scholarly journals How do they fit together? A case study of Neolithic pottery typology and radiocarbon chronology

2020 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-193
Author(s):  
František Trampota ◽  
Petr Květina
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Central Europe ◽  
Original Material ◽  
Time Axis ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Radiocarbon Chronology ◽  
Archaeological Cultures ◽  
Neolithic Pottery

The object of the paper is to update the current concept of the chronology of the Neolithic (c. 5400–3300 BC) of the Czech Republic and northern Lower Austria by comparing the typo-chronological development of pottery and modelling the corresponding radiocarbon dates. Up until now, pottery and its style have often been perceived in Central Europe as “basic indicators” of archaeological cultures or pottery traditions, which are then further divided into chronological stages and phases. And yet, an analysis of the relationships of all three levels of these entities in the context of four types of models of radiocarbon dates indicates that changes in the original material culture do not necessarily occur on a time axis. While it is true that archaeological cultures have proven to be the robust materialisation of primarily chronological trends valid in larger geographic areas, at the level of general and more detailed pottery groups, development can be manifested in other ways (regionally, socially or in a way that is difficult to interpret). Central Europe – Neolithic – pottery typo-chronology – archaeological culture – radiocarbon dating

scholarly journals Early Neolithic of Trans-Urals: the contemporary view on historiographic problems

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 200-208
Author(s):  
Vadim Sergeevich Mosin ◽  
Ekaterina Sergeevna Yakovleva
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Statistical Processing ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Early Neolithic ◽  
Decorative Motifs ◽  
Critical Issues ◽  
Source Study ◽  
Bodies Of Evidence ◽  
Radiocarbon Chronology ◽  
Archaeological Cultures

This paper is devoted to the critical issues of historiography and source study in the early Neolithic of the Trans-Urals. The authors consider basic dated monuments in the context of radiocarbon chronology; analyze the established criteria for identifying archaeological cultures and ceramic traditions and types of this period. Based on statistical processing of the ceramics of the forest-steppe Tobol region settlements: Tashkovo 1, Dolgovskoe 3, Kochegarovo 1, Ust-Suerka 4, the authors distinguish some stadial features in the evolving of the material culture of the early Neolithic in the first and second halves of 6 thousand BC. Attention is paid, firstly, to the co-existence of Koshkino and Kozlovo ancientries within the settlements, and, secondly, to the coincidence of a number of characteristics of Koshkino and Kozlovo material culture regarding the morphology of potteries, ornamentation techniques and basic decorative motifs. Within the framework of a sociocultural approach, it is proposed to consider the bodies of evidence as complexes of two coexisting and interacting traditions within one sociocultural space, understood in the source sense as an archaeological culture, instead of dividing them into two independent lines of development. Besides it is emphasized that the problem of the Neolithization of Trans-Urals, on the basis of the available data, at this time cannot be solved plausible.

scholarly journals Adaptation to the Impacts of Climate Extremes in Central Europe: A Case Study in a Rural Area in the Czech Republic

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 12758-12786 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Stojanov ◽  
Barbora Duží ◽  
Tomáš Daněk ◽  
Daniel Němec ◽  
David Procházka
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Rural Area ◽  
Central Europe ◽  
Climate Extremes ◽  
The Czech Republic

“I would never wear those old clodhoppers!”: Age differences and used clothing consumption in the Czech Republic

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-193
Author(s):  
Marketa Rulikova
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Material Culture ◽  
Socialist Country ◽  
Moral Economy ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Significant Variable ◽  
Social Differences ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Market Society

The article explores secondhand clothing dynamics in the Czech Republic as evidence of the shifting material culture and moral economy in this post-socialist country. Ethnographical investigation indicates that the practices and meanings surrounding the Czech market in used clothing are quite distinct from what has been observed elsewhere in the world of reused clothes. The case study notes a significant contradiction between widespread participation in the shopping for and wearing of secondhand clothing, and concurrent concealment of such practice among Czechs. This seeming contradiction can be largely attributed to the attraction for inexpensive branded clothes, which helps signal an individual’s well-being and search for respect in a newly competitive market society, and the simultaneous association of reuse with the backwardness and consumer poverty associated with the socialist era. The contrast in values and norms surrounding the acceptability of used garment is especially pronounced in different generations. It is argued here that membership in generations should be considered a more significant variable than class or other social attributes in dissecting social differences in transitioning societies.

scholarly journals Stepping Stones to the Neolithic? Radiocarbon Dating the Early Neolithic on Islands Within the ‘Western Seaways’ of Britain

2017 ◽  
Vol 83 ◽  
pp. 97-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Duncan Garrow ◽  
Seren Griffiths ◽  
Hugo Anderson-Whymark ◽  
Fraser Sturt
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Early Neolithic ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Stepping Stones ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Literal Sense ◽  
The North ◽  
Outer Hebrides ◽  
Absolute Dating ◽  
Radiocarbon Chronology

