scholarly journals COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF WATERWATER IN THE SLAVSKY DISTRICT OF THE KALININGRAD REGION BY HYDROLOGICAL SEASONS

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 425-436
Author(s):  
Yu.A. Spirin ◽  
S.I. Zotov ◽  
V.S. Taran ◽  
Yu.V. Koroleva
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Anthropogenic Activity ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Hydrochemical Data ◽  
Maximum Permissible Concentrations ◽  
Kaliningrad Region ◽  
Selection Of

The aim of the work is to research the chemical composition of surface watercourses in the Slavsky district of the Kaliningrad region in the winter hydrological season, and to compare the results with the data previously obtained by the authors for the autumn hydrological season and partly for the summer hydrological season. Watercourses and monitoring points for research have been identified: r. Zlaya, r. Shluzovaya, r. Nemoninka and r. Osa. In the winter season, water samples were taken, hydrometric characteristics were measured, and primary hydrochemical indicators were determined. On the basis of the obtained hydrochemical data, integral indicators were calculated to assess the quality of water, using combined lists of maximum permissible concentrations of pollutants. When monitoring hydrochemical indicators, it was revealed that the studied watercourses are, to one degree or another, subject to pollution. The water quality class in them varies from "moderately polluted" to "extremely dirty". When comparing the seasons, a tendency was revealed to improve the quality of water, which is associated with the water content of rivers, as well as with the cycles of natural and anthropogenic activity. The work has theoretical and practical significance. The data can participate in the planning of rational use of natural resources and the selection of measures to improve the geoecological state of the river network of the Slavsky region. The research can serve as a supplement to the formation of the general geoecological picture of the Kaliningrad region.

scholarly journals МНОГОЛЕТНЯЯ ИЗМЕНЧИВОСТЬ ХИМИЧЕСКОГО СОСТАВА И КАЧЕСТВА ВОДЫ НА ВСЕМ ПРОТЯЖЕНИИ РЕКИ АМУР

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.A. Kovalenko
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
The State ◽  
Amur River ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Maximum Permissible Concentrations ◽  
Water Ecosystem ◽  
The Amur River ◽  
The Difference

В условиях антропогенного воздействия на окружающую среду и несбалансированного природопользования может происходить снижение самоочищающей способности реки Амур и ухудшение качества воды. Водопользование в бассейне реки осуществляется со стороны трёх государств: России, Монголии и Китая. Основными источниками поступления загрязняющих веществ в Амур с российской стороны являются предприятия деревообрабатывающей промышленности, машиностроение, цветная металлургия, добыча полезных ископаемых, производство электроэнергии. Снижение качества воды происходит также за счет недостаточной степени очистки сточных вод. Трансграничное положение изучаемого водного объекта, разница демографических потенциалов России и Китая и активное техногенное воздействие со стороны сопредельных территорий обусловливает актуальность настоящего исследования, целью которого является оценка многолетней изменчивости химического состава и качества воды на протяжении реки Амур. Исследование проведено на основе многолетних (20002017 гг.) гидрохимических данных Государственной системы наблюдений за состоянием и загрязнением окружающей среды Росгидромета в пунктах наблюдений на р. Амур: с. Черняево, гг. Благовещенск, Хабаровск, КомсомольскнаАмуре и НиколаевскнаАмуре. Рассмотрен химический состав воды на различных участках реки и проведена оценка качества воды по гидрохимическим показателям. Построены графики временной изменчивости значений удельного комбинаторного индекса загрязненности воды (УКИЗВ). Анализ многолетних данных показал, что на всех исследуемых участках реки концентрации хлоридов, сульфатов и нитратов не превышают предельно допустимые концентрации. Выявлены характерные загрязняющие вещества, содержание которых превышает нормативы ПДК более, чем в половине случаев. Это органические вещества, азот аммонийный, соединения железа, меди, цинка, никеля, марганца, фенолы и нефтепродукты. Наблюдается увеличение содержания некоторых загрязняющих веществ вниз по течению реки. В целом качество воды реки Амур на различных участках характеризуется 3м ( загрязненная и очень загрязненная ) и 4м классами качества ( грязная ). В динамике выражена общая положительная тенденция незначительного снижения уровня загрязненности воды.The title of the article is longterm variability of chemical composition and quality of water along the Amur river. As the title implies the article describes the chemical composition of water in different parts of the river and the water quality by hydrochemical parameters. A mention should be made that under the conditions of anthropogenic press on the environment and unbalanced use of natural resources, the ecological potential of the water ecosystem of the Amur River is depleted and the quality of water decreases. The transboundary position of the studied water object, the difference in the demographic potentials of Russia and China determines the relevance of this paper. The purpose of the work is to assess the longterm variability of the chemical composition and water quality along the Amur River. It should be noted that this research is based on longterm (20002017) Hydrochemical information. The state system of observers for the state and environmental pollution of Roshydromet at observation points along the river: c. Chernyaevo, the city of Blagoveshchensk, Khabarovsk, KomsomolskonAmur and NikolaevskonAmur. As a result, the analysis of longterm data showed that the concentrations of chlorides, sulphates and nitrates do not exceed the maximum permissible concentrations on all the studied river sections. Identified characteristic pollutants, the content of which exceeds the MPC standards in more than half of the cases. There is an increase in the content of some pollutants downstream of the river. In general, the water quality of the Amur River at different sites is characterized by the 3rd (polluted and very polluted) and 4th quality classes (dirty).

