scholarly journals THE IMPACT OF ECONOMIC SITUATION IN THE COUNTRIES RECEIVING MIGRANTS ON REMITTANCES FLOWS

2020 ◽  
pp. 49-55
Author(s):  
Andrej Přívara
Keyword(s):  
Household Income ◽  
Opposite Effect ◽  
Consumption Patterns ◽  
The Other ◽  
Substantial Part ◽  
Host Countries ◽  
Economic Issues ◽  
Money Transfers ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Impact

The studies on remittances focus mainly on their effects on the stability of households’ incomes and/or consumption patterns. The purpose of the current paper is to highlight that the volatility of remittances can have the opposite effect. We believe that the conjuncture of the countries that receive migrants also determines their money transfers and their changes are then transmitted to the economy of the migrants’ country of origin, thus increasing the instability in the latter. We believe that the volatility of remittances is higher under specific conditions, namely, when they represent a substantial part of household income and when migrants are highly concentrated in one or several countries only. Otherwise, even if one of the recipient countries is experiencing temporary economic issues, flows will be less affected since the other host countries may not be affected by such a downturn in their economy. Diversification of the diaspora is therefore crucial for the stability of remittances since the more is the number of host countries, the less likely is a sudden decline in remittances in the event of a recession in one of those countries.

THE IMPACT OF THE ANTI-CORRUPTION CAMPAIGN ON INCOME DISTRIBUTION: EVIDENCE FROM CHINA

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
YING GE ◽  
JINJUN XUE
Keyword(s):  
Income Distribution ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
Household Income ◽  
The Other ◽  
Public Officials ◽  
Government Officials ◽  
The Public ◽  
Earnings Gap ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
The Impact

This paper provides the first systematic micro-level evidences on the effectiveness of anti-corruption campaign in disciplining public officials and its impact on income distribution. Based on China Household Income Project (CHIP) survey data 2007 and 2013, we found that party and government officials had significant hidden income and the public–private earnings gap was as high as 8% before the campaign. However, the hidden income become not significant and the earnings gap declined to −18% in this post-campaign period. The regions inspected by central anti-corruption inspection groups experience larger public earnings penalties compared to the other regions. Overall, our findings suggest that the privilege of public officials declined sharply during this anti-corruption campaign.

scholarly journals Beggars, scammers, discriminated against by the whole of Europe: Romania’s Roma in Finnish tabloids, 2008-2011

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kari Alenius
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Significant Part ◽  
Radical Right ◽  
Recent Case ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Host Countries ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Critical Perspectives

The unrestricted movement of EU citizens from one country to another has been one of the fundamental principles of the Union. On the other hand, this issue has also attracted criticism, particularly from the radical right and so-called populist parties, or the supporters of these movements. Part of the population of Europe regards immigration and the unrestricted movement of people as a threat to the stability and prosperity of their own society. Through these critical perspectives, permanent immigration is viewed as a larger problem, as its effects on the host countries are more permanent than in the case of temporary residence. Through the same perspectives, the short-term but uncontrolled stay of foreigners is often linked to crime. This study concentrates on what kind of image a significant part of the Finnish media has given of a recent case of the foreigners that have attracted large attention in the country.

THE INSTABILITY OF OPEN PARETO EFFICIENT ECONOMIES

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-36
Author(s):  
Antoine Le Riche
Keyword(s):  
Free Trade ◽  
The Other ◽  
Investment Good ◽  
Consumption Good ◽  
Elasticity Of Intertemporal Substitution ◽  
Equilibrium Indeterminacy ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The One ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Capital Intensive

This paper analyzes the impact of trade on the stability properties of trading countries and on stationary welfare. We consider a two-country two-good two-factor overlapping generations model where countries differ in terms of their technology. In the autarky equilibrium and the free-trade equilibrium, indeterminacy relies, under dynamic efficiency, on a capital intensive consumption good and intermediate values of the elasticity of intertemporal substitution in consumption. Opening the borders to trade can be a source of a global destabilizing effect. Indeed, considering a free-trade equilibrium in which one country is an exporter of the consumption good and the other country is an exporter of the investment good, indeterminacy can occur with trade even though the two countries are determinate in autarky. Finally, opening to trade increases the stationary welfare of the country that exports the investment good and deteriorates the one of the other country.

