scholarly journals THE DIRECTIONS OF INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION OF THE POLISH VOIVODESHIPS AND LARGE CITIES WITH A PARTICULAR FOCUS ON COOPERATION WITH UKRAINE

2017 ◽  
pp. 416-433
Author(s):  
Wawrzyniec Rudolf ◽  
Sofiya Pazizina
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
International Cooperation ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Competitive Position ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
Bilateral Relations ◽  
The Creation ◽  
National Governments ◽  
Globalising World

Nowadays a foreign policy is no longer the domain of national governments and the role of international relations at the level of regions and cities is growing. For these territorial units, it is a way to build their competitive position in a globalising world. The paper aims at examining the structure of the directions of international relations of the Polish voivodeships and cities - regional capitals, taking into account the role that the Ukrainian regions and cities play in this structure. Observations were made regarding differences in the directions of international activity of the voivodeships and their capitals as well as the dynamics of this phenomenon over time, and conclusions were drawn recommending the involvement of territorial units in international cooperation. Bilateral relations with partner cities and regions prove to be only a prelude to network integration which for years has been promoted by the structures of the European Union, first by its support for Euroregions, and in the last decade through the creation of European Groupings of Territorial Cooperation. The involvement of regions and cities in the structures of international cooperation can significantly affect the creation of a strong competitive position in the territorial market.

Integration-Led Capitalism in the EU

2019 ◽  
pp. 142-186
Author(s):  
Thomas Kalinowski
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
European Monetary Union ◽  
Distinct Form ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Regional Dynamics ◽  
Political Economies ◽  
National Governments ◽  
Global Economic Governance ◽  
The Eu

The global role of the European Union and its position in the trilemma triangle differ substantially from the global–hegemonic approach pursued by US finance-led capitalism. This chapter first explores the historical choices that countries in Europe made after the collapse of the BWS and the internal, regional dynamics of an emerging integration-led euro capitalism. We show that the EU (and until 1992 the European Economic Community) developed a distinct regional solution for the challenges of globalization with the creation of the single market and the European Monetary Union. This growth model is based economically on a specific European complementary specialization production system and politically on a distinct form of euro-corporatism. This does not mean that national governments and national political economies have become irrelevant, but rather that there is a convergence towards a common EU position when it comes to global economic governance.

18. The Single Market

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle Egan
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Comparative Politics ◽  
Market Integration ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Market Access ◽  
Single Market ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Regulatory Strategies ◽  
Shed Light

This chapter focuses on the evolution of the single market project, from its original conception in the 1950s, beginning with the Rome Treaty and ending with the Single Market Act I and II. It first considers market integration in historical perspective before discussing the role of the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) in promoting market access, the balance between different economic ideals, and the regulatory strategies used to foster market integration. It then analyses the importance of the single market in promoting competitiveness and growth, along with the politics of neoliberalism and the ‘1992 Programme’. It also explores the politics of regulated capitalism and whether the single market contributes to globalization. It concludes by explaining how both traditional international relations theories of integration and newer approaches in comparative politics and international relations can be used to shed light on the governance of the single market.

The First World War and the Institutionalization of International Relations as an Academic Discipline

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 58-64
Author(s):  
Veronika Stoilova
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Academic Discipline ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
Political Life ◽  
Diplomatic History ◽  
Woodrow Wilson ◽  
Military Alliances ◽  
The Us ◽  
National Governments

This paper focuses on the stimulating role of WW1 in the process of separation, establishment and institutionalization of international relations (IR) as an academic discipline in its own right. It is well documented that these processes began immediately after 1919 with the creation of IR departments in European and American universities where training in International relations, International law, International politics, and other specific disciplines in the larger area of IR was provided.Our main thesis is that the atrocities of the first European and world catastrophy led to a better understanding of the decisive role which the relations between national governments, and especially the relations between military alliances, played in the world political arena. This, in its turn, led to the realization that these relations should be the prime target of the investigations of specific disciplines which must have their legitimate share in Bachelor, Master and Doctoral programs.In this paper we also examine the significant role of the US President Woodrow Wilson, himself an outstanding academic authority, in International history and relations, and his efforts to raise awareness and to the establishing of IR departments as legitimate entities of university structures. Special emphasis is put on the hopes of the international community that through separating IR from Diplomatic history, Law, Politology and other kin disciplines, under the auspices of which IR had previously existed, the international political life could be significantly ‘humanized’ since the future diplomats, the international and governmental leaders will be trained in the IR departments in the spirit of humanistic values related to peace, stability and prosperity.

