Breadfruit-Based Starch Nanoparticles Prepared Using Nanoprecipitation to Stabilize a Pickering Emulsion

This research describes the role of starch nanoparticles in stabilizing the surfactant-free emulsion, namely Pickering emulsion. However, the concentration of starch and NaOH during the preparation of starch nanoparticles as a Pickering emulsifier have not been studied. Thus, this study aimed to obtain the proper concentrations of starch and NaOH when preparing breadfruit-based starch nanoparticles as emulsifiers for a Pickering emulsion. This study varied the concentration of starch (1, 3,or 5 (%(w/v)) and NaOH (0.1875 and 0.375 M) to form a starch dispersion. Starch nanoparticles were acquired through the interactions between the solvent (starch dispersion) and the non-solvent (ethanol) during nanoprecipitation. Then, the starch nanoparticles were evaluated for particle characteristics and emulsifier properties in a Pickering emulsion during two weeks of storage. As a result, the mixture of 5% starch and 0.1875 M NaOH produces breadfruit starch nanoparticles with the smallest size distribution (mean size: 123 nm), amorphous state (V-type crystal pattern), high enthalpy (259.02 J/g), and the best emulsifier properties for a Pickering emulsion, which was stable for two weeks. These results develop knowledge about the potency of breadfruit-based starch nanoparticles using 5% starch with 0.1875 M NaOH in the food emulsion field, particularly to encapsulate bioactive ingredients in a Pickering emulsion.

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Employment Decline during the Great Recession: The Role of Firm Size Distribution

SSRN Electronic Journal ◽

10.2139/ssrn.3690746 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Wenjian Xu

Keyword(s):

Size Distribution ◽

Firm Size ◽

Great Recession ◽

Firm Size Distribution ◽

The Great Recession ◽

Employment Decline

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Batch Precipitation of Lead Iodide

Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications ◽

10.1135/cccc19941301 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 59 (6) ◽

pp. 1301-1304

Author(s):

Jaroslav Nývlt ◽

Stanislav Žáček

Keyword(s):

Aqueous Solution ◽

Particle Size ◽

Particle Size Distribution ◽

Size Distribution ◽

Crystal Size ◽

Lead Nitrate ◽

Lead Iodide ◽

Constant Rate ◽

Mean Size ◽

The Mean

Lead iodide was precipitated by a procedure in which an aqueous solution of potassium iodide at a concentration of 0.03, 0.10 or 0.20 mol l-1 was stirred while an aqueous solution of lead nitrate at one-half concentration was added at a constant rate. The mean size of the PbI2 crystals was determined by evaluating the particle size distribution, which was measured sedimentometrically. The dependence of the mean crystal size on the duration of the experiment exhibited a minimum for any of the concentrations applied. The reason for this is discussed.

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Derivation of Mount Pinatubo stratospheric aerosol mean size distribution by means of a multiwavelength lidar

Applied Optics ◽

10.1364/ao.33.005690 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 33 (24) ◽

pp. 5690 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

Massimo Del Guasta ◽

Marco Morandi ◽

L. Stefanutti ◽

B. Stein ◽

J. P. Wolf

Keyword(s):

Size Distribution ◽

Stratospheric Aerosol ◽

Mount Pinatubo ◽

Mean Size ◽

Multiwavelength Lidar

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Does a Trawl Ban Benefit Commercially Important Decapoda and Stomatopoda in Hong Kong?

Ecosystems ◽

10.1007/s10021-020-00574-9 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Lily S. R. Tao ◽

Gilbert C. S. Lui ◽

Kingsley J. H. Wong ◽

Tommy T. Y. Hui ◽

Yanny K. Y. Mak ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hong Kong ◽

Critical Role ◽

Field Surveys ◽

Complex Interactions ◽

Fishing Gears ◽

Mean Size ◽

Commercially Important ◽

Outer Estuary ◽

Hong Kong Waters

Abstract Crustaceans were among the most valuable fishery resources in Hong Kong. However, the unrestricted and intensive use of different fishing gears, especially bottom trawling, has led to the depletion of commercially important crustaceans in Hong Kong since the 1980s. This study investigated whether commercial crustaceans recovered after the implementation of a permanent Hong Kong-wide trawl ban that began on December 31, 2012. Standardized field surveys were conducted using a commercial shrimp trawler at two sites in eastern and western waters of Hong Kong before (2004) and after the trawl ban (2013–2014 and 2015–2016) and two sites in southern waters after the trawl ban. Diversity, mean size, abundance, biomass and level of disturbance of commercial crustaceans from the three periods were investigated. The eastern waters exhibited an increased diversity of crustacean assemblages in Inner Tolo, and a higher abundance and biomass of crabs were detected in Outer Tolo after the trawl ban. Reduced disturbance, higher diversity in crustacean assemblages and greater abundance and biomass of predatory crabs were observed after the trawl ban in the outer estuary of western waters, and increased abundance and biomass of shrimp were detected in the inner estuary of western waters. No temporal or negative changes were detected in the southeast and southern waters of Lamma Island. The various responses of crustacean assemblages in Hong Kong waters revealed the critical role of complex interactions among multiple stresses, such as ongoing reclamation works, illegal trawling activities and increased fishing efforts using other (legal) fishing methods.