The western seaways – an arc of sea stretching from the Channel Islands in the south, up through the Isles of Scilly, the Isle of Man, and the Outer Hebrides to Orkney in the north – have long been seen as crucial to our understanding of the processes which led to the arrival of the Neolithic in Britain and Ireland in the centuries around 4000 cal bc. The western seaways have not, however, been considered in detail within any of the recent studies addressing the radiocarbon chronology of the earliest Neolithic in that wider region. This paper presents a synthesis of all existing 5th and 4th millennia cal bc radiocarbon dates from islands within the western seaways, including 50 new results obtained specifically for this study. While the focus here is insular in a literal sense, the project’s results have far reaching implications for our understanding of the Mesolithic–Neolithic transition in Britain and Ireland and beyond. The findings broadly fit well with the Gathering Time model of Whittle et al., suggesting that the earliest dated Neolithic in this zone falls into the c. 3900–3700 cal bc bracket. However, it is also noted that our current chronological understanding is based on comparatively few dates spread across a large area. Consequently, it is suggested that both further targeted work and an approach that incorporates an element of typo-chronology (as well as absolute dating) is necessary if we are to move forward our understanding of the processes associated with the appearance of the first Neolithic material culture and practices in this key region.

The effect of environmental variables on owl distribution in Central Europe: A case study from the Czech Republic

2021 ◽  
pp. 101375
Author(s):  
Richard Ševčík ◽  
Jan Riegert ◽  
Karel Šťastný ◽  
Jan Zárybnický ◽  
Markéta Zárybnická
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Central Europe ◽  
Environmental Variables ◽  
The Czech Republic

Radiocarbon dates and absolute chronology of the central European Early Bronze Age

Antiquity ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 67 (255) ◽  
pp. 218-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stašo Forenbaher
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Central Europe ◽  
Early Bronze Age ◽  
European Continent ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Central European ◽  
Age Sequence ◽  
Radiocarbon Chronology ◽  
The Bronze Age

It is more than forty years now since the first radiocarbon dates began the reconciliation of conventional and absolute chronologies for later prehistory. This pioneering radiocarbon chronology for the Bronze Age sequence in Central Europe brings that process nearer to a close, by filling the last major gap in the radiocarcbon chronology of the European continent.

scholarly journals Dating Archaeological Cultures by Their Moats? A Case Study from the Early Bronze Age Settlement Fidvár near Vráble, SW Slovakia

Radiocarbon ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 331-343
Author(s):  
Frank Schlütz ◽  
Felix Bittmann
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Bronze Age ◽  
Central Europe ◽  
Early Bronze Age ◽  
Plant Macroremains ◽  
Archaeological Cultures ◽  
First Time ◽  
Archaeological Chronologies ◽  
Ams Dates

AbstractThis article uses age-depth models based on 29 accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) dates from charred plant macroremains (seeds, chaff), wood charcoal, and snail shells found in two moats from the settlement Fidvár near Vráble (SW Slovakia) to improve the absolute chronology of the Early Bronze Age in central Europe. The charred macroremains were taxonomically identified to species or genus level and the lifespan of the objects and the archaeological context were considered carefully. The selected snail shells were identified to provide reliable age information. This study demonstrates that under certain conditions, ditch archives can be well suited to contribute to archaeological chronologies. For the first time, the transition from the Hatvan to the Únětice period is dated absolutely.

scholarly journals Direct dating reveals the early history of opium poppy in western Europe

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aurélie Salavert ◽  
Antoine Zazzo ◽  
Lucie Martin ◽  
Ferran Antolín ◽  
Caroline Gauthier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
Western Alps ◽  
Western Mediterranean ◽  
Opium Poppy ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Macrobotanical Remains ◽  
History Of ◽  
Temperate Europe ◽  
Radiocarbon Chronology ◽  
Botanical Remains

AbstractThis paper aims to define the first chrono-cultural framework on the domestication and early diffusion of the opium poppy using small-sized botanical remains from archaeological sites, opening the way to directly date minute short-lived botanical samples. We produced the initial set of radiocarbon dates directly from the opium poppy remains of eleven Neolithic sites (5900–3500 cal BCE) in the central and western Mediterranean, northwestern temperate Europe, and the western Alps. When possible, we also dated the macrobotanical remains originating from the same sediment sample. In total, 22 samples were taken into account, including 12 dates directly obtained from opium poppy remains. The radiocarbon chronology ranges from 5622 to 4050 cal BCE. The results show that opium poppy is present from at least the middle of the sixth millennium in the Mediterranean, where it possibly grew naturally and was cultivated by pioneer Neolithic communities. Its dispersal outside of its native area was early, being found west of the Rhine in 5300–5200 cal BCE. It was introduced to the western Alps around 5000–4800 cal BCE, becoming widespread from the second half of the fifth millennium. This research evidences different rhythms in the introduction of opium poppy in western Europe.

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