scholarly journals “NEW INEQUALITY” AND ECONOMIC GROWTH AFTER COVID-19

Author(s):  
P.M. Lukichev

The article analyzes the main forms of manifestation of the "new inequality" caused by the coronavirus crisis. The author identifies the reasons for the growing inequality in developed countries and reveals its tendencies in incomes, benefits and compensations received, in welfare of various decile groups of employees. Among the causes of economic inequality there are: rent-seeking, misguided macroeconomic policy, the declining role of trade unions, the role of new technologies and changes in the structure of labor demand. A new form of economic inequality is revealed: the relationship between the level of health and the level of education (income). A new ruling class of developed countries has been identified that is interested in further strengthening economic inequality. The author shows that the pandemic has led to a sharp stratification of income and the welfare of employees, both within countries and between countries, turning inequality into a dangerous economic disease. According to the author, the most striking manifestation of the "new inequality" on a global scale is the lack of access to vaccinations in most countries of the world. The article shows the negative impact of income inequality on economic growth in the long run. The author believes that the "new inequality" requires a change in national macroeconomic policy after the coronavirus crisis.

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-142
Author(s):  
Yolla Margaretha

 The economy of a country is supported by the role and contribution of entrepreneurs. They are the driving force for economic growth and one of them is contribution by family business. Even in some developed countries, family companies are the main source of their economy. However, internal management often creates conflicts, which can have a positive and negative impact. This will certainly affect the growth of the family company business. Therefore, good conflict management is needed to resolve conflicts. The role of family business stakeholders must be able to act and play a professional role. In this company, the root of the conflict is the inconsistency of communication between stakeholders in the company, thus triggering mismanagement and hampering the development of the company.   Keywords: Conflict; Family Business  


2011 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 101-116
Author(s):  
Michael Berlemann ◽  
Klaus W. Zimmermann

This article focuses on the role of unionised members of parliament. While unions have a direct effect on the labour market via wage negotiations, they often also take part in political debates. In many countries, significant shares of the members of parliament are also members of a trade union. However, up to now little empirical evidence is available on the extent to which unionised members of parliament try to achieve union-specific goals and thereby influence the macroeconomic conditions of an economy. A recent study for Germany comes to the conclusion that union members in the Bundestag cannot be seen as the parliamentary arm of the trade unions. However, we present contradicting empirical results by showing that, in Germany at least, the degree of unionisation of parliamentary members has a negative impact on economic growth and increases inflation, while unemployment remains unaffected.


2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 134
Author(s):  
Elham Jafarzadeh ◽  
He Shuquan

The current study investigates the impact of internal conflicts and external conflicts on the overall trade of a country, imports and exports in both developed and emerging markets. The study has used 128 countries for the estimation with data collected from the world bank for the period of 1996 and 2016 using the Hausman test. The results of the random effect showed that internal conflicts and external conflicts have negative impact on the imports and exports of countries in both developing and developed economies. The findings of the current study have several implications for both academicians and practitioners. The study has provided a deep insight in to the role of internal and external conflicts (a commonly emergent issue) for international trade and economic growth in both developing and developed countries. The current study has broadened the scope of literature on international finance and trade by providing a unique empirical examination on the role of conflicts in international trade and economic growth which is rarely been examined in the literature. Moreover, the study has some practical implications for the policymakers and government to make their international relations as such that to avoid internal and external conflicts if they want to increase international trade and economic growth. More specifically in developing countries there is more prevalence of internal and external conflicts which is the route cause of the lower level of international trade and is one of the important cause of lower level of economic growth.


2014 ◽  
Vol 12 (20) ◽  
pp. 125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Миленко Крајишник ◽  
Далибор Томаш