scholarly journals Changing parameters of waters chemical composition in the Lake Arakhley water column (Eastern Transbaikalia)

2022 ◽  
Vol 962 (1) ◽  
pp. 012010
Author(s):  
L P Chechel
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Water Column ◽  
Vertical Section ◽  
Water Area ◽  
Hydrogen Ions ◽  
Bottom Part ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Maximum Permissible Concentrations ◽  
Eastern Transbaikalia

Abstract The need to preserve the quality of water resources under conditions of anthropogenic impact is one of the most urgent problems of our time. The purpose of this work was to study the features of the distribution of the parameters of the chemical composition of the waters of Lake Arakhley in a vertical section. The investigated waters are characterised by a constancy of mineralisation and chemical composition, both within the water area and in the vertical section. The waters are ultra-fresh (salinity less than 200 mg / L), neutral and slightly alkaline (average pH 7.9), HCO3 Mg-Ca chemical composition. The carbon dioxide content in the water column has a significant impact on the concentration of hydrogen ions, as evidenced by the inverse relationship between pH and CO2 content. The observed increase in the nitrogen form and CO2 contents in the bottom part of the lake is most likely related to the life processes of organisms and vegetation. The recorded excess concentrations of Mn, Cu, Ni, and Al over maximum permissible concentrations indicate the need for additional studies to identify their sources.

Microbiological and physico- chemical assessment of the sacred river Alaknanda, India

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (01) ◽  
pp. 102-107
Author(s):  
Nidhi Sharma ◽  
R. C. Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Monsoon Season ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Viable Count ◽  
Chemical Methods ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Autumn And Winter ◽  
Habitat Environment

The Alaknanda River is one of the main rivers of Alaknanda sub- system which bubbles out from Alkapuri Glacier. Water quality of the sacred river Alaknanda was evaluated by microbiological and physico- chemical methods. The sampling was undertaken from various sites of lower stretches, including Rudraprayag (530 m a.s.l.), Srinagar (560 m a.s.l.) and Deoprayag upstream (457 m a.s.l.) on the river Alaknanda. A perusal of the data revealed that total viable count (CFU.ml-1) was recorded minimum (25,850 CFU.ml-1) in winter season and then it increased during summer (45,730 CFU.ml-1) and attained peak (56,110 CFU.ml-1) during monsoon season, when the maximum degradation in the water quality was observed. Due to the onset of autumn and winter seasons, the quality of water improved substantially and the density of the bacteria decreased (32,120 CFU.ml-1) significantly during autumn from the monsoon season. It is revealed that the myriad of physico- chemical environmental variables and nutrient load from various sources in the habitat environment are responsible for density and diversity in the sacred river Alakanda.

