scholarly journals Impact of Soil Rejuvenating Scheme on Income of Cotton Farmers – An Evidence from Kalaburagi District of Karnataka

Author(s):  
. Sagar ◽  
Murtuza Khan ◽  
Mahin Sharif

Rainfed areas are not only thirsty but also hungry for nutrients and are hotspots of poverty, malnutrition, and degradation of natural resources. Looking into these aspects, the Government of Karnataka has implemented a mission mode project called “Bhoochetana” meaning “reviving the soils” to benefit dryland farmers for sustainable use of natural resources in Karnataka. This scheme aimed at enhancing the yield level of major dryland crops through integrated crop management (ICM) practices. The study has been conducted in the Kalaburagi District of Karnataka State, where the majority of the area under agriculture is rainfed and cotton is one of the major rainfed crops grown on a large scale. The study revealed that the yield of the main product from cotton production for Bhoochetana beneficiary farmers was higher with 23.18 quintals per hectare compared to non-beneficiary farmers with 21.36 quintals. The results of partial budgeting showed that, a net gain of ₹ 4660 per hectare was obtained by Bhoochetana scheme beneficiaries over non-beneficiary farmers. The study highlighted that, there is a positive significant effect of the scheme on the production of cotton. Therefore, the policies must focus on long-term soil, water, and other natural resource conservation practices to achieve sustainability in agriculture.

Author(s):  
Oksana Shymanska

The article substantiates Elinor Ostrom’s contribution to the theory of collective management of property. The author outlines solutions to problems of the most optimal use of scarce natural resources and their economically relevant preservation in a long-term perspective. The research paper affirms the idea that it is not only the government who can solve the problem of efficient use of resources for public purposes. It is proved that collective decisions can be made in the management of resources, under which the latter are maintained in good conditions while being used for general public. The most accepted models (‘the tragedy of the commons’, ‘the prisoner’s dilemma’, ‘the logic of collective action’) are examined. The above- mentioned models are frequently used as tools to study cases of economic policy-making in allocating scarce resources for public purposes, and as a concept for analyzing problems of individuals who seek to achieve collective benefits. It is emphasized that there is a need for a balanced application of the above models as metaphors, which substitute solid foundations of the economic policy, since the limitations suggested for easing the analysis are accepted without reservation as permanent empirical requirements that remain as such until adjustments are made by the government. Special emphasis is placed on the importance of developing the theory of human organization based on realistic assessments of human possibilities and limitations that arise when a number of various situations related to using public goods are to be resolved. It is stressed that the empirically supported theories of human organization as an important component of study on economic policy are able to complement the solutions with estimates of the most likely effect of using many ways of organizing human activities. It is concluded that E. Ostrom’s experimental research in the field of natural resources management can be used to solve large-scale range of issues related to the production of public goods.


Author(s):  
Kassa T. Alemu

This chapter investigates land deals processes and the effects on livelihoods in Gambella and Benishangul-Gumuz. It applies quantitative and qualitative data from primary and secondary sources. It describes the land deals, actors involved, and the effect of the deal on villagers' land rights, food security, job creation, technology transfer, and sustainable use of natural resources. The study concludes that the government effort towards large-scale land deals and agricultural investment is promising. However, there is a gap regarding making the deals a win-win situation for stakeholders. Therefore, it is recommended that the governance of land deals need to be improved, and the capacity of the three actors—the government, investors, and local communities—need to be developed to play their respective roles in the deals. It is also recommended that effective monitoring and control mechanisms related to large-scale agricultural investments should be put in place and properly implemented.


2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 1191-1199
Author(s):  
Agus Lanini Et.al

Most of the local communities living around the forest fulfil their daily needs, depending on the forest resources, but the government and even global policy have enacted the forest as a protected area or national park. The purpose of this research is to understand and explain the principles of customary law concerning the natural resources that exist in the national park, and to determine the effectiveness of customary law in protecting these natural resources. The research method applied to explore community values and attitudes is socio-legal. The research revealed society's habits through exploration, and norms and the rule of law are embraced. Some principles of customary law on natural resources include palia (taboo)  and ombo (prohibition) pertinent to natural resource conservation. Both of these principles are adhered to and have been hereditary. The values on utilising natural resources are still complied with (effective), although state law takes a formal approach for any infringement surrounding the national park. However, customary law principles still always need to be a source for environmental or related law.


