scholarly journals The Security Aspects in the Arctic: the Potential Role of NATO

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Irina Zhilina
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Nuclear Weapon ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Arctic Region ◽  
Theoretical Background ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Security Issues ◽  
Military Security ◽  
The Arctic Region

This paper addresses military security issues in the Arctic region and assesses in particular NATO’s Arctic agenda by giving a historical retrospective on the militarization of the High North. Also, it provides a theoretical background to understand the contemporary strategic situation and analyze how the enduring nuclear-weapon-based security strategies can influence the future international relations in the Arctic.

THE ROLE AND PLACE OF SECURITY IN INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS IN THE ARCTIC REGION

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
А.Д. ЛУКИН
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Arctic Region ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
The Arctic Region

Статья рассматривает экологическую безопасность в Арктическом регионе с позиции стратегического планирования национальных интересов. Современная особенность политического курса государств по освоению Арктического региона ознаменована «гонкой стратегических документов», как это было указано в принятой в июне 2019 года Арктической стратегии США. Данная характеристика максимально правильно раскрывает существующую действительность в регионе, принятые государственные документы устанавливают принципиальные нормы продвижения государственной политики для защиты стратегических интересов. Национальные интересы в большинстве своем основаны на успешном ведении хозяйственной деятельности, реализации добычи природно-сырьевых богатств, в том числе и в шельфовой зоне. Стратегическое планирование Российской Федерации в Арктике связано с такими большими проектами, как: Ямал СПГ, Артик «СПГ-2», «Восток уголь», «Ворота Арктики». Осуществляется национальная программа по обустройству Северного морского пути, реализация проекта идет полным ходом, и на данном этапе приняты соответствующие планы по достижению необходимого уровня грузооборота по трассе СМП до 80 млн тонн до 2024 года. Хозяйственная деятельность в Арктике имеет определенные риски вероятного возникновения техногенной катастрофы, процент которого увеличивается пропорционально количеству действующих индустриальных программ. Возникновение утечек и разливов при добыче нефти-газового сырья, представляет реальную угрозу окружающей экосистеме Арктики, являющейся чрезмерно хрупкой и невосполнимой. Региональная история развития добывающей промышленности имеет прецеденты техногенной катастрофы с загрязнением значительных площадей, как в сухопутной части, так и в морских пространствах Арктики. По линии признанных региональных организаций (платформ для диалога), создаются и принимаются общеобязательные нормативно-правовые акты в рамках защиты окружающей среды Арктики; в 2013 году подписывается соглашение по сотрудничеству в сфере готовности к реагированию на угрозу загрязнения моря нефтью в Арктике. В 2017 году вступил в силу «Полярный кодекс», в котором представлены разделы с общеобязательными предписаниями с целью защиты жизни человека и предотвращения чрезвычайных ситуаций в полярных зонах. Общепризнанная платформа для диалога «Арктический Совет» в своей функции по большей части выполняет роль регионального аналитического центра по исследованию климатических изменений и охраны окружающей среды, проводя постоянные мониторинги окружающей среды. Таким образом, роль экологической безопасности в Арктике является одним из главных вопросов для сотрудничества стран на различных уровнях. Но несмотря на все усилия мирового сообщества и отдельных государств, происходят чрезвычайные ситуации различного рода, наносящие значительный ущерб окружающей среде, флоре и фауне региона вследствие чего актуальность данного вопроса не утрачивает силу.

scholarly journals Five Basic Cornerstones of Sustainability Education in the Arctic

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 1431 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaarina Määttä ◽  
Sanna Hyvärinen ◽  
Tanja Äärelä ◽  
Satu Uusiautti
Keyword(s):  
Educational Psychology ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Arctic Region ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Learning And Teaching ◽  
Sustainable Education ◽  
Economic Climate ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
The Arctic Region

The Arctic region faces many threats but also opportunities due to economic, climate, environmental, cultural, social, professional, educational, and institutional changes, which also necessitate new perspectives on sustainable education. When implementing sustainable education in the Arctic, it is important to increase knowledge and understanding of the special features of Arctic areas—their opportunities and vulnerabilities. In this article, the model of Arctic sustainable education (ASE) has been introduced. It is based on a new kind of lifestyle that illustrates respectful and responsible attitudes toward other people and nature. What are the special features of the teaching and learning of ASE and how to organize it? In this theoretical article, we have discussed the challenges and goals, and possibilities and significance of ASE by leaning on the five cornerstones, concerning learning and teaching of SE in schools and organizations: why, what, how, who, and when. The ASE may provide new ideas to develop sustainable education not just in the Arctic region but also elsewhere as it gets its special opportunities and expectations in a context- and time-bound manner. In conclusion, the role of educational psychology in ASE has been viewed and discussed.

scholarly journals Arctic (in)security and Indigenous peoples: Comparing Inuit in Canada and Sámi in Norway