Резиме: Још од Адама Смита (Adam Smith), научници улажу огромне напоре да истраже и докажу односе и законитости између спољне трговине и економског раста. Заједничко за сва досадашња истраживања јесте да не постоји потпуна сагласност о директној, позитивној условљености спољне трговине и економског раста, али највећи број истраживања доказује постојање статистички значајне, директне повезаности. Посебна пажња посвећена је анализи утицаја спољне трговине на земље у развоју, првенствено као канала за увоз нових технологија, чиме је доказивано да раст увоза не мора увијек да има негативан утицај на економски раст, већ може да утиче и на раст продуктивности, односно, посредно, и на укупан економски раст земље увознице.Истраживање утицаја спољне трговине на економски раст добија посебан значај након 2008. године, односно након утицаја свјетске економске кризе, јер мале, отворене привреде, као што је и привреда Републике Српске, свој “замајац” развоја виде у расту извоза, кроз опоравак развијених земаља и на тај начин додатног раста иностране тражње.Због тога смо у раду жељели да истражимо значај спољне трговине на економски раст Републике Српске, да извршимо анализу спољнотрговинске размјене Републике Српске како би утврдили слабости њене робне структуре и односе са водећим спољнотрговинским партнерима, те да истражимо међусобну, квантитативну повезаност спољне трговине и бруто домаћег производа Републике Српске.Сумирајући резултате истраживања, закључили смо да је спољна трговина веома значајна за привредна кретања у Републици Српској, односно да је значај спољне трговине за привредни развој Републике Српске веома висок. Међутим, потребно је радити на смањењу спољнотрговинског дефицита, првенствено кроз повећање извоза и побољшање његове робне структуре, те кроз селективно смањење увоза. Прије свега тога, неопходно је извршити промјену привредне структуре и значајно повећати конкурентност домаћих произвођача.Summary: Ever since Adam Smith the scientists have been investing enormous efforts to explore and prove relationships between the foreign exchange and economic growth. One thing in common to all researches so far is that there is no complete agreement on a direct, positive inter-relation between the foreign exchange and economic growth. However, the major number of researches confirm the existence of the statistically significant, direct relation. The special attention is paid to the analysis of the influence of the foreign trade to the developing countries, principally as a channel for the import of new technologies by which it has been proven that the growth of the import does not have to have necessarily a negative impact to the economic growth but it may also impact the productivity growth, i.e. indirectly the total economic growth of the country of import.The research of the influence of the foreign trade to the economic growth becomes even more relevant after year 2008, i.e. after the world economic crisis as small, open economies, such as the Republic of Srpska see its “development drive” in the growth of the export through the consolidation of the developed countries and thus additional growth of the foreign demand. That is why in our paper we have tried to explore the relevance of the foreign trade to the economic growth of the Republic of Srpska, to analyse the foreign trade exchange of Republic of Srpska in order to determine the weaknesses of its comoditiy structure and the relations with the leading foreign trade partners as well as to explore the interrelated, quantitative relation between the foreign trade and the GDP of Republic of Srpska. Summarizing the results of our research we have come to a conclusion that the foreign trade is very relevant for the economic movements in the Republic of Srpska, i.e. the relevance of the foreign trade for the economic development of Republic of Srpska is very high. However, it is necessary to work on the decreasing of the foreign trade deficit through the increase of the export and the improvement of its comodity structure as well as through the selective decreasing of the import. Before all this, it is necessary to undertake the change of econimic structure and considerably increase the competitiveness of the domestic producers.


2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 505-525 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seeram Ramakrishna ◽  
Alfred Ngowi ◽  
Henk De Jager ◽  
Bankole O. Awuzie

Growing consumerism and population worldwide raises concerns about society’s sustainability aspirations. This has led to calls for concerted efforts to shift from the linear economy to a circular economy (CE), which are gaining momentum globally. CE approaches lead to a zero-waste scenario of economic growth and sustainable development. These approaches are based on semi-scientific and empirical concepts with technologies enabling 3Rs (reduce, reuse, recycle) and 6Rs (reuse, recycle, redesign, remanufacture, reduce, recover). Studies estimate that the transition to a CE would save the world in excess of a trillion dollars annually while creating new jobs, business opportunities and economic growth. The emerging industrial revolution will enhance the symbiotic pursuit of new technologies and CE to transform extant production systems and business models for sustainability. This article examines the trends, availability and readiness of fourth industrial revolution (4IR or industry 4.0) technologies (for example, Internet of Things [IoT], artificial intelligence [AI] and nanotechnology) to support and promote CE transitions within the higher education institutional context. Furthermore, it elucidates the role of universities as living laboratories for experimenting the utility of industry 4.0 technologies in driving the shift towards CE futures. The article concludes that universities should play a pivotal role in engendering CE transitions.