AGROFOR ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Olayinka Idowu KAREEM

The attainment of sustainable development goals (SDGs) in Africa will depend in part on its endowment, productivity and management of the land resource. Thus, due to the multipurpose usage of the land, there is more interest in its acquisition and usage, which often lead to competition among investors. More so, the intensive use of land for economic activities often impacts on the environment. This has implication for the target countries’ sustainable development. It is on this basis that this study investigates the effects of large-scale land investments on the environment. The study adopts the sample selection model to find that at the decision to invest, there is the tendency the environment gets more deplorable while the foreign investors sustainably use the land and this is not the case for domestic investors. At the actual large-scale land investment level, the foreign large-scale land investment has adverse effects on the environment, but they maintain sustainable use of land, while the domestic large-scale investment negatively impacts on both the environment and the sustainable land use. Climate change impeded the availability of large-scale land. Thus, although the large-scale land investments could mitigate the challenges of national food insecurity, there should be intense efforts by the government to continuously monitor and regulate the activities of these investors to conform with global environmental best practices.


2021 ◽  
Vol 894 (1) ◽  
pp. 012002
Author(s):  
I Rosyadi ◽  
M R Habibi ◽  
N Syam

Abstract Everyone in Indonesia has the right to a good and healthy environment as a form of human rights. Every generation has obligations and responsibilities in preserving the background to ensure the welfare and quality of life between ages. Sustainable development is an effort to guarantee these rights by managing natural resources wisely and rationally and simultaneously considering economic, social, and environmental aspects. Currently, humans tend to be greedy for existing natural resources to get the maximum benefit. Illegal logging is an activity to place forest resources on a large scale without paying attention to the needs of future generations. Efforts made by the government to enforce sanctions against perpetrators of illegal logging activities are the enactment of Law Number 32 of 2009 concerning Environmental Protection and Management and Law Number 18 of 2013 concerning Prevention and Eradication of Forest Destruction.


Author(s):  
. Sagar ◽  
Mahin Sharif ◽  
Murtuza Khan

‘Bhoochethana’ (Bhoo= soil; Chethana =rejuvenation) scheme was launched by the Government of Karnataka in the year 2009 in technical collaboration with ICRISAT to enhance the yield level of major dry land crops by adopting integrated crop management (ICM) practices.  The primary strategy of Bhoochetana is soil test based nutrient management with a major thrust on micronutrients and bio-fertilizers. In this study, the cost and returns, resource use efficiency and functional analysis of redgram production among the beneficiaries and non-beneficiaries of Bhoochetana scheme have been reported. The study has been conducted in the Kalaburagi District of Karnataka State which is an economically backward region with large part of the area is under dry land and redgram is the predominant crop. The study found that cost of cultivation of redgram among beneficiaries was marginally higher than non- beneficiaries. But, beneficiaries harvested additional redgram and their returns were also higher. The ratio of MVP to MFC (Resource use efficiency) was also higher among the beneficiaries compared to non-beneficiaries. A significant positive co-efficient of dummy variable indicate that the Bhoochetana beneficiaries realised higher redgram production by 0.38 quintals per farm. Hence, the schemes like Bhoochetana are highly beneficial for the dry-land farmers when they are implemented and monitored efficiently.


2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel M. Cáceres ◽  
Esteban Tapella ◽  
Diego A. Cabrol ◽  
Lucrecia Estigarribia

Argentina is experiencing an expansion of soya and maize cultivation that is pushing the agricultural frontier over areas formerly occupied by native Chaco forest. Subsistance farmers use this dry forest to raise goats and cattle and to obtain a broad range of goods and services. Thus, two very different and non-compatible land uses are in dispute. On the one hand subsistance farmers fostering an extensive and diversified forest use, on the other hand, large-scale producers who need to clear out the forest to sow annual crops in order to appropriate soil fertility. First, the paper looks at how these social actors perceive Chaco forest, what their interests are, and what kind of values they attach to it. Second, we analyze the social-environmental conflicts that arise among actors in order to appropriate forest’s benefits. Special attention is paid to the role played by the government in relation to: (a) how does it respond to the demands of the different sectors; and (b) how it deals with the management recommendations produced by scientists carrying out social and ecological research. To put these ideas at test we focus on a case study located in Western Córdoba (Argentina), where industrial agriculture is expanding at a fast pace, and where social actors’ interests are generating a series of disputes and conflicts. Drawing upon field work, the paper shows how power alliances between economic and political powers, use the institutional framework of the State in their own benefit, disregarding wider environmental and social costs. 


