scholarly journals The Spatial Variability of Soil Physical Properties of Different Sized-gap in a Subtropical Forest, China

2020 ◽  
pp. 41-55
Author(s):  
Supaporn Buajan ◽  
Jinfu Liu ◽  
Zhongsheng He
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Spatial Variability ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Total Porosity ◽  
Soil Bulk Density ◽  
Soil Physical Properties ◽  
Gap Size ◽  
Natural Reserve ◽  
Spatial Environment ◽  
Reserve Forest

Gap areas create heterogeneity in the spatial environment, which is important to plant regeneration and diversity. Soil physical properties (SPP) are factors that affect plant growth. This study aims to assess the spatial variability of SPP in different gap sizes and to determine the effect of gap size on SPP. We used geostatistical analysis to illustrate the spatial patterns of SPP variability within 9 gaps, classified into three sizes (small, medium, and large) and under the canopy at the Castanopsis kawakamii natural reserve forest, the soil samples were collected entire gap area at 20 cm depth with the grid system (resolution: 3 m × 3 m). The following SPPs were determined using soil cores: soil bulk density (SBD), soil water mass content (SWMC), soil volumetric moisture content (SVMC), maximum moisture capacity (MMC), capillary water capacity (CWC), minimum water-holding capacity (MWHC), soil capillary porosity (SCP), and soil total porosity (STP). We found that every SPP, except SCP and STP, significantly differed with gap size. Gap sizes generally improved the SPPs, especially in the small and large gaps, indicating that the soil there was more suitable for plant growth than the soil under the canopy. The highest spatial variability of SPPs was observed in the large gaps. Gap size affected SPP and its spatial variability. The results from this study will be useful for work on forest gap regeneration and conservation, especially around the study site.

scholarly journals Effect of Farming Systems on the Spatial Variability of Soil Physical Properties and Soybean Yield

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (15) ◽  
pp. 87
Author(s):  
Ligia Maria Lucas Videira ◽  
Paulo Ricardo Teodoro Silva ◽  
Diego dos Santos Pereira ◽  
Rafael Montanari ◽  
Alan Rodrigo Panosso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Spatial Variability ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Soil Conservation ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Total Porosity ◽  
Soil Bulk Density ◽  
Soil Physical Properties ◽  
High Soil Moisture

In no-tillage (NT) and minimum tillage (MT) areas, spatial variability of soil physical properties may affect crop yield. The aim of this study was to assess the spatial distribution of soil physical properties, as well as the yield components and grain yield of soybean (GY), based on the mapping of areas under soil conservation farming systems. We assessed yield components, GY and the physical properties of an Oxisol, under NT and MT using the t-student test, and geostatistics to assess spatial variability. The largest population of NT plants showed no spatial dependence and did not influence GY, but the components related to plant height and soil properties differed between systems. From a spatial standpoint, the kriging maps demonstrated that mass of one thousand grains (MOG), total porosity (TP) and soil bulk density (BD) influenced GY under NT, whereas TP1 exerted the most influence under high soil moisture conditions and MT. The maps make it possible to assess the spatial distribution of soil physical properties and the influence on GY, making them an important tool for more accurate production planning in soil conservation systems.

scholarly journals Spatial variability in the physical properties of an Oxisol under coffee cultivation in the Brazilian Cerrado

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. 28-39
Author(s):  
Cinara Xavier de Almeida ◽  
Danilo Ferreira Mendes ◽  
Ricardo Falqueto Jorge ◽  
Juliano Marques Pinto ◽  
George Deroco Martins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Variability ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Total Porosity ◽  
Soil Bulk Density ◽  
Soil Physical Properties ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Soil Resistance ◽  
Grid Points ◽  
Coffee Cultivation ◽  
The City