Author(s):  
Sadegh Abedi ◽  
Mehrnaz Moeenian

Abstract Sustainable economic growth and identifying factors affecting it are among the important issues which have always received attention from researchers of different countries. Accordingly, one of the factors affecting economic growth, which has received attention from researchers in the developed countries over recent years, is the issue of environmental technologies that enter the economic cycle of other countries after being patented through technology transfer. The current research investigated the role of the environment-related patents and the effects of the patented technological innovations compatible with climate change mitigation on the economic growth and development in the Middle East countries within a specific time period. The required data were gathered from the valid global databases, including Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development and World Bank and have been analyzed using multi-linear regression methods and econometric models with Eviews 10 software. The obtained results with 95% confidence level show that the environmental patents (β = 0.02) and environment management (β = 0.04) and technologies related to the climate change mitigation (β = 0.02) have a significant positive impact on the sustainable economic development and growth rate in the studied countries. Such a study helps innovators and policymakers in policy decisions related to sustainable development programs from the perspective of environmentally friendly technologies by demonstrating the role of patents in three important environmental areas, namely environmental management, water-related adaptation and climate change mitigation, as one of the factors influencing sustainable economic growth.


2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 5954
Author(s):  
Qamar Abbas ◽  
Li Junqing ◽  
Muhammad Ramzan ◽  
Sumbal Fatima

This paper provides an empirical analysis of the relationship between debt and national output mediated by a measure of the quality of state governance. Using WGIs dataset of 106 countries for the period 1996–2015, the paper analyzes the mediated effect of governance on debt-growth relationship. For this purpose, we use the fixed effect (LSDV) and system GMM estimation technique in order to overcome the possible problem of endogeneity. Results show the non-linear pattern between public debt and economic growth via governance. Although, public debt has negative impact on economic growth, but the results are statistically positive and significant when public debt is interacted with governance, which confirms that governance is a channel by which public debt influences economic growth. Moreover, we calculate the threshold of governance which shows that the public debt has positive impact on economic growth when the governance level is higher than the threshold and adversely affects the economic growth in the case of low level of governance than threshold. Evidence from this study reveals the fact that governance plays a mediating role in debt-growth relationship as there is a pattern of complementarity between public debt and governance: the higher the level of governance, the lesser the adverse effect of public debt on economic growth.


2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 217
Author(s):  
Japhet Jacksoni Katanga ◽  
Seleman Pharles

Globalization can be defined as the process based on international cooperation strategies, the aims of globalization is to expanded the operation of a certain business or service to become into a worldwide level, Globalization facilitate the modern advance technology which help community to undergo the social, political and economic development. Globalization economic has reinforced the margination for African developing economies and make to be dependent for the few primary commodities or service whereby the price and demand are extreme determine by externally. On this outcome it lead some of the African countries to be turn into poverty or economic inequality due let their own resources being determine by developed countries. On these paper you will get a chance to oversee the effect of adaption globalization to Tanzania economic growth.


2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 57-66
Author(s):  
Aditya Febriananta Putra ◽  
Suyanto . ◽  
Irzameingindra Putri Radjamin

Exertions to accelerate development carried out by developing countries in general are oriented towards improving or improving people’s lives. Developing countries are characterized as countries that lack capital, savings and investment. The role of Labor has a significant effect but has a negative impact on economic growth. Agriculture and Service also performance a significant role, despite having a positive impact on economic growth. While other variables, namely Fixed Capital Formation, Foreign Direct Investment, Export, Manufacture, and Fertility showed insignificant results on economic growth.


2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah R. Crane

PurposeEntrepreneurial firms contribute to economic growth, but the potential gendered nature of this contribution must be investigated as outcomes of male-owned and female-owned firms differ. The study investigates the female underperformance hypothesis in a cross-country analysis of Schumpeterian entrepreneurs. Next, it investigates if there is a gendered dimension of Schumpeterian firm contribution to economic growth.Design/methodology/approachThe study utilizes both nonparametric and parametric methodologies. Through nonparametric methods, the success of female-owned and male-owned firms is compared. Next, a parametric ordinary least squares regression model tests if there is a gendered nature of an entrepreneurial firm's economic contribution.FindingsIn nonparametric analyses, female-owned entrepreneurial firms in developed countries perform similarly to male-owned firms, while in developing countries male-owned firms significantly outperform female-owned firms. The author also finds strong evidence that the gender of the Schumpeterian entrepreneur does not matter in the contribution in economic growth.Research limitations/implicationsIn all countries, the number of female-owned entrepreneurial firms was significantly lower than that of male-owned firms. The findings point to consistent cultural barriers for women in innovation-related fields and persistent gendered norms in entrepreneurship. Thus, removal of cultural barriers and continued support for Schumpeterian entrepreneurship will benefit women and contribute to a country's economic growth.Originality/valueThe data for this study is a unique utilization of the Enterprise World Survey to identify Schumpeterian entrepreneurial firms. Additionally, the study challenges the female underperformance hypothesis and contributes to the literature on the role of entrepreneurship in economic growth.


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