scholarly journals Spatial-ontogenetic structure of Globularia bisnagarica L. (Plantaginaceae) cenopopulations

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 342-346
Author(s):  
Anna O. Kondratieva ◽  
◽  
Alena S. Parkhomenko ◽  
Alexandr S. Kashin ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Structure ◽  
Age Structure ◽  
Intraspecific Competition ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Mutual Arrangement ◽  
Spatial Relationships ◽  
Orenburg Region ◽  
Recovery Index ◽  
Ontogenetic Structure ◽  
The Republic

The results of studying the spatial-ontogenetic structure of five cenopopulations of Globularia bisnagarica L. on the territory of the Orenburg region and the Republic of Tatarstan are presented. Analysis of the age structure using the OntoParam program algorithm revealed the heterogeneity of ontogenetic spectra in most cenopopulations. Assessment of the parameters of average age, recovery index and ageing index showed that most cenopopulations are capable of self-restoration and maintenance of numerosity. Analysis of spatial structure taking into account the ontogenetic state of individuals showed that the spatial relationships between pregenerative and generative individuals is random in most cases, which indicates the absence of any pronounced interactions between plants from these age groups. In the cenopopulation from Severny district of the Orenburg region, there is a slight sparseness in the mutual arrangement of pregenerative and generative individuals, which may be due to the influence of intraspecific competition.

scholarly journals Aging of the population of the Republic of Serbia and Belgrade through the prism of the relation of the age structure of the population and the age structure of household members

2010 ◽  
pp. 221-227
Author(s):  
Radmila Vicentijevic
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Age Structure ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Structure Of Population ◽  
Age Structure Of Population ◽  
Household Members ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Average Size ◽  
The City

The most important age structure represents an age structure of population. The results of census which was held on territory of the Republic of Serbia show that the Republic of Serbia is considered to be among the countries with the oldest population. In the last fifty year's time there was registered a constant decrease in number of young people, and constant increase in number of old people. During the period of the 80s, a number of young people from 0-14 years old was twice larger than the number of people older than 65, on the republic and the city of Belgrade's level, in the last census held in 2002 for the first time there was noticed a higher amount of people older than 65 related to population in an age from 0-14. An average old age of people in the Republic has grown from 35.8 to 40.3, and in Belgrade, which was always considered as a city of youth, it is noticed an increase in average old age from 34.9 to 40.4 years of age. Index of aging increased from 0.51 in the Republic of Serbia, 0.41 in Belgrade, to 1.01 or 1.07. In the Republic of Serbia and the city of Belgrade, for more than 50 years, the average size of household became smaller for more than one member, a number of single man households has increased for 5.5%, and participation of some old age groups in a structure of household members in a specific way shows a difficult demographic situation in Serbia and the city of Belgrade. Almost 83% of households in Central Serbia don't have even one pre-school child, and among households which have children at the age of 7, one child households form the majority. In the same period the number of households with members older than 65 has increased, so households like this in 2002 formed about 39%. Out of 435491 households in Serbia, every fifth household is named as OLD AGE HOUSEHOLD and SINGLE MAN HOUSEHOLD. .

scholarly journals The dynamics of sex-age structure of the population in urban and rural areas in the Republic of Kazakhstan in the years 1991-2013

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (31) ◽  
pp. 87-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gulnara Nyussupova ◽  
Aisulu Kalimurzina
Keyword(s):  
Age Structure ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Rural Population ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Working Age ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

Abstract In this article we discuss and analyse changes in the sex-age structure of both the urban and the rural population of the Republic of Kazakhstan since independence (1991) and until 2013. Spatial analysis by age and sex was carried out for the urban and rural population of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The article focuses on the population of Astana and Almaty as cities of “republican subordination”. The aim of this article is to study and analyse the sex-age structure of the total population taking the urban and rural population from 1991 to 2013 separately. For comparison and analysis of statistical data in the dynamics, the data by sex and age of the urban and rural population for 1991, 2001 and 2011 were examined. Thus changes over 10 years are considered. The age groups for which the data were collected were based on differentiation of the population by economic status: pre-working (0-14 years), working (15-64), and post-working age (over 65 years).