The physical properties of the soil are limiting factors for coffee cultivation and yields.  Therefore, we analyzed spatial variability in the physical properties of a clayey Oxisol under coffee cultivation. The experiment was carried out on 14-hectares of a coffee (Coffea arabica) plantation in the city of Monte Carmelo, in the Brazilian state of Minas Gerais. Soil samples were collected from two layers (0 - 0.1 m and 0.1 - 0.2 m) at 61 grid-points spaced at 50 x 50 meters.  These samples were saturated to determine total porosity and soil bulk density. Soil resistance readings were also taken from the same grid points and layers using an impact penetrometer. Descriptive statistics were used to evaluate all variables. Additionally, geostatistics were used to model spatial variability within the soil physical properties. Variographic analysis was performed using semivariograms. We found that density, total porosity and soil resistance to penetration varied throughout the study area, which demonstrates that management type can alter soil physical properties and that maps generated by geostatistics can help coffee growers make decisions related to soil management.

scholarly journals Response of Cocoyam (Xanthosoma mafafa) Growth, Yield Parameters and Soil Physical Properties of Ultisol at Umudike, Southeastern Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Iroegbu, Chidinma S ◽  
Asawalam, Damian O ◽  
O. A. Dada ◽  
J. E. Orji
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Poultry Manure ◽  
Total Porosity ◽  
Soil Bulk Density ◽  
Soil Physical Properties ◽  
Southeastern Nigeria ◽  
Number Of Leaves

Aim: To determine the effect of different rates of sawdust (SD) and poultry manure (PM) applied on some soil physical properties of acid sandy Ultisol, and some growth parameters and yield of cocoyam. Study Design: 2 x 5 factorial arrangement in a randomized complete block design replicated three times.  Place and Duration of Study: The experiment was conducted in Eastern farm of Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike during 2014 and 2015 planting seasons. Methodology: The treatments comprised of two manure sources at five levels each: sawdust (0, 2, 10, 15 and 20t/ha) and poultry manure (0, 2, 4, 6 and 8t/ha). The treatments were assigned randomly to the plots and incorporated into the soil two weeks before planting. Data were collected on plant height, number of leaves, leaf area, corms, cormels and total yield. Soil samples were collected with core samplers for physical properties such as Soil Bulk density and Total Porosity. All the data collected were subjected to ANOVA for factorial experiment in RCBD at 5% probability level. Results: The result showed that the interactions of poultry manure and sawdust significantly (p<0.05) improved soil bulk density and total porosity with the lowest value obtained with 0t/ha SD + 8t/ha PM in both 2014 and 2015. The result showed that the interactions of poultry manure and sawdust significantly (p<0.05) increased the leaf area with the highest value obtained with 20t/ha SD + 8t/ha PM in both 2014 and 2015. Also, only the increasing rates of treatment applied significantly (p<0.05) increased the number of leaves, plant height, leaf area and cocoyam yield with the highest value obtained with 20t/ha SD + 8t/ha PM. Also, the various rates of treatment application significantly (p<0.05) increased the cocoyam yield (weight of corms and cormels) with the highest value obtained with 20t/ha SD + 8t/ha PM. Conclusion: Improvement in growth and yield of cocoyam resulted from the improved nutrient status of the soil as a result of the amendments applied.

Scale-dependent covariance of soil physical properties above and below a soil horizon interface: Pedogenic versus anthropogenic influences on total porosity

2011 ◽  
Vol 91 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. F. Dyck ◽  
R. G. Kachanoski
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Variability ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Total Porosity ◽  
Soil Physical Properties ◽  
Basic Unit ◽  
Soil Horizon ◽  
Anthropogenic Influences ◽  
Spatial Covariance ◽  
Pedogenic Processes