scholarly journals Brexit and Polexit: Collective narcissism is associated with support for leaving the European Union

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Cisłak ◽  
Marta Pyrczak ◽  
Artur Mikiewicz ◽  
Aleksandra Cichocka
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
National Identity ◽  
International Relations ◽  
Group Identification ◽  
Political Orientation ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Eu Membership ◽  
National Identification ◽  
Youth Study

In three studies we examine the link between types of national identity and support for leaving the European Union (EU). We found that national collective narcissism (but not national identification without the narcissistic component) was positively associated with a willingness to vote Leave, over and above the effect of political orientation. This pattern was observed in a representative Polish sample (Study 1, n = 635), as well as in samples of Polish youth (Study 2, n = 219), and both Polish (n = 73) and British (n = 60) professionals employed in the field of international relations (Study 3). In Studies 2 and 3 this effect was mediated by biased EU membership perceptions. The role of defensive versus secure forms of in-group identification in shaping support for EU membership is discussed.

scholarly journals The Nordic Countries and Russia: an Untouchable Reserve of Strength to Maintain Bilateral Relations

2021 ◽  
Vol 101 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-40
Author(s):  
Konstantin Voronov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Current Trend ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Bilateral Relations ◽  
Northern Sea Route ◽  
Economic Exchanges ◽  
Objective Basis

The article explores the development of bilateral relations between the Northern countries and Russia due to the current trend of increasing role of Northern Europe and the Arctic in international relations. The author specifically considers the reasons, motives, objective preconditionsrequired to maintain a minimum level of contactsafter 2014. This set of political and economic factors, a kind of Strategic untouchable reserve, not only prevents the crisis, but also serves as an objective basis for maintaining the certain level of working ties, as well as their improvementin the future. The ruling circles support the policy of sanctions, the course of USA/NATO/EU aimed at strategic deterrence of Russia. However,the countries in the subregion are committed to the preservation of dialogue with Moscow and pragmatic cooperation. This positive attitude of the Nordic Five towards Russia is based on long-term goals: the need to keep and to develop trade and economic exchanges, the necessity to develop further economic cooperation in new and perspective spheres, such as the Far North and the Arctic, development of the Northern Sea Route, sea spaces and the shelf of the Arctic Ocean etc.

scholarly journals Conflict and Cooperation in International Relations: Theoretical Contributions of the Debate between New Realism and Neoliberalism

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 659-670
Author(s):  
Omran Ali
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
International Cooperation ◽  
International Institutions ◽  
Main Issue ◽  
Power Politics ◽  
New Realism ◽  
Conflict And Cooperation

This paper deals with the debate between neo-realism and neo-liberalism within the field of international relations and highlights the most important propositions of the two theories, especially regarding their views on the structure of international relations and whether it is characterized by anarchy and conflict or cooperation. The study of conflict and cooperation in international relations has been one of the main tasks of research and analysis for theorists and researchers of international relations, and this conflict-cooperation nexus has become the main issue in the debate between the two prevailing theories in international relations. Neorealism and neoliberalism are the most influential theories on international relations, and the debate between them has considered one of the most important one in the field of international relations. This research seeks to clarify and explain the theoretical contributions of each of the two theories regarding conflict and cooperation in international relations, and the extent to which neoliberal assumptions, especially with regard to the role of international institutions in increasing international cooperation, has contributed to reducing the dominance of the realistic vision in international relations, especially with regard to conflict and anarchy. It argues that the debate between neorealism and neoliberalism did not significantly contribute to developing the theory of international relations, as this debate did not contribute significantly to reducing the dominance of power politics in international relations and solving the international problems resulting from it.

scholarly journals Relationship between Spain and Russia through shared interests: key for normalization of relations with the European Union

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-18
Author(s):  
Carlos Uriarte Sánchez
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Organized Crime ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Bilateral Relations ◽  
Common Interests ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Mutual Relations ◽  
The Right ◽  
Global Agenda