Unemployment as an indicator of economic security in the employment sector: A regional dimension

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 715-729
Author(s):  
T.N. Savina
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
National Development ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
Employment Policy ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Band Theory ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Impact

Subject. To achieve a high level of economic security is a key priority of national development. Employment reveals one of the most important aspects of social development of the individual that is associated with his or her needs satisfaction in the sphere of employment and is boon to economic security. Objectives. The purpose of the study is to show the impact of unemployment on economic security in employment. Methods. I apply such scientific methods as dialectical, historical and logical unity, structural and functional analysis, traditional techniques of economic analysis and synthesis. The methods of multivariate statistical and comparative analysis serve as a methodological basis of the study. To determine the indicator of unemployment, I use the band theory. Results. I underpin the growing role of employment in ensuring economic security. The paper presents a comprehensive assessment of the unemployment status and a comparative analysis of the indicator in the Republic of Mordovia, the Volga Federal District, and the Russian Federation as a whole. I identify trends in the average duration of unemployment, show the distribution of unemployed by level of education and age groups. Conclusions. The average annual unemployment rate in the Republic of Mordovia is lower than in Russia and the Volga Federal District. The findings may be useful for public authorities to substantiate their employment policy at both macro- and meso-levels, for designing programs and strategies for socio-economic development of regions and the social security doctrine, as well as in practical activities of employment services.

IDENTIFICATION AND STRUCTURE OF ALLERGIC RHINITIS IN CHILDREN

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-27
Author(s):  
S. Arifov ◽  
◽  
A. Daliyev ◽  
G. Tuychiev
Keyword(s):  
Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
Initial Treatment ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The Republic

This article reviews the structure and ways to identify AR in children in the Andijan region of the Republic of Uzbekistan. The analysis of the initial treatment of 18024 children of AR to various specialists, the ratio of different variants of the course of AR and the patient circulation among children of different age groups are analyzed.

Aging of rural population in Yugoslavia

Stanovnistvo ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 37 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 73-92
Author(s):  
Jelena Antonovic
Keyword(s):  
Age Structure ◽  
Rural Population ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Population Ageing ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
Demographic Ageing ◽  
Substantial Impact ◽  
Mass Migration ◽  
Rural And Urban

Mass migration to urban areas constitutes the basic direct factor of the decline in rural population of Yugoslavia in the second half of the 20th century. Due to the characteristic migration patterns by age and sex, they have had a substantial impact on the change in age structure of rural population towards rapid demographic ageing. By inducing decline in fertility and an increase in mortality, the newly formed age structure is increasingly becoming one of the basic factors to further decline in population, or even the major factor to rural depopulation in the majority of regions. The paper analyzes changes in age structure of rural population in the FR of Yugoslavia and across its republics and provinces during the period from 1961 to 1991. The conditions prevailing during the last census (1991) are particularly highlighted. The author points to distinct differences in ageing of urban versus rural populations, and considerable regional differences at the achieved level of demographic age. Based on the main demographic age indicators (the share of five-year and larger age groups, average age, ageing index and movement in major age-specific contingents), the author concludes that the process of population ageing had taken place in both rural and urban populations, but was more intensive in villages (higher share of the aged, higher index of ageing and higher average age) during the period under review. The author points to distinct ageing of rural population in all republics and provinces. It was most prominent in central Serbia and Vojvodina, while being quite slow in Kosovo and Metohia and recorded mainly in between the last two censuses (1981-1991). Likewise, Kosovo and Metohia constitute the only major region of Yugoslavia in which rural population in 1991 is still demographically younger than the population in urban settlements. Rural versus urban population ageing was much more intensive in other major regions of the country, both from the base and from the apex of the age pyramid. In view of the minimal differences in fertility and mortality levels by type of settlement (particularly in central Serbia and Vojvodina), the author argues that the inherited age structure constitutes the main cause of rapid acceleration in rural population ageing in low fertility regions.

scholarly journals Polarized nature of the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan: associations with population age structure and behaviours

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Junko Okumura
Keyword(s):  
Age Structure ◽  
Public Transportation ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cumulative Number ◽  
Population Age Structure ◽  
Major Factors ◽  
Drinking Places

