THE IMPACT OF THE ANTI-CORRUPTION CAMPAIGN ON INCOME DISTRIBUTION: EVIDENCE FROM CHINA

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
YING GE ◽  
JINJUN XUE
Keyword(s):  
Income Distribution ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
Household Income ◽  
The Other ◽  
Public Officials ◽  
Government Officials ◽  
The Public ◽  
Earnings Gap ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
The Impact

This paper provides the first systematic micro-level evidences on the effectiveness of anti-corruption campaign in disciplining public officials and its impact on income distribution. Based on China Household Income Project (CHIP) survey data 2007 and 2013, we found that party and government officials had significant hidden income and the public–private earnings gap was as high as 8% before the campaign. However, the hidden income become not significant and the earnings gap declined to −18% in this post-campaign period. The regions inspected by central anti-corruption inspection groups experience larger public earnings penalties compared to the other regions. Overall, our findings suggest that the privilege of public officials declined sharply during this anti-corruption campaign.

THE IMPACT OF TAXATION ON INCOME DISTRIBUTION: EVIDENCE FROM INDONESIA

2013 ◽  
Vol 58 (04) ◽  
pp. 1350024 ◽  
Author(s):  
KUNTA NUGRAHA ◽  
PHIL LEWIS
Keyword(s):  
Income Inequality ◽  
Income Distribution ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Income Tax ◽  
The Other ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Input Output ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Major Data

The Indonesian economy has grown significantly since 2000, but income inequality has increased since 2001. One of the possible government tools to improve income inequality is through taxation. This paper evaluates household income, income tax, taxes on production, and their impact on income distribution. The major data sources are the National Socioeconomic Survey and the Input–Output Table. The key finding is that income tax only slightly improves income distribution, but taxes on production worsen income distribution. The other important finding is that both forms of taxation are regressive, especially for lower and middle income household. The results suggest that Indonesian taxation worsens income inequality.

scholarly journals THE IMPACT OF WORLD CPO PRICE CHANGE TOWARDS PRICES, ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES, AND INCOME DISTRIBUTION IN INDONESIA

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wisnu Winardi ◽  
Hadi Susanto ◽  
Kadim Martana
Keyword(s):  
Income Distribution ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Price Change ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cge Model ◽  
Social Accounting Matrix ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Cge Models ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
The Impact

Paper ini menganalisis dampak perubahan harga CPO dunia terhadap harga-harga, aktivitas ekonomi, dan distribusi pendapatan rumah tangga di Indonesia dengan pendekatan model CGE. Model pertama mengasumsikan Indonesia tidak mampu memengaruhi harga, sedangkan model kedua mengasumsikan Indonesia mampu memengaruhi harga. Data utama yang digunakan bersumber dari Tabel Sistem Neraca Sosial Ekonomi Indonesia tahun 2008. Hasil simulasi menunjukkan bahwa apabila Indonesia berperan sebagai penerima harga, peningkatan harga CPO dunia diperkirakan akan berdampak pada penguatan nilai tukar, penurunan tingkat harga, dan meningkatkan aktivitas ekonomi, namun sedikit mengurangi kemerataan distribusi pendapatan. Di sisi lain, penurunan harga CPO dunia akan memberikan dampak yang sebaliknya. Apabila Indonesia dapat berperan memengaruhi harga, perubahan harga CPO dunia diperkirakan akan berdampak sama dengan bila Indonesia tidak dapat memengaruhi harga, namun dengan nilai perubahan yang relatif lebih kecil. Hasil ini mengindikasikan bahwa Indonesia sebaiknya dapat berperan sebagai penerima harga ketika harga CPO dunia bertendensi meningkat dan berperan memengahuhi harga ketika harga CPO dunia bertendensi turun. This paper analyzes the impact of world CPO change price towards prices, economic activities, and household income distribution using CGE Models. The first model assumes that Indonesia is a price taker, while the second model assumes that Indonesia could influence the price. The main data were taken from Indonesian Social Accounting Matrix 2008. The simulation results suggest that if Indonesia takes the role as a price taker, an increase in world CPO price will affect exchange rate, decrease prices, and improve economic activities, but it slightly worsened household income distribution. On the other hand, a decrease in world CPO price will bring about the opposite impacts respectively. Conversely, if Indonesia takes the role as a main price influencer, world CPO price change will lead to a similar result with less magnitude impacts. These findings suggest that Indonesia should be able to take the role as a price taker when world CPO price is increasing and as a main price influencer when world CPO price is decreasing.