2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-132
Author(s):  
Betha Rahmasari

This article aims to find out the developmentidea or paradigm through village financial management based on Law Number 6 of 2014 concerning Villages. In this study, the researcher used a normative research methodby examining the village regulations in depth. Primary legal materials are authoritatuve legal materials in the form of laws and regulations. Village dependence is the most obvious violence against village income or financial sources. Various financial assistance from the government has made the village dependent on financial sources from the government. The use of regional development funds is intended to support activities in the management of Regional Development organizations. Therefore, development funds should be managed properly and smoothly, as well as can be used effectively to increase the people economy in the regions. This research shows that the law was made to regulate and support the development of local economic potential as well as the sustainable use of natural resources and the environment, and that the village community has the right to obtain information and monitor the planning and implementation of village development.


2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 262-265
Author(s):  
Dr.Navdeep Kaur

Since its evolution environment has remained both a matter of awe and concern to man. The frontier attitude of the industrialized society towards nature has not only endangered the survival of all other life forms but also threatened the very existence of human life. The realization of such potential danger has necessitated the dissemination of knowledge and skill vis-a-vis environment protection at all stages of learning. Therefore, learners of all stages of learning need to be sensitized with a missionary zeal. This may ensure transformation of students into committed citizens for averting global environment crisis. The advancement of science and technology made the life more and more relaxed and man also became more and more ambitious. With such development, human dependence on environment increased. He consumed more resources and the effect of his activities on the environment became more and more detectable. Environment covers all the things present around the living beings and above the land, on the surface of the earth and under the earth. Environment indicates, in total, all of peripheral forces, pressures and circumstances, which affect the life, nature, behaviour, growth, development and maturation of living beings. Irrational exploitation (not utilization) of natural resources for our greed (not need) has endangered our survival, and incurred incalculable harm. Environmental Education is a science, a well-thought, permanent, lasting and integrated process of equipping learning experiences for getting awareness, knowledge, understanding, skills, values, technical expertise and involvement of learners with desirable attitudinal changes about their relationship with their natural and biophysical environment. Environmental Education is an organized effort to educate the masses about environment, its functions, need, importance, and especially how human beings can manage their behaviour in order to live in a sustainable manner.  The term 'environmental awareness' refers to creating general awareness of environmental issues, their causes by bringing about changes in perception, attitude, values and necessary skills to solve environment related problems. Moreover, it is the first step leading to the formation of responsible environmental behaviour (Stern, 2000). With the ever increasing development by modern man, large scale degradation of natural resources have been occurred, the public has to be educated about the fact that if we are degrading our environment we are actually harming ourselves. To encourage meaningful public participation and environment, it is necessary to create awareness about environment pollution and related adverse effects. This is the crucial time that environmental awareness and environmental sensitivity should be cultivated among the masses particularly among youths. For the awareness of society it is essential to work at a gross root level. So the whole society can work to save the environment.


2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 77-85
Author(s):  
L. D. Kapranova ◽  
T. V. Pogodina

The subject of the research is the current state of the fuel and energy complex (FEC) that ensures generation of a significant part of the budget and the innovative development of the economy.The purpose of the research was to establish priority directions for the development of the FEC sectors based on a comprehensive analysis of their innovative and investment activities. The dynamics of investment in the fuel and energy sector are considered. It is noted that large-scale modernization of the fuel and energy complex requires substantial investment and support from the government. The results of the government programs of corporate innovative development are analyzed. The results of the research identified innovative development priorities in the power, oil, gas and coal sectors of the fuel and energy complex. The most promising areas of innovative development in the oil and gas sector are the technologies of enhanced oil recovery; the development of hard-to-recover oil reserves; the production of liquefied natural gas and its transportation. In the power sector, the prospective areas are activities aimed at improving the performance reliability of the national energy systems and the introduction of digital technologies. Based on the research findings, it is concluded that the innovation activities in the fuel and energy complex primarily include the development of new technologies, modernization of the FEC technical base; adoption of state-of-the-art methods of coal mining and oil recovery; creating favorable economic conditions for industrial extraction of hard-to-recover reserves; transition to carbon-free fuel sources and energy carriers that can reduce energy consumption and cost as well as reducing the negative FEC impact on the environment.


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