Abstract Background Although the scale of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic was relatively small in Japan compared with the rest of the world, the polarisation of areas into high- and low-COVID-19-incidence areas was observed among the 47 prefectures. The aims of this study were not only identifying the factors associated with the polarised COVID-19 pandemic in Japan but also discussing effective preventive measures. Methods This was an ecological study using online survey data which was cross-sectionally conducted by the author. A total of 6000 respondents who resided in 10 low- and 10 high-COVID-19 incidence prefectures, with a wide gap in terms of COVID-19 incidence, in Japan were recruited. Data on COVID-19 cases and geodemographic information were obtained from official government sites. Statistical analyses were conducted to compare variables between the two areas and age groups. Results This study revealed that that age influenced people’s behaviours and perceptions, except one behaviour of ‘wearing facemasks’. The major factors significantly associated with the cumulative number of COVID-19 cases per 100,000 people were ‘commuting by private automobile’ (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 0.444; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.394–0.501), ‘commuting by public transportation’ (AOR, 6.813; 95% CI, 5.567–8.336), ‘washing hands’ (AOR, 1.233; 95% CI, 1.005–1.511), ‘opening windows regularly’ (AOR, 1.248; 95% CI, 1.104–1.412), ‘avoiding crowded places (AOR, 0.757; 95% CI, 0.641–0.893), ‘non-scheduled visits to drinking places’ (AOR, 1.212; 95% CI, 1.054–1.392) and ‘perceived risk of contracting COVID-19’ (AOR, 1.380; 95% CI, 1.180–1.612). These factors were strongly associated with age groups. Conclusions Effective preventive measures for COVID-19 transmission can be developed by understanding the characteristics of populated areas, such as public transportation infrastructure and younger people’s movements and behaviours in relation to the population age structure to contain the current epidemic and protect the most vulnerable elderly people.

scholarly journals Determinants of alcohol consumption and marijuana use among young adults in the Republic of Palau

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mizuki Sata ◽  
Renzhe Cui ◽  
Chifa Chiang ◽  
Singeru Travis Singeo ◽  
Berry Moon Watson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Marijuana Use ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Education Levels ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Republic Of Palau

Abstract Background This study aimed to describe the status of alcohol consumption and drug use among young adults as well as their determinants. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study of 356 young adults (aged 18 to 24 years) living in Palau in 2013. The prevalence of self-reported alcohol and marijuana usage were compared within and between sexes, age groups, ethnicities, and education levels. Results The proportion of current drinking was higher in people aged 21–24 than in those aged 18–20 (73.2% vs. 60.9%, p = 0.09 in men and 48.3% vs. 30.0%, p = 0.02 in women), while that of marijuana use did not differ between the age groups. The proportions of current drinking and marijuana use were higher in Palauan than in other ethnicities (current drinking: 70.6% vs. 40.6%, p = 0.005 in men and 38.8% vs. 16.6%, p = 0.04 in women; lifetime marijuana use: 80.0% vs. 52.9%, p = 0.02 in men and 56.1% vs. 30.6%, p = 0.09 in women). The proportion of frequent (3 times or more) marijuana users was higher for the lower educated than for the higher educated (62.5% vs. 32.1%, p < 0.001 in men and 33.9% vs. 24.4%, p = 0.12 in women). Conclusions Sex, age, ethnicity, and education were significant determinants of alcohol and marijuana use.

scholarly journals 806. 2013–2015 Nationwide Tuberculosis Contact Investigation in Childcare Centers and Schools in Korea

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. S289-S289
Author(s):  
Woosuck Suh ◽  
Jong-Hyun Kim ◽  
Ji Hyen Hwang ◽  
Sodam Lee ◽  
Kang-Hee Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
School Setting ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Disease Status ◽  
Childcare Centers ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Contact Investigation ◽  
Chest X Ray ◽  
Latent Tb ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Latent Tb Infection

