scholarly journals Social perceptions of convicts about the attitude of society towards ever imprisoned persons

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (4) ◽  
pp. 231-240
Author(s):  
Elizaveta Suchkova
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
Social Perception ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Research Strategy ◽  
Social Perceptions ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Former Prisoners ◽  
The Social ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
First Time

The article analyzes the content of the social perception of convicts about the attitude of society towards ever imprisoned persons. It is noted that the very fact of a conviction often causes a wary attitude of people towards former convicts, which significantly complicates the process of their adaptation to life in freedom. The negative assessment of the personality and behavior of criminals which still persists in public opinion even after they have served their sentence and this contributes to the fact that convicts feel themselves as a group being subjected to stigmatization. An empirical study tested the hypothesis that in convicted persons’ view, who have served their sentences in places of deprivation of liberty, are still criminals in public opinion who constitute a menace even after their release. The assessment of society position about people with conviction by convicts is associated with the experience of those who were in places of liberty deprivation. Repeatedly convicted persons as compared with those who were convicted for the first time are surer in negative and biased treatment of former prisoners. To study the content of social perceptions a mixed research strategy was used. It consists in integrating of methods for collecting and analyzing data of qualitative and quantitative strategies. The study used specially designed interview plan and rating scale constructed on the basis of the data obtained with its help. The research sample includes groups of convicts formed depending on the number of sentences served. The results of the research allow us to conclude that in convicts’ perception there is a negative society attitude towards former prisoners which manifests itself in social distance from them in various spheres of social interaction. Persons who have previously served their sentences in places of deprivation of liberty, unlike those convicted for the first time, demonstrate greater confidence in the discriminatory nature of society’s attitude towards their group.

The role of pathos: from argumentative responses to feeling and emotions

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michel Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Short Distance ◽  
Social World ◽  
Legal Rhetoric ◽  
Law And Politics ◽  
The Social ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
First Time

Chapter 10 is devoted to the role of emotions or pathos. Pathos was the term ordinarily used to denote the notion of audience. For the first time since Aristotle, emotions receive a full role in a treatise on rhetoric. The responses of the audience are modulated by its emotions. What is their nature and how precisely do they operate? The areas of political and legal rhetoric are examined here in the light of an original view of the theory of distance: values at greater distance become passions at short distance, and this is one of the features which demarcates politics from law. Law and politics are not merely argumentative, nor are they entirely emotional. The norms they codify are often implicit in their shaping of our mutual expectations and behavior in the social world.

Evaluación de la accesibilidad al contenido digital según los espectadores de Netflix

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
María-Asunción Arrufat-Pérez-de-Zafra ◽  
Liliana Herrera-Nieves ◽  
María-Angustias Olivencia-Carrión
Keyword(s):  
Social Perception ◽  
Turning Point ◽  
User Preferences ◽  
Online Media ◽  
Specialized Training ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
On Demand ◽  
The Social ◽  
Audiovisual Service ◽  
Cognitive Accessibility

On-demand audiovisual service platforms, such as Netflix, annually generate a large volume of audiovisual content that must comply with current regulations so that as many viewers as possible can access it. Due to the Covid-19 pandemic, 2020 marked a turning point that modified many aspects of life, including entertainment, recognizing online media as one of the most important factors in coping with adversity. This study analyzes international legislation and the social perception of the accessibility of Netflix content in Spain. A mixed research methodology has been used, integrating qualitative and quantitative approaches. The results reveal the progress made and future lines of work regarding the factors that drive the service to continue improving the experience of users of the Netflix platform. The use of adaptive and personalized designs is highlighted according to user preferences with standardized models, translation of dubbing and subtitling into a greater number of languages, the lack of material translated into sign language, the inclusion of users with disabilities and their organizations in audiovisual creation processes, offering specialized training in user experience and accessibility for specialists in the audiovisual industry, updating of the platform in compliance with the W3C guidelines, as well as specific improvements on cognitive accessibility, the use of standardized pictograms and icons and the adaptation to easy reading, among others. Resumen Las plataformas de servicios audiovisuales bajo demanda, como Netflix, generan anualmente un gran volumen de contenido audiovisual que debe cumplir con la normativa vigente para que el mayor número de espectadores posible pueda acceder al mismo. Debido a la pandemia por Covid-19, en 2020 se ha dado un punto de inflexión que modifica muchos aspectos de la vida, incluido el entretenimiento, reconociendo en el medio online uno de los factores más importantes para sobrellevar la adversidad. En este estudio se analiza la legislación internacional y la percepción social de la accesibilidad en el contenido de Netflix. Se ha empleado una metodología de investigación mixta integrando enfoques cualitativos y cuantitativos. Los resultados revelan los avances alcanzados, así como las líneas de trabajo futuras en cuanto a los factores que inciden en el servicio para continuar mejorando la experiencia de los usuarios de Netflix. Se destaca el uso de diseños adaptativos y personalizados según las preferencias de los usuarios con modelos estandarizados, la traducción del doblaje y subtitulado a un mayor número de idiomas, la falta de material traducido a lengua de signos, la inclusión de usuarios y entidades de personas con discapacidad en los procesos de creación audiovisual, la oferta de formación especializada en experiencia de usuario y accesibilidad para los especialistas de la industria audiovisual, la actualización de la plataforma en cumplimiento con las pautas del W3C, así como mejoras específicas sobre la accesibilidad cognitiva, el uso de pictogramas e iconos estandarizados y la adaptación a lectura fácil, entre otros.