The impact of flexibility of polyimides backbones on the stability of liquid crystal vertical alignment

RSC Advances ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (60) ◽  
pp. 55479-55489 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinyuan Che ◽  
Shiming Gong ◽  
Leishan Shao ◽  
Tian Lan ◽  
Fei Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Crystal ◽  
Liquid Crystals ◽  
The Other ◽  
Side Chain ◽  
Vertical Alignment ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Chain Type

Two side-chain-type polyimides (RPI and SPI) containing different backbones induced vertical alignments of liquid crystals, after rubbing, one maintained stable vertical, while the other transformed from vertical into parallel.

scholarly journals Effect of Different Agroecosystem on Earthworm Diversity in Azaguié Locality (Côte d'Ivoire)

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 327
Author(s):  
N’guetta Moïse Ehouman ◽  
Mamadou Touré ◽  
Pkan Pkan Kouakou Gains ◽  
Hervé Kouya Bi ◽  
Seydou Tiho
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
The Other ◽  
Substantial Part ◽  
Rubber Plantation ◽  
Soil Biology ◽  
Manual Sorting ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

In most terrestrial ecosystems, earthworms are considered to be excellent bioindicators of biodiversity and soil quality. However, their diversity and abundance encountered depend on the systems considered and on the anthropic pressure exerted. The objective of this study was to assess the impact of a land use on the earthworm community. Earthworms were collected in TSBF (Tropical Soil Biology and Fertility) type monoliths by the direct manual sorting method in three types of farms (fallow, rubber plantation and mangosteen plantation) in the locality of Azaguié. Measurements of the physicochemical parameters of the soil, in particular, the total organic carbon level, the organic matter rate, the nitrogen rate, the conductivity, the hydrogen potential (pH) and the total phosphorus were carried out at the Laboratory Central of Agrochemistry and Ecotoxicology (LCAE) from 200 g of clod of soil sampled in different monoliths. These studies showed that in all the plots analyzed, the endogeic polyhumic worms presented the highest densities while the epigeic detritivorous worms presented the lowest densities. The distribution of earthworms in the mangosteen plot was homogeneous, unlike that of the other plots. However, the physico-chemical parameters of the soils were higher in the fallow. The canonical correspondence analysis carried out to assess the relationship between the variability of the earthworm density of the plots and the physicochemical parameters measured showed that the physicochemical parameters measured explained only a substantial part of this distribution of earthworms while the other part is possibly linked to other environmental factors.

scholarly journals Some Tests for Differences in Consumption Patterns: The Impact of Remittances Using Household Income and Expenditure Survey Data of Pakistan 1987-88

1993 ◽  
Vol 32 (4II) ◽  
pp. 699-711 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sohail J. Malik ◽  
Naeem Sarwar
Keyword(s):  
Household Income ◽  
Balance Of Payments ◽  
Consumption Patterns ◽  
Consumer Durables ◽  
Expenditure Survey ◽  
Economic Development And Growth ◽  
Current Consumption ◽  
Utilisation Pattern ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Consumption Demand

It is argued generally that the observed pattern of use of remittances! by emigrant families reduces their effectiveness for economic development and growth. A large school of thought believes that a considerable portion of the remittance money is spent on raising current consumption, in making unproductive investment in real estate such as residential houses, and in acquiring consumer durables, etc. Such expenditure, apart from being inflationary in nature, also has a strong demonstration effect on the consumption patterns of families that do not receive remittances. Another aspect of the alleged consumption-oriented use of remittances is the relatively high import content of the consumption demand generated by remitted funds. This has the adverse implication of offsetting some of the balance of payments gains. There is, therefore, a need to critically examine the utilisation pattern of remittances in terms of statistically testing for differences in consumption behaviour between households that receive remittances and those that do not. This study attempts such an analysis based on the data from the Household Income and Expenditure Survey of 1987-88.