Since 2014 relations between the European Union and Russia have been severely affected by the sanctions policy that has been detrimental to both sides. However, Spain has not been able to stand aside from this policy. Nevertheless, Spain, maintaining a common position on sanctions against Russia out of solidarity and because of its obligations to European partners, has tried to develop bilateral relations with the Russian Federation in a positive way. Spain realizes that more unites it with Russia rather than divides. Spain and Russia have common interests and challenges not only in cultural, scientific, economic and commercial spheres of bilateral relations, but also in political areas of the global agenda such as the climate change and terrorism, the organized crime. These challenges are also common for both the European Union as a whole and Russia, and for this reason, Spain can play a role of catalyst in possible rapprochement. Without abandoning the principles and values at the heart of the European project, Spain can advance a bilateral agenda with Russia, which will contribute to the gradual building of mutual relations, including in political sphere. The ultimate goal will be achieved when the right conditions are created and the broken trust is restored. Spain could also lead this process within the European Union, since it has a more balanced position in relations with Russia than other European partners do. Thus, Spain can become a necessary and key facilitator of the dialogue and efforts to normalize relations.

scholarly journals The Limited Role of the European Union in the Management and Governance of the COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 482-506
Author(s):  
Joelle Grogan
Keyword(s):  
Rule Of Law ◽  
Stress Test ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
States Of Emergency ◽  
National Governments ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

Abstract Building on two global Symposia hosted by the Verfassungsblog and convened by the author, the 2020 “COVID-19 and States of Emergency” and the 2021 “Power and the COVID-19 Pandemic”, in addition to the findings of the Democracy Reporting International ‘Rule of Law Stress Test’ which surveyed EU Member States’ responses to the pandemic, this article investigates the impact of the pandemic on governance and legal systems within the EU, and evaluates the actions taken by EU institutions and national governments in response to the health crisis against the standards of the rule of law.

scholarly journals Protein of fish origin – a source of health and beauty

2019 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
pp. 138-144
Author(s):  
L. V. Antipova ◽  
S. A. Storublevtsev ◽  
M. A. Piskova ◽  
Yu. Z. Himishev
Keyword(s):  
Fractional Composition ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
The United States ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Nature Management ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Film Coatings ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Inland Water Bodies

This article is devoted to the study of collagen-containing raw materials and obtained collagen substances. Histomorphological analysis was carried out, which resulted in data on the presence of collagen in animal and fish raw materials, but characterized by a loose structure and a smaller thickness of fibers in the case of fish skins. Studies of the fractional composition showed that the predominant fraction is alkali-soluble, which include collagen proteins. The obtained dispersion of collagen fibers of the hides of inland water bodies and split leather from cattle hides. Dispersions are similar in properties, but have some differences associated with structural features. The materials obtained for the food, cosmetic and medical industries meet the principles of rational nature management and are economically viable.New ideas about the role of collagen in nutrition, the creation of original products, the need to develop unconventional and improve existing technologies of collagen substances of various functionalities, require the implementation of approaches to ensure maximum transformation of collagen-containing resources into human products, materials and tools.New ideas about the role of collagen in nutrition, the creation of original products, the need to develop unconventional and improve existing technologies of collagen substances of various functionalities, require the implementation of approaches to ensure maximum transformation of collagen-containing resources into human products, materials and tools.In terms of sanctions of the European Union, the United States and supporters, reducing the import of natural polymer-film coatings, finding new sources of film coatings for the food surface is most appropriate.

Changing Borders: The Politics of the EU

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gönül Tol
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Social Services ◽  
European Population ◽  
Nation State ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Multiple Impacts ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Eu

Migration has always been a feature of human affairs, though in recent decades it has become a major phenomenon. In fact, the growing diversity of the European population as well as the inevitable changing of borders within the European Union (EU) reveal that Europe has become an immigration continent. These developments have, however, prompted concerns over the EU’s external borders and control of immigration, as well as the need for further inquiry by international relations scholarship. Although the regulation of immigration has received a European dimension only recently, the EU has taken steps to cooperate on the issue of immigration. The changing nature of immigration had, after all, led to a perception among European electorates that immigration was not only a demographic or an economic issue but had other dimensions. It could have multiple impacts on their societies, including welfare, social services and social cohesion. Furthermore, until recently, theories of international migration have paid little attention to the nation-state as an agent influencing the flow of migration. When the nation-state has been mentioned, attention has focused primarily on immigrant-receiving countries. Little has been written about the regulation of emigration in countries of origin. As a result, the role of the state in limiting or promoting migration is poorly understood. Though there is a growing body of scholarship attempting to address these gaps in understanding the EU’s case for immigration, there are still further avenues of research many have yet to pursue.

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