Accuracy, bias, self-fulfilling prophecies, and scientific self-correction

2017 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lee Jussim
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
Social Science ◽  
Social Perception ◽  
Person Perception ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Social Reality ◽  
Social Perceptions ◽  
Expectancy Effects ◽  
The Social

AbstractIn my Précis of Social Perception and Social Reality (Jussim 2012, henceforth abbreviated as SPSR), I argued that the social science scholarship on social perception and interpersonal expectancies was characterized by a tripartite pattern: (1) Errors, biases, and self-fulfilling prophecies in person perception were generally weak, fragile, and fleeting; (2) Social perceptions were often quite accurate; and (3) Conclusions appearing throughout the social psychology scientific literature routinely overstated the power and pervasiveness of expectancy effects, and ignored evidence of accuracy. Most commentators concurred with the validity of these conclusions. Two, however, strongly disagreed with the conclusion that the evidence consistently has shown that stereotypes are moderately to highly accurate. Several others, while agreeing with most of the specifics, also suggested that those arguments did not necessarily apply to contexts outside of those covered in SPSR. In this response, I consider all these aspects: the limitations to the tripartite pattern, the role of politics and confirmation biases in distorting scientific conclusions, common obstructions to effective scientific self-correction, and how to limit them.

The ambiguous coalition in West Germany

1968 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerhard Lehmbruch
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
Federal Republic ◽  
Central Government ◽  
West Germany ◽  
Social Democrats ◽  
Parliamentary Government ◽  
The Social ◽  
Große Koalition ◽  
First Time

ON I DECEMBER 1966 THE BUNDESTAG ELECTED THE CHRISTIAN democrat leader Kurt Georg Kiesinger as head of a government formed by Christian democrats (CDU) and social democrats (SPD), by a majority of 340 (out of 496) members. The liberals (FDP), with 49 members, were pushed aside into opposition. For the first time since 1930 the social democrats entered a German central government, not as the result of an electoral victory but at the conclusion of an inner Crisis within the hitherto existing majority. The CDU whose prestige was badly damaged by this crisis continued to provide the chancellor. This helps to explain why some 60 members of the coalescing parties voted against the candidate. Public opinion oscillated between feelings of relief because of the end of a period of insecurity, and feelings of discomfort in view of an experiment which seemed unorthodox and hazardous. The disputes around the grosse Koalition (great coalition) thus revealed the ambiguity of conceptions of parliamentary government as they had developed since the establishment of the Federal Republic.

scholarly journals EMBARKING ON RESEARCH IN THE SOCIAL SCIENCES: UNDERSTANDING THE FOUNDATIONAL CONCEPTS

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Raqib Chowdhury
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Early Career ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Postgraduate Students ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Methodological Choices ◽  
Early Career Researchers ◽  
The Social ◽  
Conducting Research ◽  
First Time

Written primarily for new or early-career researchers and postgraduate students, this paper problematises some of the foundational concepts any beginning researcher will come across when conducting research for the first time. Understanding the oft-confused, abstract, yet important notions of ontology, epistemology and paradigms can be a daunting obstacle in the experience of a new researcher, yet there are nearly no ways of sidelining these if we were to meaningfully plan, construct and execute our research. Through familiar examples, this article engages in discussing the research approach and design and how these are grounded in the ways a researcher thinks about and understands the world - in other words, how their ontological and epistemological positions determine the methodological choices they make. As well as problematising these concepts, the article also compares the qualitative and quantitative approaches, and critically considers how, in some ways, qualitative studies can yield richer results in the social science disciplines, including in Education.

