNA of the CF hallmark pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa was neither disease- nor age-associated in our cohort. Healthy and CF children come into contact with P. aeruginosa on a regular basis and from early on.

scholarly journals Density-independent and -dependent habitat selection of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) based on geostatistical aggregation curves in the northern Gulf of St Lawrence

2010 ◽  
Vol 67 (8) ◽  
pp. 1676-1686 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hacène Tamdrari ◽  
Martin Castonguay ◽  
Jean-Claude Brêthes ◽  
Daniel Duplisea
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Selection ◽  
Gadus Morhua ◽  
Atlantic Cod ◽  
Local Density ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Spatial Dynamics ◽  
Entire Area ◽  
Dynamics Models ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract Tamdrari, H., Castonguay, M., Brêthes, J-C., and Duplisea, D. 2010. Density-independent and -dependent habitat selection of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) based on geostatistical aggregation curves in the northern Gulf of St Lawrence. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 67: 1676–1686. Relationships were sought between local density and population abundance of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) in the northern Gulf of St Lawrence (Canada) over its entire area (4RS) and also within a subarea (4R) where the stock has concentrated since it collapsed during the early 1990s. Relationships were analysed using geostatistical aggregation curves computed within the two areas between years of contrasting abundance levels. The curves were interpreted in terms of four conceptual models of spatial dynamics: models D1 and D2, forced mainly by environmental heterogeneity, and models D3 and D4, in which individual behaviour is influenced by local density. Over the entire area, the cod population follows the D2 model for all years and age groups, and it is influenced by abiotic factors. Within the subarea, all four models applied, and the density-dependent basin model (D4) dominated from 2006 to 2008. The year 2006 seems to be pivotal because it coincides with the expansion of the cod population into its former area in the western Gulf (4S).

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