scholarly journals Environmental assessment of water quality in various lakes of the Volyn region, which is intensively used in recreation

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Environmental Assessment ◽  
Ecological Status ◽  
Ecological Assessment ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Ecological Index ◽  
Quality Of Water

Introduction. Assessment of the ecological status of lakes is important for their conservation and protection. Many lakes are intensively used in recreation in Volyn Region. The development of the resort and recreational facilities requires significant additional volumes of fresh water to maintain the depth of the reservoirs in the bathing area, certain sanitary and temperature regimes of the reservoirs. The limiting factors are the sanitary and hygienic indicators of water. First and foremost, high quality of water should be provided for the organization of contact types of recreation (bathing, diving, water skiing, etc.). The purpose of article. The purpose of the article is ecological assessment of water quality in various lakes of Volyn Region, which are most intensively used in recreation. Methods. Research methods are expeditionary, methods of mathematical statistics and environmental assessment of water quality, which were carried out in accordance with the methodology for assessing the quality of surface water in the respective categories. During the preparation of the article, materials from their own expeditionary studies of the natural-economic state of the lakes were used, as well as the results of chemical analysis of the water composition conducted by the Water and Soil Monitoring Laboratory of the Regional Water Resources Office in Volyn Region and the Complex Laboratory for Observation of the Environmental Environmental Center. Results. The analysis of the qualitative indicators of the lakes Svitiaz, Velyke Zgoranske and Somyn showed the high quality of water in the lakes. For the period of 2015–2019, water quality was classified as „good” class II, by degree of cleanliness „clean”, by category as „very good”, by degree of cleanliness „clean” on all lakes. The value of IE for the Lake Velyke Zgoranske varied in the range of 1.81–2.44, in the range of 1.66–2.07 for the Lake Svitiaz, and in the range of 2.56–2.96 for the Lake Somyn. Index І2 (ecological and sanitary indicators) has the most influence on the magnitude of the ecological index of water quality. The scientific novelty lies in establishing block and integral indexes of ecological assessment of water quality, classes and categories of water quality of the most recreationally-developed lakes of Volyn Region, as well as in assessment of the dynamics of indicators of water quality of lakes during the years of 2015–19. Practical significance is defined with the opportunity of development of a set of measures for the rational use and protection of lakes.

scholarly journals Selection of the optimal version of the rolling rings of stand no. 7 of mill 150 of OJSC “BSW Management Company of Holding “BMC” from various types of high-speed steel, providing the best indicator of operational durability

2020 ◽  
pp. 43-47
Author(s):  
I. A. Guzova ◽  
I. A. Kovaleva ◽  
P. A. Babkov
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
High Speed ◽  
High Speed Steel ◽  
Significant Development ◽  
Management Company ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Operational Characteristics ◽  
Rolling Ring ◽  
Selection Of

Rolling rings as an important element of the rolling mill belong to the category of replaceable equipment, the quality of performance of which affects a number of operational characteristics, as well as the quality of rolled products. The material from which the rolling ring of the stand No. 7 is made must have the appropriate properties capable of perceiving high thermal loads for a long period of time without destruction, chipping and significant development of calibers. In this regard, there is a need to select the optimal option for the manufacture of rolling rings that can withstand such loads for a sufficiently long period of time. The study of the causes of destruction of the rolling ring 450×242×100 mm of high-speed steel, used at OJSC «BSW – Management Company of the Holding «BMC» in the cage number 7 mill 150 rolling shop. The results of metallographic studies of the microstructure and chemical composition of fragments of the destroyed rolling ring are presented. A detailed study and comparative analysis of the chemical composition and microstructure of samples of similar rings made of high-speed steel from two different suppliers, which showed high results in durability during operation, was carried out.

scholarly journals New technologies of cultivation of watermelon as a key to development of the melon industry

2021 ◽  
pp. 94-98
Author(s):  
T. G. Koleboshina ◽  
E. A. Varivoda ◽  
P. P. Suslov
Keyword(s):  
High Efficiency ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Potassium Humate ◽  
Maximum Permissible Concentrations ◽  
Volgograd Region ◽  
Early Ripening ◽  
Selection Of