Choose Your Words Wisely

2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 226-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick F. Kotzur ◽  
Nora Forsbach ◽  
Ulrich Wagner
Keyword(s):  
Social Perception ◽  
Asylum Seekers ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Factorial Survey ◽  
Stereotype Content Model ◽  
Content Model ◽  
Stereotype Content ◽  
The Social ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Refugees And Asylum Seekers

Abstract. Differences in word connotations can have far-reaching consequences. We investigated the content, and emotional and behavioral consequences of the social perception of fled people as a function of their label (“refugees” vs. “asylum seekers”; “war refugees” vs. “economic refugees” vs. “refugees”) using a factorial survey (n = 389). Based on qualitative data on perceived intentions associated with the labels, we deducted predictions regarding differences in the Stereotype Content Model and Behavior from Intergroup Affect and Stereotypes Map. Participants evaluated refugees and asylum seekers similarly. Economic refugees were evaluated more negatively than war refugees or refugees, while the profiles of war refugees and refugees matched. These findings suggest that the choice of words to refer to fled people has profound consequences.

The Evolution of Moral Progress

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allen Buchanan ◽  
Russell Powell
Keyword(s):  
Moral Psychology ◽  
Cultural Construction ◽  
Moral Progress ◽  
Moral Norms ◽  
Moral Thought ◽  
The Enlightenment ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
First Time

The idea of moral progress played a central role in liberal political thought from the Enlightenment through the nineteenth century but is rarely encountered in moral and political philosophical discourse today. One reason for this is that traditional liberal theorists of moral progress, like their conservative detractors, tended to rely on underevidenced assumptions about human psychology and society. For the first time in history, we are developing robust scientific knowledge about human nature, especially through empirical psychological theories of morality and culture that are informed by evolutionary theory. In addition, the social sciences now provide better information about which social arrangements are feasible and sustainable and about how social norms arise, change, and come to shape moral thought and behavior. Accordingly, it is time to revisit the question of moral progress. On the surface, evolutionary accounts of morality paint a pessimistic picture, suggesting that certain types of moral progress are unrealistic or inappropriate for beings like us. In brief, humans are said to be “hard-wired” for rather limited moral capacities. However, such a view overlooks the great plasticity of human morality as evidenced by our history of social and political moral achievements. To account for these changes while giving evolved moral psychology its due, we develop a dynamic, biocultural theory of moral progress that highlights the interaction between adaptive components of moral psychology and the cultural construction of moral norms and beliefs; and we explore how this interaction can advance, impede, and reverse moral progress.

The Suicidal Death of a Child: Social Perception of Stepparents

1993 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 301-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence G. Calhoun ◽  
Breon G. Allen
Keyword(s):  
Social Perception ◽  
Family Relationship ◽  
Young Person ◽  
Social Perceptions ◽  
Death Of A Child ◽  
Biological Parents ◽  
The Social ◽  
Suicidal Death ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Impact

Research has suggested that the family relationship of a survivor to the victim of suicide can affect how the survivor will be perceived, but no studies have investigated the impact of parental status (parent versus stepparent) on the perception others will have of the parents of a youngster who commits suicide. In this investigation, 210 participants (71 men and 139 women) read typeset obituaries describing the suicidal death of an 18-year-old young man or young woman. Survivors were described as mother and father, father and stepmother, or mother and stepfather. Ratings (derived from previous studies of the social perception of survivors) were obtained to reflect the impressions participants had of the stepparents. Multivariate analysis of variance indicated a main effect for status of parents (i.e., stepparents versus biological parents). Although there were no reliable differences on several items, stepparents were viewed as having been less “close” to the young person, as taking less time to “recover psychologically” from the loss, and stepmothers were rated as less “likable.” These findings suggest that even in situations (i.e., the suicidal death of a child) where social perceptions are likely to be more negative toward any bereaved parent, stepparents may face an additional burden of negative social perception.

scholarly journals Przedsiębiorczy „cwaniacy”? – przedsiębiorczość w Polsce i społeczna percepcja przedsiębiorców w trakcie pandemii COVID-19 oraz okresie bezpośrednio ją poprzedzającym

2021 ◽  
pp. 143-157
Author(s):  
Robert Staniszewski
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
Social Perception ◽  
Social Issues ◽  
The Social ◽  
Tax Changes ◽  
Public Opinion Polls ◽  
Opinion Polls

In this article, the author conducted an analysis of entrepreneurship in Poland and the social perception of entrepreneurs during the COVID-19 pandemic and the period immediately preceding it. In the analytical part, indicators on the most important rankings related to entrepreneurship were used, which take into account the position of Poland compared to other countries. The article also uses selected reports and studies on economic, financial and social issues, including the results of public opinion polls. The inspiration for writing the article was the statement of Jarosław Kaczyński, who being asked about the Polish Order and tax changes, stated that “Those who live … out of cunning, they can actually lose out on it…”.

The Social Perception Behavior Rating Scale: Initial Evidence

Diagnostique ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larry Maheady ◽  
Gregory F. Harper
Keyword(s):  
Social Perception ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Behavior Rating ◽  
Behavior Rating Scale ◽  
The Social
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