Dyck, M. F. and Kachanoski, R. G. 2011. Scale-dependent covariance of soil physical properties above and below a soil horizon interface: Pedogenic versus anthropogenic influences on total porosity. Can. J. Soil Sci. 91: 149–159. The basic unit of soil – the pedon – is described as the minimum, three-dimensional unit of soil representative of the variability of soil horizon dimensions and morphology. Pedogenic processes responsible for soil horizon and soil profile formation are primarily hydrologic in nature. The spatially variable distribution of soil horizons (i.e., the variation among pedons within catenae or landscapes) is likely a reflection of the inherent variability of the soil parent material and the spatial variability of hydrological/pedogenic processes. This paper explores the spatial variability and spatially scale-dependent covariance between a basic soil property (porosity) above and below an A/B horizon interface under adjacent disturbed (cultivated) and undisturbed (forested) conditions. A combination of scale-dependent variance and Fourier-domain spectral analysis shows that the scale-dependent covariance of A and B horizon porosity varies significantly between the cultivated and forested sampling transects. The majority of these observed differences between the scale-dependent covariance of A and B horizon porosity under contrasting land uses is attributed to tillage. These results suggest that anthropogenic activities such as tillage may not only alter the surface horizons, but the nature of the spatial covariance between surface and underlying horizons which likely influences current soil hydrological processes.

scholarly journals USE OF SCALED SEMIVARIOGRAMS IN THE PLANNING SAMPLE OF SOIL PHYSICAL PROPERTIES IN SOUTHERN AMAZONAS, BRAZIL

2015 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renato Eleotério de Aquino ◽  
Milton César Costa Campos ◽  
José Marques Junior ◽  
Ivanildo Amorim de Oliveira ◽  
Daniel De Bortoli Teixeira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Environmental Planning ◽  
Particle Density ◽  
Aggregate Stability ◽  
Total Porosity ◽  
Size Composition ◽  
Soil Bulk Density ◽  
Soil Physical Properties ◽  
The State ◽  
Sample Density

There is a great lack of information from soil surveys in the southern part of the State of Amazonas, Brazil. The use of tools such as geostatistics may improve environmental planning, use and management. In this study, we aimed to use scaled semivariograms in sample design of soil physical properties of some environments in Amazonas. We selected five areas located in the south of the state of Amazonas, Brazil, with varied soil uses, such as forest, archaeological dark earth (ADE), pasture, sugarcane cropping, and agroforestry. Regular mesh grids were set up in these areas with 64 sample points spaced at 10 m from each other. At these points, we determined the particle size composition, soil resistance to penetration, moisture, soil bulk density and particle density, macroporosity, microporosity, total porosity, and aggregate stability in water at a depth of 0.00-0.20 m. Descriptive and geostatistical analyses were performed. The sample density requirements were lower in the pasture area but higher in the forest. We concluded that managed-environments had differences in their soil physical properties compared to the natural forest; notably, the soil in the ADE environment is physically improved in relation to the others. The physical properties evaluated showed a structure of spatial dependence with a slight variability of the forest compared to the others. The use of the range parameter of the semivariogram analysis proved to be effective in determining an ideal sample density.

scholarly journals Effects of Ground-Based Skidding on Soil Physical Properties in Skid Trail Switchbacks

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 341-350
Author(s):  
Ahmad Solgi ◽  
Ramin Naghdi ◽  
Eric K. Zenner ◽  
Petros A. Tsioras ◽  
Vahid Hemmati
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Soil Compaction ◽  
Deflection Angle ◽  
Total Porosity ◽  
Soil Bulk Density ◽  
Soil Physical Properties ◽  
Careful Consideration ◽  
Mountainous Terrain ◽  
Straight Segments

Effective skid-trail design requires a solid understanding of vehicle-soil interactions, yet virtually no data exist on the effects of harvest traffic on soils in the switchback curves common in mountainous terrain. We contrast for the first time the effect of skidding on dry bulk density, total porosity, macroporosity, and microporosity in the straight segments of the skid trail and in various positions within switchbacks of differing trail curvature (deflection angle) on different slope gradients. Treatment plots with three replications included combinations of two classes of curvature (narrow = high deflection angle, 60–70°; wide = low deflection angle, 110–130°) and two categories of slope gradient (gentle = ≤20%; steep = &gt;20%). The Cambisol soil was sampled in control and trafficked areas both before and after three passes with a rubber-tired skidder. After only three passes, significant effects were seen for dry soil bulk density (+), total porosity (–), macroporosity (–), and microporosity (+), with steady trends from undisturbed controls to straight segments to wide curves to narrow curves. Soil damage increased gradually and consistently toward the apex of the curve, particularly in narrow curves on gentle slopes. Our results establish that curvature and switchback position are important factors affecting soil compaction in ground skidding. The strong observed effects of even low harvest traffic volume on soil physical properties in curves indicate that the degree of soil compaction in skid trails may be underestimated in areas with numerous switchbacks, the placement of which within a skid trail system may require careful consideration on mountainous terrain.