Relevance. The appearance on the market of water-soluble fertilizers, growth regulators, biological products requires a detailed study of these drugs to determine their effectiveness in increasing yields and optimizing costs. Therefore, the issue of developing environmentally friendly elements of the technology for growing varieties of table watermelon of different ripening periods with the use of new types and forms of water-soluble fertilizers becomes urgent.Materials and methods. The object of research is varieties of watermelon of domestic selection of early and medium ripening. The studies were carried out in 2018-2020 on the basis of the Bikovskaya cucurbits breeding experimental station (Bykovskiy district, Volgograd region). The methods of using the preparation Potassium Humate (liquid) were studied: Treatment of plants twice, Soaking the seeds before sowing. The passage of the main periods of plant growth and development, biometric parameters of plants, biochemical composition of fruits and productivity of table watermelon were determined. The purpose of the research: to determine the effectiveness of methods of using potassium humate (liquid) in increasing yields, to reveal their influence on the quality of table watermelon fruits of different ripening periods.Results. The experimental data obtained showed a fairly high efficiency of the use of humic fertilizer in the cultivation of table watermelon both in early-maturing varieties and in varieties of late ripening. The maximum yield of the late-ripening watermelon variety Ikar was obtained when using the preparation Potassium Humate for treating plants – 17.1 t/ha, which is 25.7% more than control. The same method of using the humic preparation was noted as the most promising in the early ripening variety of watermelon Triumph, where the yield exceeded the control values by 21.8% and the method of use was by 18.0% – soaking the seeds before sowing. Studies have determined that the use of the preparation Potassium Humate in the technology of growing table watermelon allows to obtain fruits of good quality with a content of nitrates significantly lower than the maximum permissible concentrations for this culture (MPC – 60 mg/kg).

scholarly journals Physicochemical Research of Mineral and Mountain Spring Waters in Bulgaria

2021 ◽  
pp. 40-46
Author(s):  
Ignat Ignatov
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Mineral Waters ◽  
Gas Composition ◽  
Mountain Areas ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Medical Biophysics ◽  
Hydrogen Carbonate ◽  
Microbiological Laboratory ◽  
Accredited Laboratory

In Bulgaria is observed a great variety of spring waters. They are mineral and mountain spring waters. According to their temperature they can be cold (up to 37° С), warm (from 37° C to 60° C) and hot (over 60° C). This is Bulgarian standard, European Union. The mountain spring waters are cold with temperature up to 25° С. In Bulgaria for drinking mineral and mountain spring waters are valid Ordinance No 9 / 2001, Official State Gazette, issue 30, and decree No. 178 / 23.07.2004. By their chemical composition they fall into three categories – low mineralized (up to 2 g/L), moderately mineralized (2 to 15 g/L) and highly mineralized (15 – 30 g/L). According to their chemical composition the mineral waters are divided into sulphate, sulfide, hydrogen carbonate, chloride and carbonic. With regards to their gas composition they are nitrogen, sea and carbonic waters. The objective of the current study is to show springs examined by physicochemical parameters and correspond to Ordinance No 9 / 2001, Official State Gazette, issue 30, and decree No 178 / 23.07.2004 about the quality of water intended for drinking and household purposes. In the current study mineral waters and mountain spring waters from mountain regions of Bulgaria have been studied. It is well known that in the mountain areas of Bulgaria live the most of long-living people and centenarians. The studies are conducted by microbiological laboratory of Trakia University, Stara Zagora headed by Nedyalka Valcheva, accredited laboratory Eurotest Control, and the laboratory of Scientific Research Center of Medical Biophysics.