2016 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 461-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilfrid Greaves
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Environmental Change ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Social Inclusion ◽  
Social Issues ◽  
Arctic Region ◽  
Security Studies ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Related Field ◽  
Security Issues

While international relations has increasingly begun to recognize the political salience of Indigenous peoples, the related field of security studies has not significantly incorporated Indigenous peoples either theoretically or empirically. This article helps to address this gap by comparing two Arctic Indigenous peoples – Inuit in Canada and Sámi in Norway – as ‘securitizing actors’ within their respective states. It examines how organizations representing Inuit and Sámi each articulate the meaning of security in the circumpolar Arctic region. It finds that Inuit representatives have framed environmental and social challenges as security issues, identifying a conception of Arctic security that emphasizes environmental protection, preservation of cultural identity, and maintenance of Indigenous political autonomy. While there are some similarities between the two, Sámi generally do not employ securitizing language to discuss environmental and social issues, rarely characterizing them as existential issues threatening their survival or wellbeing. Drawing on securitization theory, this article proposes three factors to explain why Inuit have sought to construct serious challenges in the Arctic as security issues while Sámi have not: ecological differences between the Canadian and Norwegian Arctic regions, and resulting differences in experience of environmental change; the relative degree of social inclusion of Inuit and Sámi within their non-Indigenous majority societies; and geography, particularly the proximity of Norway to Russia, which results in a more robust conception of national security that restricts space for alternative, non-state security discourses. This article thus links recent developments in security studies and international relations with key trends in Indigenous politics, environmental change, and the geopolitics of the Arctic region.

scholarly journals The Role of the Russian Language in the Historic and Cultural Development of the Arctic Region of the Russian Federation (as Exemplified by the Murmansk Region)

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3.15) ◽  
pp. 253
Author(s):  
Olga Nikolaevna Ivanishcheva ◽  
Anasstasija Vjacheslavovna Koreneva ◽  
Alexandra Vjacheslavovna Burtseva ◽  
Tatjana Alexandrovna Rychkova
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Arctic Region ◽  
Cultural Development ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Murmansk Region ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Russian Language ◽  
The Arctic Region

The article aims to analyze the functioning of the Russian language within the ethnic space of the Murmansk Region. The analysis of the state statistical and archive documents for the Murmansk Region has shown that the Russian language has dominated within the region since at least the 18th century, and this had its obvious economic and communicative advantages, in particular, in education. The Saami, the indigenous small-numbered people of the Murmansk Region, understood and mastered the conversational Russian language since the 18th century. The Russian language dominates within the current polyethnic linguistic environment of the Murmansk Region due to the numerical superiority of the Russians in the region, as well as due to its position as the language of the dominant ethnic group. 

scholarly journals The Arctic Five: search for a balance of power in the region

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 276-287
Author(s):  
I. S. Doroshenko
Keyword(s):  
Development Strategy ◽  
Arctic Region ◽  
Balance Of Power ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
The North ◽  
Northern Latitudes ◽  
The Development Strategy ◽  
Northern Territories ◽  
The Arctic Region

Due to climate change, the Arctic region becomes a place of geopolitical rivalry of both Arctic and non-Arctic states. Traditional formats for determining the agenda in the region are effective, but with the advent of the interest of an increasing number of international actors, these formats are transforming, which may affect the balance of power in the region. The growing activity of Asian countries in the Arctic, primarily China, is forcing regional states to make adjustments to the development strategy of the region. The rapid renewal of its potential in the northern territories of Russia caused a negative reaction from the western countries, especially after 2014.Such aspirations have emerged as the internationalization of the region by Northern Europe and China, the desire to draw clear boundaries on the part of Russia and Canada, and the buildup of US influence on its colleagues in the North Atlantic bloc. This situation may cause an uncontrolled increase in tension in the region, especially if new alliances between the Arctic and non-Arctic countries are created. The author considers the current approaches of the countries of the Arctic five, analyzes the true motives of internationalization and the role of the format of the Arctic five in maintaining a balance of power and stability in the northern latitudes.

The Northern forum as a successful model for the implementation of the identity of intra-state actors in the Arctic region

2020 ◽  
pp. 28-34
Author(s):  
A. Lukin
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Multinational Corporations ◽  
Arctic Region ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Successful Model ◽  
Administrative Functions ◽  
The World ◽  
Common Problems ◽  
Political Governance ◽  
The Arctic Region

The process of transforming international relations goes on under the influence of globalization mechanisms together with the development of integration processes. The establishment of more complex and at the same time simple mechanisms of cooperation in the system of international relations between its actors is the result of a change in the methods of introducing cases. Moving away from the classical principles of cooperation-diplomatic contacts, alliances, the world ceases to be a bipolar system of world device, thanks to the process of globalization, a multipolar world structure is being built with the new actors inherent in the globalization process, gives an example of multinational corporations and NGOs. Under the influence of globalization, the usual tools of international politics are being modified, since within the framework of the new system of transnational interaction, national states are forced to adapt to a changing, interconnected and interdependent world in which there is no longer a clear division between external and internal affairs. State power is forced to transform, transferring to a larger extent part of its functions to supranational structures, sharing its administrative functions with these structures and creating new models of world political governance. The Northern Forum acts as an organization uniting the regions of the subjects for solving common problems in the Arctic region.

