THE ROLE AND PLACE OF SECURITY IN INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS IN THE ARCTIC REGION

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
А.Д. ЛУКИН
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Arctic Region ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
The Arctic Region

Статья рассматривает экологическую безопасность в Арктическом регионе с позиции стратегического планирования национальных интересов. Современная особенность политического курса государств по освоению Арктического региона ознаменована «гонкой стратегических документов», как это было указано в принятой в июне 2019 года Арктической стратегии США. Данная характеристика максимально правильно раскрывает существующую действительность в регионе, принятые государственные документы устанавливают принципиальные нормы продвижения государственной политики для защиты стратегических интересов. Национальные интересы в большинстве своем основаны на успешном ведении хозяйственной деятельности, реализации добычи природно-сырьевых богатств, в том числе и в шельфовой зоне. Стратегическое планирование Российской Федерации в Арктике связано с такими большими проектами, как: Ямал СПГ, Артик «СПГ-2», «Восток уголь», «Ворота Арктики». Осуществляется национальная программа по обустройству Северного морского пути, реализация проекта идет полным ходом, и на данном этапе приняты соответствующие планы по достижению необходимого уровня грузооборота по трассе СМП до 80 млн тонн до 2024 года. Хозяйственная деятельность в Арктике имеет определенные риски вероятного возникновения техногенной катастрофы, процент которого увеличивается пропорционально количеству действующих индустриальных программ. Возникновение утечек и разливов при добыче нефти-газового сырья, представляет реальную угрозу окружающей экосистеме Арктики, являющейся чрезмерно хрупкой и невосполнимой. Региональная история развития добывающей промышленности имеет прецеденты техногенной катастрофы с загрязнением значительных площадей, как в сухопутной части, так и в морских пространствах Арктики. По линии признанных региональных организаций (платформ для диалога), создаются и принимаются общеобязательные нормативно-правовые акты в рамках защиты окружающей среды Арктики; в 2013 году подписывается соглашение по сотрудничеству в сфере готовности к реагированию на угрозу загрязнения моря нефтью в Арктике. В 2017 году вступил в силу «Полярный кодекс», в котором представлены разделы с общеобязательными предписаниями с целью защиты жизни человека и предотвращения чрезвычайных ситуаций в полярных зонах. Общепризнанная платформа для диалога «Арктический Совет» в своей функции по большей части выполняет роль регионального аналитического центра по исследованию климатических изменений и охраны окружающей среды, проводя постоянные мониторинги окружающей среды. Таким образом, роль экологической безопасности в Арктике является одним из главных вопросов для сотрудничества стран на различных уровнях. Но несмотря на все усилия мирового сообщества и отдельных государств, происходят чрезвычайные ситуации различного рода, наносящие значительный ущерб окружающей среде, флоре и фауне региона вследствие чего актуальность данного вопроса не утрачивает силу.

The Northern forum as a successful model for the implementation of the identity of intra-state actors in the Arctic region

2020 ◽  
pp. 28-34
Author(s):  
A. Lukin
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Multinational Corporations ◽  
Arctic Region ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Successful Model ◽  
Administrative Functions ◽  
The World ◽  
Common Problems ◽  
Political Governance ◽  
The Arctic Region

The process of transforming international relations goes on under the influence of globalization mechanisms together with the development of integration processes. The establishment of more complex and at the same time simple mechanisms of cooperation in the system of international relations between its actors is the result of a change in the methods of introducing cases. Moving away from the classical principles of cooperation-diplomatic contacts, alliances, the world ceases to be a bipolar system of world device, thanks to the process of globalization, a multipolar world structure is being built with the new actors inherent in the globalization process, gives an example of multinational corporations and NGOs. Under the influence of globalization, the usual tools of international politics are being modified, since within the framework of the new system of transnational interaction, national states are forced to adapt to a changing, interconnected and interdependent world in which there is no longer a clear division between external and internal affairs. State power is forced to transform, transferring to a larger extent part of its functions to supranational structures, sharing its administrative functions with these structures and creating new models of world political governance. The Northern Forum acts as an organization uniting the regions of the subjects for solving common problems in the Arctic region.

The Arctic Search and Rescue Agreement: Text, Framing and Logics

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 299-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corine Wood-Donnelly
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Arctic Region ◽  
Search And Rescue ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Arctic Council ◽  
Policy Document ◽  
Cultural Contexts ◽  
Hard Law ◽  
Maritime Search And Rescue ◽  
The Arctic Region

Abstract The 2011 ‘Agreement on Cooperation on Aeronautical and Maritime Search and Rescue in the Arctic’ (henceforth SAR Agreement) is the first instrument of hard law produced by the eight states of the Arctic Council. While the agreement ostensibly addresses search and rescue related issues for the Arctic region, it is capable of being understood in a variety of legal, political and cultural contexts. Three elements are teased out in particular – the SAR Agreement as a legal policy document, as indicative of evolving Arctic international relations, and as indicative of particular geopolitical logics. As the paper concludes, however, the SAR Agreement has not been entirely free of political intrigue.

scholarly journals The Security Aspects in the Arctic: the Potential Role of NATO

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Irina Zhilina
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Nuclear Weapon ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Arctic Region ◽  
Theoretical Background ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Security Issues ◽  
Military Security ◽  
The Arctic Region