Spatial And Seasonal Variation For Water Quality Indices of Gomal Zam Dam And Its Tributaries In The South Waziristan District, Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Said Muhammad ◽  
Insha Ullah
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
World Health ◽  
Dominant Factor ◽  
Water Characteristics ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Spatial And Seasonal Variation ◽  
Health Organization

Abstract This study investigated the quality of water in the Gomal Zam Dam and its tributaries, south Waziristan District, Pakistan. For this purpose, water samples were collected from the Gomal Zam Dam and its tributaries in the winter and summer seasons (n=24 in each season). Water samples were analyzed for the anions using a multi-parameter analyzer (CONSORT 6030, Belgium) and cations by the Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS, AAnalyst 700, PerkinElmer). Water characteristics were compared and found within drinking water guidelines set by the world health organization (WHO), except turbidity. Water characteristics were evaluated for the water quality index (WQI) and sodium hazards such as sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) and sodium percentage (Na%). Based on WQI and sodium hazards, the water of Gomal Zam Dam and its tributaries were observed as good and in permissible levels for drinking and irrigation water, respectively. The winter season has slightly poor water quality compared to the summer season due to higher contamination. Gibbs’s and Piper's models showed that the water quality of Gomal Zam Dam and its tributaries was mainly characterized by the weathering of bedrocks. The studied water is classified as Na-Cl type and Mg-HCO3 types in the summer and winter seasons, respectively. Statistical analyses revealed that geogenic sources of rock weathering are the dominant factor for controlling the water quality of the area.

Harvested rainwater quality: the importance of appropriate design

2010 ◽  
Vol 61 (7) ◽  
pp. 1707-1714 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Ward ◽  
F. A. Memon ◽  
D. Butler
Keyword(s):  
Rainwater Harvesting ◽  
Material Selection ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Copper Zinc ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
System Designs ◽  
Rainwater Quality ◽  
Selection Of

This paper summarises the physicochemical and microbiological quality of water from a rainwater harvesting (RWH) system in a UK-based office building. 7 microbiological and 34 physicochemical parameters were analysed during an 8 month period. Physicochemically, harvested rainwater quality posed little health risk; most parameters showed concentrations below widely used guideline levels for drinking water. However, RWH system components (e.g. fittings and down pipes) appear to be affected soft water corrosion, resulting in high concentrations of some metals (copper, zinc and aluminium). This suggests the material selection of such fittings should be considered keeping in view the hardness of rainwater of an area. Microbiologically, Cryptosporidium, Salmonella and Legionella were not present in the samples analysed. However, faecal coliform counts were high at the beginning of the study, but did decrease over time in weak correlation with increasing pH. Enterococcus faecalis displayed counts consistently above UK rainwater harvesting standards. Inappropriate roof and rainwater good design, as well as material selection appear to be responsible for the reduced microbial quality, as they promoted contributions from avian sources and inhibited cleaning activities. Building and RWH system designs require greater consideration of local factors, which are critical for optimising harvested rainwater quality, to prevent both the development of contaminated sediments and health impacts.

IMPROVEMENT OF THE DIFFRACTION EFFICIENCY OF SPECKLE INTERFEROGRAMS BY SELECTING A METHOD OF MANIFESTATION AND DEVELOPER FOR PRACTICAL USE IN EXPERIMENTAL MECHANICS

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 11-15
Author(s):  
Nyan Min Htet Min Htet ◽  
Igor Valentinovich Volkov
Keyword(s):  
Stress Concentration ◽  
Diffraction Efficiency ◽  
Exposure Time ◽  
Holographic Interferometry ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Concentration Zone ◽  
Full Scale Tests ◽  
Selection Of

This article presents a qualitatively new developed technology of out-of-band registration of speckle holograms in the study of deformations in the concentration zone on samples with holes. Summary. One of the most important aspects of speckle-holographic interferometry is the quality of the resulting speckle-hologram, which largely determines its diffraction efficiency. In this case, the improvement of diffraction efficiency in solving practical problems is carried out through the selection of the developer of photographic plates, the installation of a certain exposure time and the choice of methods for processing photographic plates. However, in practice, there are often problems of obtaining the maximum diffraction efficiency of holograms. We made a choice of developer, exposure time, as well as methods of photo processing of speckle holograms in colliding beams in the process of practical experiment. Practical significance. The technology of out-of-band registration of speckle holograms described in the article can be used in the process of research of SSS of full-scale aircraft structures in areas of stress concentration, as well as their detection during industrial full-scale tests.

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