scholarly journals Spatial variability of soil physical properties in two management systems in sugarcane crop

2012 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laércio A. de Carvalho ◽  
Ismael Meurer ◽  
Carlos A. da Silva Junior ◽  
José F. Centurion
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Spatial Variability ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Total Porosity ◽  
Soil Bulk Density ◽  
Soil Physical Properties ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Sugarcane Crop ◽  
Mato Grosso Do Sul

The aim of this study was to characterize the spatial variability of soil bulk density (Bd), soil moisture content (θ) and total porosity (Tp) in two management systems of sugarcane harvesting, with or without burning, in a Haplustox soil, in the 0-0.20 m layer. The study area is located in Rio Brilhante, state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, in Eldorado Sugar Mill. The plots have presented 180 m length, and 145.6 m width, totaling 90 points distributed in the form of a grid of nine rows by ten columns, with points spaced 20 m from its neighbor. Soil samples were collected at 0-0.20 m layer in 2007/2008 and 2008/2009 crops. The harvest with burning system had a higher density compared to mechanized harvest, in the two study periods. The moisture content as well as the porosity increased proportionally with the decrease of the density of the harvest burning system compared to the mechanized.

scholarly journals Study of soil physical properties and water infiltration rates in different types of land use

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 87
Author(s):  
Kristiana Fiorentin dos Santos ◽  
Fabrício Tondello Barbosa ◽  
Ildegardis Bertol ◽  
Romeu De Souza Werner ◽  
Neuro Hilton Wolschick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Total Porosity ◽  
Soil Bulk Density ◽  
Soil Physical Properties ◽  
Water Infiltration ◽  
Sample Survey ◽  
Infiltration Rates ◽  
Land Use Types ◽  
Different Types

Studying the changes in soil properties caused by different land uses allows measures to be adopted that will reduce the risk of future negative effects. The aim of this study was to evaluate soil physical properties and quantify water infiltration for different types of land use in the Santa Catarina Plateau of southern Brazil. The research was conducted on a 1,200 ha rural property. The land use types selected were natural forest (NF), planted pine (PP), crop-livestock integration (CLI), and burned natural rangeland (BR). A sample survey was carried out in nine different areas for each land use. Samples were collected from four soil layers and the soil bulk density (Bd), total porosity (Tp), and macropore (Ma), micropore (Mi), and biopore (Bio) volumes were measured. Water infiltration tests were performed to obtain the initial (ii) and final (fi) water infiltration rates into the soil, and the total amount of water that had infiltrated the soil (Ti). In NF, Bd was lower and Tp was higher than in other types of land use. The forest vegetation (NF and PP) had higher Ma and Bio volumes in the superficial layers of the soil. Water infiltration was markedly different between land use types. The NF had the highest ii, fi, and Ti values followed by PP, whereas the CLI and BR areas had drastically lower infiltration parameters with BR having the lowest values. The variables ii, fi, and Ti correlated positively with Tp, Ma, and Bio, but negatively with Bd.

scholarly journals Demonstration gardens with EDTA-washed soil. Part III: Plant growth, soil physical properties and production of safe vegetables

2021 ◽  
pp. 148521
Author(s):  
Simon Gluhar ◽  
Anela Kaurin ◽  
Domink Vodnik ◽  
Damijana Kastelec ◽  
Vesna Zupanc ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Soil Physical Properties
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