Role of ACE gene polymorphism (RS4646994) in the pathogenesis of arterial hypertension formation in person performing task in the Arctic region

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.V. Lemeshchenko ◽  
A.E. Kim
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Essential Hypertension ◽  
Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Arctic Region ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Ace Gene ◽  
Ace Gene Polymorphism ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
The Arctic Region

The results of content analysis of the role of polymorphism of the ACE gene genotype (RS4646994) in persons employed in the Arctic region are presented. It has been shown that it can be recommended as a universal marker in the diagnosis of not only essential hypertension, but other diseases of the cardiovascular system. In order to reduce the risk of developing pathological conditions, when planning official activities in the Arctic region, it is advisable to build professional selection, taking into account not only their genetic predisposition, but also the body's ability to maintain homeostasis. Key words: Arctic, polymorphism, ACE gene (RS4646994), arterial hypertension, homeostasis.

The Arctic Search and Rescue Agreement: Text, Framing and Logics

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 299-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corine Wood-Donnelly
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Arctic Region ◽  
Search And Rescue ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Arctic Council ◽  
Policy Document ◽  
Cultural Contexts ◽  
Hard Law ◽  
Maritime Search And Rescue ◽  
The Arctic Region

Abstract The 2011 ‘Agreement on Cooperation on Aeronautical and Maritime Search and Rescue in the Arctic’ (henceforth SAR Agreement) is the first instrument of hard law produced by the eight states of the Arctic Council. While the agreement ostensibly addresses search and rescue related issues for the Arctic region, it is capable of being understood in a variety of legal, political and cultural contexts. Three elements are teased out in particular – the SAR Agreement as a legal policy document, as indicative of evolving Arctic international relations, and as indicative of particular geopolitical logics. As the paper concludes, however, the SAR Agreement has not been entirely free of political intrigue.

scholarly journals Medical and psychological rehabilitation of servicemen serving in the Arctic zone of Russia

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 4-15
Author(s):  
S V Dolgikh ◽  
G N Ponomarenko ◽  
L L Bobrov ◽  
V N Ishchuk ◽  
A V Merzlikin
Keyword(s):  
Military Personnel ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Arctic Region ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Arctic Zone ◽  
Combat Training ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
The Military ◽  
The Arctic Region

The analysis and results of the generalization of domestic scientific research on the issues of service activities of military personnel and civilians in the Arctic are given. The problems of the organization of the protection of the health of servicemen serving in the Arctic region are shown. It has been established that military personnel performing combat training tasks in the Arctic zone of Russia mainly (more than 95% of cases) have the following types of psychophysical and neurotic disadaptosis - somatoform dysfunction of the autonomic nervous system, overwork, restrictions on activity caused by a decrease or disability. The role of medical and psychological rehabilitation as one of the effective methods for the prevention and treatment of maladaptive disorders in the military has been shown. Methodical approaches to the organization of medical and psychological rehabilitation of servicemen performing training and combat tasks in the Arctic zone of Russia, in particular, recommendations on the use of corrective methods in accordance with the clinical characteristics of syndromes are proposed.

scholarly journals The role of tropopause polar vortices in the intensification of Summer Arctic cyclones

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzanne L. Gray ◽  
Kevin Hodges ◽  
Jonathan Vautrey ◽  
John Methven
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Arctic Region ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Polar Regions ◽  
Synoptic Scale ◽  
Coherent Vortices ◽  
Cyclone Genesis ◽  
Ecmwf Reanalysis ◽  
The Arctic Region

<p>Human activity in the Arctic is expected to increase as new regions become accessible, with a consequent need for reliable forecasts of hazardous weather. Arctic cyclones are synoptic-scale cyclones developing within or moving into the Arctic region. Meso- to synoptic-scale tropopause-based coherent vortices called tropopause polar vortices (TPVs) are frequently observed in polar regions and are a proposed mechanism for Arctic cyclone genesis and intensification. While the importance of pre-existing tropopause-level features for cyclone development, and their existence as part of the three-dimensional mature cyclone structure, is well established in the mid-latitudes, evidence of the importance of pre-existing TPVs for Arctic cyclone development is more limited. Here we present a climatology and characteristics of summer Arctic cyclones and TPVs, produced by tracking them in the latest global ECMWF reanalysis (ERA5), and determine the role of pre-existing TPVs in the initiation and intensification of these cyclones.</p>

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