Abstract Background The Republic of Korea has the highest incidence rate of tuberculosis (TB) among members of the OECD, reported as 78.8/100,000 population in 2016. In response, a state-run intensive contact investigation for TB is being conducted. More effective TB control requires an epidemiologic emphasis on the diagnosis and treatment of latent TB infections in children and adolescents, compared with other age groups. Here we present an analysis of data from the childcare center and school contact investigation by the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in 2013–2015. Methods Data collected from index patients included age, sex, occupation, disease status, results of AFB smear/culture, and chest x-ray. Data collected from contacts included age, sex, results of serial tuberculin skin test (TST), and chest x-ray. Congregate settings included childcare centers, kindergartens, elementary and secondary schools, and age groups were stratified as follows: 0–4 years, 5–12 years, and 13–18 years. TSTs were considered positive if induration ≥10 mm on the first test (TST1) or demonstrated an increase ≥6 mm over the induration of TST1 on repeat testing after 8 weeks (TST2). Results Of the 197,801 subjects with data collected, 173,998 were eligible and included in our analysis. TST1 results were available for 159,346 (91.6%) and when results were positive, induration was 10–14 mm in 7.6% and ≥15 mm in 1.5%. TST2 results were available for 119,797 (82.7%) of the 144,904 with negative TST1, and conversion rate was 9.0%. Altogether considering TST1 and TST2, 17.3% contacts had latent TB infections. Positive rates of TST significantly decreased with age: 20.3% in 0–4 years, 18.8% in 5–12 years, 17.1% in 13–18 years. Conclusion In this 3-year school-setting contact investigation, 17.3% contacts were diagnosed with latent TB infection, as demonstrated by TST reactions. Positive rates of TST significantly but mildly decreased with age. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

scholarly journals Descriptive-epidemiological characteristics of lung cancer in Serbia

2008 ◽  
Vol 61 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 16-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natasa Maksimovic ◽  
Kyriakos Spanopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Direct Method ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Malignant Tumour ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Malignant Tumours ◽  
Mortality Trends ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics

Introduction. Lung cancer represents the most common malignant tumour among men, and appears more and more frequently among women in many countries worldwide. The aims of this descriptive epidemiological study were to evaluate the mortality trends of all malignant tumours and lung cancer in Central Serbia from 1990 to 1999, and to estimate the incidence, mortality and the basic demographic characteristics of lung cancer in Central Serbia in 1999. Material and methods. The source of data concerning cancer cases in 1999 was the Cancer Registry of Central Serbia, while data of the Republic Statistics Institute were used for the analysis of mortality trends for the period 1990-1999. All rates were standardized by the direct method, to the world standard population. Confidence intervals for mortality rates were assessed with 95% level of probability. Linear regression coefficient was determined by Fisher's test. Results. The mortality rates showed rising tendencies for both lung cancer (y=-1876.26+0.96x, p=0.028 for men; y=654.78U).33x, p-0.001 for women) and all malignant tumours (y=-4139.88+2.15x, p=0.163 for men; y=3649.68 + 1.88x, p=0.016 for women), with statistically significant increase being observed for all trends, except all malignant tumours among men. In the year 1999, lung cancer ranked first among men and third among women, with 29.2% and 10.3% of cancer mortality respectively. The age-specific mortality rates were much higher in men in all age groups. Mortality increased with age and the highest rates were found in the age group 70-74 for both sexes. The highest incidence and mortality rates were reported in Belgrade, Moravicki and Sumadijski district. .

Differential fertility among immigrants to England and Wales and some implications for population projections

1969 ◽  
Vol 1 (S1) ◽  
pp. 119-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Age Structure ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Population Projections ◽  
Fertility Rates ◽  
Female Population ◽  
Differential Fertility ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
Adult Age ◽  
Completed Family Size ◽  
Socio Economic Factors

SummaryThe age structure of the immigrant female population as shown by the 1961 Census was heavily biased towards the young adult age groups, where fertility rates are highest. The birth rate for such a population could be expected considerably to exceed the average for this country as a whole, due to differences in age structure alone. The Census also showed marked differences betwen the fertility rates of different groups of immigrants but suggested that for the most important groups —from the Irish Republic, the Indian sub-continent and the Caribbean—they then amounted to a completed family size of roughly ½ child above the England and Wales average. There were also marked differences in 1961 between the socio-economic structure of immigrant groups; such evidence as there is points to socio-economic factors as playing an important part in explaining the fertility of immigrants, and its possible change over time.

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