Enduring Burmese Realities

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renaud Egreteau
Keyword(s):  
National Economy ◽  
The Other ◽  
Moving Target ◽  
Realistic Assessment ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Military ◽  
The Impact ◽  
National Reconciliation ◽  
India And China

This chapter seeks to provide a realistic assessment of the other long-term challenges that continue to plague Myanmar. While many are not necessarily hindering democratization, all pose considerable threats to the stability of the country and the long-term process of national reconciliation. Prominent among them is the multifaceted political and social clientelisms that are entrenched in Burmese society. Such is the case for the oligarchical structuration and weaknesses of the national economy, as well as Myanmar’s peculiar geography. This chapter looks at why the country cannot avoid considering the impact that its geopolitical situation has long imposed on its domestic developments. Myanmar’s position at the crossroads of India and China, where politics remains volatile and democratic consolidation is an endlessly moving target, may provide the military with incentives to remain involved in politics.

scholarly journals Investigations of Nonlinear Triopoly Models with Different Mechanisms

Complexity ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. S. Askar ◽  
A. Al-khedhairi
Keyword(s):  
Dynamical System ◽  
Global Analysis ◽  
Discrete Dynamical System ◽  
The Other ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Heterogeneous Players ◽  
State Point ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Nash Point

This paper studies the dynamic characteristics of triopoly models that are constructed based on a 3-dimensional Cobb–Douglas utility function. The paper presents two parts. The first part introduces a competition among three rational firms on which their prices are isoelastic functions. The competition is described by a 3-dimensional discrete dynamical system. We examine the impact of rationality on the system’s steady state point. Studying the stability/instability of this point, which is Nash equilibrium and is unique in those models, is illustrated. Numerically, we give some global analysis of Nash point and its stability. The second part deals with heterogeneous scenarios. It consists of two different models. In the first model, we assume that one competitor adopts the local monopolistic approximation mechanism (LMA) while the other opponents are rational. The second model assumes two heterogeneous players with LMA mechanism against one rational firm. Studies show that the stability of NE point of those models is not guaranteed. Furthermore, simulation shows that when firms behave rational with symmetric costs, the stability of NE point is achievable.

THE IMPACT OF TAXATION ON INCOME DISTRIBUTION: EVIDENCE FROM INDONESIA

2013 ◽  
Vol 58 (04) ◽  
pp. 1350024 ◽  
Author(s):  
KUNTA NUGRAHA ◽  
PHIL LEWIS
Keyword(s):  
Income Inequality ◽  
Income Distribution ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Income Tax ◽  
The Other ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Input Output ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Major Data

The Indonesian economy has grown significantly since 2000, but income inequality has increased since 2001. One of the possible government tools to improve income inequality is through taxation. This paper evaluates household income, income tax, taxes on production, and their impact on income distribution. The major data sources are the National Socioeconomic Survey and the Input–Output Table. The key finding is that income tax only slightly improves income distribution, but taxes on production worsen income distribution. The other important finding is that both forms of taxation are regressive, especially for lower and middle income household. The results suggest that Indonesian taxation worsens income inequality.

scholarly journals Continuing Challenges of Women in Albania for Putting Gender Equality at Work, Case Study in Kruja

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 148
Author(s):  
Dr. Manjola Xhaferri ◽  
Mirela Tase
Keyword(s):  
Gender Equality ◽  
The Other ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Economic Issues ◽  
Patriarchal Society ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Impact

This thesis is about women in Kruja, who every day deal with challenges and perspectives to go forward with their lives. I argue that the status and the role of Krutan women are mostly restricted from the impact of a patriarchal society, fanaticism and negative mentality, beside the lack of opportunities that are in place in Kruja. The other stresses include economic issues. Change will come if all the society, girls and boys, men and women, are willing to undertake it.

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