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One, No One, and One Hundred Thousand: The Paradigm of the Z–R Relationship

Journal of Hydrometeorology ◽

10.1175/jhm-d-19-0177.1 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (6) ◽

pp. 1161-1169

Author(s):

Massimiliano Ignaccolo ◽

Carlo De Michele

Keyword(s):

Size Distribution ◽

Drop Size ◽

Rain Rate ◽

Scaling Law ◽

Drop Size Distribution ◽

Physical Relationship ◽

Simple Realization ◽

Linear Fit ◽

State Of Affairs

AbstractThe Z–R relationship is a scaling-law formulation, Z = ARb, connecting the radar reflectivity Z to the rain rate R. However, more than 100 Z–R relationships, with different values of the parameters, have been reported in literature. This abundance of relationships is in itself a strong indication that no one “physical” relationship exists, a state of affairs that we find similar to that of the protagonist of Luigi Pirandello’s novel One, No One and One Hundred Thousand. Nevertheless the “elevation” of a simple linear fit in the (logR, logZ) space to the role of “scaling law” is such a widespread tenet in literature that it eclipses the simple realization that the abundance of different intercepts and slopes reflects the inhomogeneous nature of rain, and, in ultimate analysis, the statistical variability existing between the number of drops and drop size distribution. Here, we “eliminate” the contribution of the number of drops by rescaling both reflectivity and rainfall rate to per unit drop variables, (Z, R) → (z, r), so that the remaining variability is due only to the variability of the drop size distribution. We use a worldwide database of disdrometer data to show that for the rescaled variables (z, r) only “one,” albeit approximate, scaling law exists.

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Computed tomography study of pineal calcification in schizophrenia

European Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/s0924-9338(99)80735-4 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 14 (3) ◽

pp. 163-166 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

G Bersani ◽

A Garavini ◽

I Taddei ◽

G Tanfani ◽

M Nordio ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Pineal Gland ◽

Potential Role ◽

Ct Scans ◽

Entire Group ◽

Positive Symptoms ◽

Healthy Controls ◽

Mean Size ◽

The Relationship

SummaryComputed tomography studies concerning pineal calcification (PC) in schizophrenia have been conducted mainly by one author who correlated this calcification with several aspects of the illness. On the basis of these findings the aim of the present study was to analyze size and incidence of pineal gland calcification by CT in schizophrenics and healthy controls, and to verify the relationship between pineal calcification and age, and the possible correlation with psychopathologic variables. Pineal calcification was measured on CT scans of 87 schizophrenics and 46 controls divided into seven age subgroups of five years each. No significant differences in PC incidence and mean size between patients and controls were observed as far as the entire group was considered. PC size correlated with age both in schizophrenics and controls. We found a higher incidence of PC in schizophrenics in the age subgroup of 21–25 years, and a negative correlation with positive symptoms of schizophrenia in the overall group. These findings could suggest a premature calcific process in schizophrenics and a probable association with `non-paranoid' aspects of the illness. Nevertheless the potential role of this process possibly related to some aspects of the altered neurodevelopment in schizophrenia is still unclear.

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Role of emulsifier on the particle size and polymer particle size distribution using multiwavelength spectroscopy measurements

Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology ◽

10.1080/01932691.2016.1265453 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 38 (11) ◽

pp. 1600-1606 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

María-Teresa Celis ◽

Billmary Contreras ◽

Patricia Rosenzweig Levy ◽

Lucero Méndez ◽

Francys Vejar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Particle Size ◽

Particle Size Distribution ◽

Size Distribution ◽

Polymer Particle

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Dimensione e concentrazione dei gruppi bancari italiani nell'ultimo decennio

Economia e Politica Industriale ◽

10.3280/poli2009-003003 ◽

2009 ◽

pp. 21-39

Author(s):

Vittoria Cerasi ◽

Lisa Crosato

Keyword(s):

Mergers And Acquisitions ◽

Size Distribution ◽

Small Firms ◽

Credit Rationing ◽

Substitution Effect ◽

Jel Classification ◽

Steady Increase ◽

Credit Supply ◽

Market Shares

- The paper analyzes the change in the size distribution of Italian banking groups over the period 1999 to 2007 following a wave of M&As among large banks. Had this process increased the degree of concentration we would have expected greater credit rationing for small firms, given the central role of Italian banks in financing small firms. We measure this change through widely used measures of concentration on branches. First, we observe a steady increase in concentration that can be captured only by looking at the overall size distribution. Other measures do not perceive this change until the year 2007, when the very large banks merged. Second, by focusing on the banking groups that have been active players in M&As we do see a decline in concentration, since smaller players have caught up with the larger ones in terms of rate of size increase. This contrasts with the role of the new entries and the disappearance of banks following mergers, that has increased the dispersion of market shares. The implications are that: i) there is a credit termination risk due to the rise in active players' size, but ii) credit rationing may not occur due to a substitution effect in credit supply from new entries. Keywords: bank market structure; size distribution of banks; measures of concentration; credit rationing of SME; mergers and acquisitions Parole chiave: struttura dell'industria bancaria; distribuzione per dimensione delle banche; misure della concentrazione; razionamento del credito alle PMI; fusioni e acquisizioni Jel Classification: G21 - L11

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The Role of Particle Size Distribution in the Performance and Modelling of Filtration

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1993.0199 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 27 (10) ◽

pp. 19-34 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

R. I. Mackie ◽

R. Bai

Keyword(s):

Particle Size ◽

Particle Size Distribution ◽

Size Distribution ◽

Fine Particles ◽

Coarse Particles ◽

Large Particles

The paper examines the importance of size distribution of the influent suspension on the performance of deep bed filters and its significance with regard to modelling. Experiments were carried out under a variety of conditions using suspensions which were identical in every respect apart from their size distribution. The results indicate that the presence of coarse particles does increase the removal of fine particles. Deposition of fine particles leads to a greater headloss than deposition of large particles. Changes in size distribution with time and depth play an important role in determining the behaviour of a filter, and models of both removal and headloss development must take account of this.

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