scholarly journals The impact of a minimum wage change on the distribution of wages and household income

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Redmond ◽  
Karina Doorley ◽  
Seamus McGuinness
Keyword(s):  
Income Distribution ◽  
Minimum Wage ◽  
Wage Inequality ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Spillover Effects ◽  
Wage Distribution ◽  
Wage Increase ◽  
Minimum Wage Increase ◽  
Wage Change ◽  
The Impact

Abstract We use distribution regression analysis to study the impact of a 6% increase in the Irish minimum wage on the distribution of hourly wages and household income. Wage inequality, measured by the ratio of wages in the 90th and 10th percentiles and the 75th and 25th percentiles, decreased by approximately 8 and 4%, respectively. The results point towards wage spillover effects up to the 30th percentile of the wage distribution. We show that minimum wage workers are spread throughout the household income distribution and are often located in high-income households. Therefore, while we observe strong effects on the wage distribution, the impact of a minimum wage increase on the household income distribution is quite limited.

The Determinants and Consequences of Accurate Beliefs About Childhood Vaccinations

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 628-649 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark R. Joslyn ◽  
Steven M. Sylvester
Keyword(s):  
Educational Attainment ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
Party Identification ◽  
Motivated Reasoning ◽  
Parental Choice ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
The Public ◽  
Policy Attitudes ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact

In this article, we examine the individual predictors that are responsible for accurate beliefs about the link between vaccinations and autism. We then show how these beliefs affect policy preferences about vaccines. We derive two hypotheses from motivated reasoning theory and test these on national survey data from Gallup and CBS News. Republicans were less likely to report accurate beliefs than Democrats. In addition, educational attainment modified the impact of party identification. The gap between Republicans and Democrats in likelihood of reporting accurate beliefs was largest among the most educated portion of the public. Finally, we show that accurate beliefs about vaccines, independent of statistical controls, are important predictors of policy attitudes about unvaccinated children attending public school and parental choice about the decision to vaccinate. We discuss the theoretical and practical significance of these findings.

scholarly journals Biological Tools to Deal with Pollution : Selected Advances and Novel Perspectives

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 57
Author(s):  
Abdelaziz Ghanemi ◽  
Besma Boubertakh
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
The Other ◽  
Environment And Public Health ◽  
The Public ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Metabolic Properties ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
The Impact

Pollution  represents  a  problem  common  to economy and  public  health. Indeed, the public health, because of the  divers’  type of pollutions, is facing divers challenges for which urgent solutions are required.The biology provides approaches not only to deal with the pollution, but also to  obtain  economic  benefits. Some living  organisms  have  particular metabolisms  that allow  them  to  assimilate  and  metabolite  the polluting agents  and thus reduce the  impact  they have on both environment  and public health.  On  the other  hand,  the  metabolic  properties  of  specific organisms make  the  polluting  elements raw materials to  synthesize  other elements that are benefits  for  economy  and  non-toxic  for  the  ecology and  the  biohealth. Yet, other options such as the regulations and laws are  required  to improve the efficiency of these approaches.

Worktown and Muslims

British Gods ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 144-181
Author(s):  
Steve Bruce
Keyword(s):  
Public Sphere ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
Media Coverage ◽  
Attitude Survey ◽  
The Public ◽  
Satanic Verses ◽  
The Public Sphere ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Town ◽  
British People

In the 1930s, Bolton was the site of Mass Observation’s first major research project, and subsequent restudies allow us to track in detail the decline of Christianity in the town. It was also the site of the first major Muslim demonstration against Salman Rushdie’s The Satanic Verses. The reaction of Boltonians to Islam is discussed as an introduction to wider consideration of the impact of the growth of Islam in Britain. Detailed discussion of media coverage of Muslims and of attitude survey data makes the case that, while some British people dislike Islam, a more powerful trend is growing hostility to any religion that is taken seriously enough to intrude on the public sphere.