This paper addresses military security issues in the Arctic region and assesses in particular NATO’s Arctic agenda by giving a historical retrospective on the militarization of the High North. Also, it provides a theoretical background to understand the contemporary strategic situation and analyze how the enduring nuclear-weapon-based security strategies can influence the future international relations in the Arctic.

scholarly journals International legal status of the Arctic Region and its role within modern system of international relations

2020 ◽  
pp. 12-18
Author(s):  
Nikita Viktorovich Klimanov ◽  
David Eduardovich Mazlumyan
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Complex Analysis ◽  
Current System ◽  
Political Influence ◽  
Arctic Region ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
The Arctic Region

This article examines the image of the Arctic Region as a large geopolitical actor with clear division of the zone of political influence of modern countries. The article reviews the negative aspects of lobbying for the interests of separate countries, which impact situation in the region, as well as negative consequences substantiated by the absence of standardized international legislative regulation of security regime and presence of external actors in the region. Within the framework of this study, the authors carried out a legal and economic analysis of the current geopolitical situation, as well as existing aspects of normative regulation of this branch in the region, as well as concluded on the possibility of joint development of the bottom of the Arctic shelf and realization of projects in the sphere of natural resource management of the Arctic Region. The scientific novelty consists in a brief, but in-depth substantiation of typical characteristics of the current system of international relations, as well as in the complex analysis of significance of the Arctic region on the agenda of world politics, and determination of “Arctic policy” as a separate vector in strategy of the leading countries of the world. The authors consider legal characteristics and existing approaches towards determination of legal status of the Arctic territories, which vary in different political-legal traditions. United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea of 1982 is the framework document that serves as the basis of national justification of claims in the Arctic Region. The main conclusion consists in the description of the existing conflict of laws, which can be overcome successfully only in terms of mutual, joint, fruitful cooperation of the key political actors that are involved or have political aspirations in the Arctic Region.

Nuclear icebreaker fleet and power supply on the basis of floating power units

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 110-113
Author(s):  
V. A. Tupchienko ◽  
H. G. Imanova
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Power Supply ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Arctic Region ◽  
Nuclear Industry ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Far North ◽  
The Arctic Region

The article deals with the problem of the development of the domestic nuclear icebreaker fleet in the context of the implementation of nuclear logistics in the Arctic. The paper analyzes the key achievements of the Russian nuclear industry, highlights the key areas of development of the nuclear sector in the Far North, and identifies aspects of the development of mechanisms to ensure access to energy on the basis of floating nuclear power units. It is found that Russia is currently a leader in the implementation of the nuclear aspect of foreign policy and in providing energy to the Arctic region.

Chemical Composition of Atmospheric Aerosol in the Arctic Region and Adjoining Seas along the Routes of Marine Expeditions in 2018–2019

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 480-489
Author(s):  
L. P. Golobokova ◽  
T. V. Khodzher ◽  
O. N. Izosimova ◽  
P. N. Zenkova ◽  
A. O. Pochyufarov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Atmospheric Aerosol ◽  
Arctic Region ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
The Arctic Region

Estimating Friction Reduction ForCasing Operations in High-Angle Wells in The Arctic Region - A Russia Case History

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chimerebere Onyekwere Nkwocha ◽  
Evgeny Glebov ◽  
Alexey Zhludov ◽  
Sergey Galantsev ◽  
David Kay
Keyword(s):  
Case History ◽  
Arctic Region ◽  
Friction Reduction ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
High Angle ◽  
The Arctic Region

scholarly journals Temperature and Relative Humidity Profile Retrieval from Fengyun-3D/HIRAS in the Arctic Region

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 1884
Author(s):  
Jingjing Hu ◽  
Yansong Bao ◽  
Jian Liu ◽  
Hui Liu ◽  
George P. Petropoulos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Arctic Region ◽  
Cold Season ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
A New Technique ◽  
The Arctic Region

The acquisition of real-time temperature and relative humidity (RH) profiles in the Arctic is of great significance for the study of the Arctic’s climate and Arctic scientific research. However, the operational algorithm of Fengyun-3D only takes into account areas within 60°N, the innovation of this work is that a new technique based on Neural Network (NN) algorithm was proposed, which can retrieve these parameters in real time from the Fengyun-3D Hyperspectral Infrared Radiation Atmospheric Sounding (HIRAS) observations in the Arctic region. Considering the difficulty of obtaining a large amount of actual observation (such as radiosonde) in the Arctic region, collocated ERA5 data from European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) and HIRAS observations were used to train the neural networks (NNs). Brightness temperature and training targets were classified using two variables: season (warm season and cold season) and surface type (ocean and land). NNs-based retrievals were compared with ERA5 data and radiosonde observations (RAOBs) independent of the NN training sets. Results showed that (1) the NNs retrievals accuracy is generally higher on warm season and ocean; (2) the root-mean-square error (RMSE) of retrieved profiles is generally slightly higher in the RAOB comparisons than in the ERA5 comparisons, but the variation trend of errors with height is consistent; (3) the retrieved profiles by the NN method are closer to ERA5, comparing with the AIRS products. All the results demonstrated the potential value in time and space of NN algorithm in retrieving temperature and relative humidity profiles of the Arctic region from HIRAS observations under clear-sky conditions. As such, the proposed NN algorithm provides a valuable pathway for retrieving reliably temperature and RH profiles from HIRAS observations in the Arctic region, providing information of practical value in a wide spectrum of practical applications and research investigations alike.All in all, our work has important implications in broadening Fengyun-3D’s operational implementation range from within 60°N to the Arctic region.

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