On the Impact of Government Institutions on Economic Growth and Income Inequality in Russia

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 14-17
Author(s):  
Леонид Басовский ◽  
Leonid Basovskiy ◽  
В. Бабанов ◽  
V. Babanov ◽  
Елена Басовская ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Income Inequality ◽  
Income Distribution ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Government Officials ◽  
Government Institutions ◽  
State And Local ◽  
The Impact

In order to assess the extent to which the institutions of government in the current conditions in recent years in Russia — the activity of government officials and local governments affected economic growth, the correlation of the number of this category of workers with the growth rates of the economy was evaluated. The results show that by 2002 the positive correlation between the number of employees of state bodies and local self-government and the rate of economic growth was a negative one. The activities of employees of state and local governments began to slow down economic growth in the country. In order to assess how the change in the level of inequality of income distribution in modern Russia is due to the activities of employees of state-shock authorities and local self-government, its relation to the number of employees in this category of funds, which reflects the degree of income inequality, was evaluated. The results show that by 2011 the negative relationship between the number of employees of state bodies and local governments and the level of inequality of income distribution of growth replaced by a positive relationship. The activities of employees of state and local governments began to contribute to reducing the level of inequality of income distribution in the country.

scholarly journals Delayed Justice - Macedonian Experience With Guilty Plea And Sentence Bargaining

SEEU Review ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-110
Author(s):  
Boban Misoski
Keyword(s):  
Burden Of Proof ◽  
Criminal Procedure ◽  
The Other ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Bargaining Process ◽  
Guilty Plea ◽  
The Public ◽  
Legal Provisions ◽  
Weak Points ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Bearing on mind the idea of the proverb “Justice Delayed is Justice Denied” Macedonian Legislator within the new Code of Criminal Procedure (CPC) has introduced several legal mechanisms for accelerating the criminal procedure. The most important instruments among them, by all means, are the Guilty Plea and Sentence Bargaining. In this article, the author elaborates the practical implementation of these CPC’s provisions and performs analysis of its implementation by the Basic Court Skopje 1 in Skopje, as the biggest and most caseload-burdened court in Macedonia, and by the Public Prosecution Office in Skopje. The analysis discovered several weak points, which should be properly addressed, both through theoretical scrutiny and through introduction of amendments to the CPC or through production of a general opinion by the Supreme Court. Only through these amendments to the legal provisions of the CPC can be expected to have improved court practice in a manner which would accentuate the real/just benefits of these instruments for accelerating of the criminal procedure. Several conclusions and suggestions for improvement or specific issues, which were determined as problematic were developed, such as: tackling the impact of a guilty plea by one of the codefendants to the other codefendants who did not plead guilty; treatment of the altered statement by one of the codefendants during the plea agreement and its use against the other codefendant; and the burden of proof and amount of evidence which is necessary to support the sentence bargaining process.

scholarly journals Kinship and emergence of political leaders in Pakhtun society: A comparison of ANP and JUI-F in electoral politics in Charsadda, Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 26-41
Author(s):  
Mubasher Hassan ◽  
Mohammad Taieb
Keyword(s):  
Participant Observation ◽  
Electoral Politics ◽  
The Other ◽  
Political Leaders ◽  
Kinship System ◽  
District Council ◽  
Leaders And Followers ◽  
Village Council ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of this paper is to describe kinship system and its relationship with the emergence of political leaders in district Charsadda, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP). This study elaborates the role of kinship in the emergence of leaders at micro levels i.e., Village Council, Union Council, Tehsil Council and District Council. The study analyses the impact of kinship in the electoral politics of Awami National Party (ANP) and Jamiat Ulama-e-Islam Fazlur Rehman (JUI-F). The ANP leaders and followers are mostly the local inhabitants of Charsadda having large number of kin members. While on the other hand, the JUI-F leaders and followers are mostly immigrants of the other districts of KP having limited number of kin members in tehsil Charsadda. However, at micro level both the parties’ leaders and their family members attempt to make fusion against the distant relatives in order to win the election. This paper describes that how the number of kin members directly affects the victory and defeat of ANP and JUI-F? This study argues that kinship and neighbourhood have significant impact in the emergence of leaders at micro level. Qualitative research method was used and the tools for data collection were participant observation, in-depth interviews and focus group discussions.

scholarly journals Dampak Munculnya Akun Anonim untuk Mengekspresikan Diri

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evi Intan Puspitasari
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Social ◽  
Twitter Account ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Nowadays the community considers social media as one of the most important things in daily life. For the social media community is a form of self-editing exporters, for example, many anonymous accounts that violate ethics in their use in social media such as accounts to spread hoaxes, build hatred, and are provocative, but on the other hand anonymous accounts have a positive impact if used wisely. The purpose of this study is to determine the impact of anonymous accounts for the public from the positive and negative sides of using anonymous accounts. The research method used is descriptive qualitative analysis of anonymous accounts on social media and through interviews from several sources with an analysis of positive and negative impacts. The results showed that an anonymous Twitter account can be a medium to pour out your heart through writing. Twitter can be an entertainment for users through uploading posts, photos and videos.

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