Особенности стандартизации химических реагентов для подготовки питьевой воды (на примере коагулянта полиоксихлорида алюминия)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Samburskii ◽  
O. Ustinova ◽  
Svetlana, Leont’eva
Keyword(s):  
Organic Contaminants ◽  
Disperse Medium ◽  
Metal Salts ◽  
National Standard ◽  
Process Technology ◽  
Technical Regulation ◽  
Uniform Assessment ◽  
Dissolved Form ◽  
Polyaluminium Chloride

Распространенным технологическим приемом удаления из воды грубодисперсных примесей, находящихся во взвешенном состоянии, а также коллоидных органических загрязнений, присутствующих в растворенном виде, является процесс коагуляции. Эффективными коагулянтами для систем с водной дисперсионной средой являются соли поливалентных металлов. Цель работы заключалась в создании нового государственного стандарта, предназначенного для обеспечения единообразной оценки качества коагулянтов. Рассмотрена область применения коагулянтов в процессе водоподготовки и проведен их сравнительный анализ. Показана необходимость унификации в области процессов контроля качества коагулянтов. Сформулированы общие требования к контролю качества полиоксихлорида алюминия. Представлен разработанный и утвержденный новый национальный стандарт ГОСТ Р 58580-2019 Полиоксихлорид алюминия. Технические условия , который учитывает требования санитарного законодательства, технического регулирования, безопасности процессов производства и транспортировки полиоксихлорида алюминия.Coagulation process has been a widespread process technology for removing coarse suspended impurities from water, as well as colloidal organic contaminants present in dissolved form. Polyvalent metal salts are effective coagulants for the systems with aqueous disperse medium. The purpose of the work was developing a new state standard to provide for a uniform assessment of the quality of coagulants. The scope of coagulants in the process of water treatment is considered and their comparative analysis is carried out. The general requirements to the control of polyaluminium chloride quality are formulated. The developed and approved new national standard GOST R 58580-2019 Polyaluminium chloride. Technical conditions is presented that takes into account the requirements of sanitary legislation, technical regulation, safety of the processes of production and transportation of polyaluminium chloride.

DAYA SAING EKSPOR PRODUK CPO INDONESIA DAN POTENSI HILIRISASI DIOLAH MENJADI BIODIESEL

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Danar Agus Susanto
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Comparative Advantage ◽  
Global Market ◽  
National Standard ◽  
Revealed Comparative Advantage ◽  
Crude Palm Oil ◽  
A Value ◽  
World Demand ◽  
Domestic Use

ABSTRACTIndonesia is the world's largest producer of crude palm oil (CPO). Even so, the trend of international trade in Indonesian CPO products has decreased in the last 10 years with a value of -10.19%. The decline in world demand for CPO can be dealt with by utilizing CPO as a biofuel for domestic use, like biodiesel. The purpose of this study is to determine the competitiveness of Indonesian CPO in global trade and determine the parameters of the quality requirements of CPO and biodiesel. The competitiveness analysis method uses the Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) method, while the analysis of the potential quality of CPO as a biofuel is carried out by analyzing the Indonesian National Standard (SNI). CPO trade in the global market is controlled by Indonesia with a market share of 50% and Malaysia 25.6%, with the declining trade trend in the last 10 years relatively (2010-2019) of -6.91%. The level of competitiveness of Indonesian CPO products in 2019 is very strong, but on average in the last 10 years, the level of competitiveness of Indonesian CPO is no better than that of Malaysia. Indonesia has SNI 01-2901-2006 and SNI 7182: 2015 as a determinant of the quality of CPO and biodiesel products developed in Indonesia so that the CPO and biodiesel produced fullfil sacurity and safety aspects when used by consumers.Keywords: crude palm oil (CPO), competitivenessv, quality, Indonesian National Standard (SNI) ABSTRAKIndonesia merupakan negara produsen minyak kelapa sawit mentah/ Crude Palm Oil (CPO) terbesar di dunia. Meskipun demikian, tren perdagangan internasional produk CPO Indonesia mengalami penurunan dalam sepuluh tahun terakhir dengan nilai -10,19%. Penurunan permintaan dunia terhadap CPO, dapat disiasati dengan memanfaatkan CPO sebagai bahan bakar nabati untuk keperluan dalam negeri sebagai biodiesel. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui daya saing CPO Indonesia dalam perdagangan global dan mengetahui parameter persyaratan mutu CPO dan biodiesel. Metode analisis daya saing menggunakan metode Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA), sedangkan analisis potensi kualitas CPO sebagai biofuel dilakukan dengan menganalisis Standar Nasional Indoensia (SNI). Perdagangan CPO dalam pasar global dikuasai oleh Indonesia dengan pangsa pasar 50% dan Malaysia 25,6%, dengan tren perdagangan relatif menurun dalam 10 tahun terakhir (2010-2019) sebesar -6,91%. Tingkat daya saing produk CPO Indonesia pada tahun 2019 sangat kuat, namun secara rata-rata dalam 10 tahun terakhir, tingkat daya saing CPO Indonesia tidak lebih baik dari Malaysia. Indonesia memiliki SNI 01-2901-2006 dan SNI 7182:2015 sebagai penentu kualitas produk CPO dan biodiesel yang dikembangkan di Indonesia, sehingga CPO dan biodiesel yang dihasilkan memenuhi aspek keamanan dan keselamatan ketika digunakan oleh konsumen.Kata kunci: crude palm oil (CPO), daya saing, kualitas, Standar Nasional Indonesia (SNI)

scholarly journals Health-related quality of life in patients with chronic hepatitis C treated with sofosbuvir-based treatment at 1-year post-sustained virological response

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akio Miyasaka ◽  
Yuichi Yoshida ◽  
Akiko Suzuki ◽  
Yasuhiro Takikawa
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
National Standard ◽  
Health Related Quality ◽  
Related Quality ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Standard Values ◽  
Chronic Hcv

Abstract Purpose Long-term effects on patient health-related quality of life (HRQoL) after direct-acting antiviral (DAA) treatment for hepatitis C virus (HCV) are unknown. We assessed the impact of DAA-mediated HCV clearance on HRQoL from DAA initiation to 1 year after confirmed sustained virological response at 24 weeks post-treatment (SVR24). Methods HRQoL was evaluated using the eight-item Short Form Health Survey (SF-8). Chronic HCV-infected patients were treated for 12 weeks with sofosbuvir-based DAAs. SF-8 was administered at baseline, treatment cessation, SVR24, and 1-year post-SVR24. Results A total of 109 chronic HCV-infected patients were enrolled. The average SF-8 scores were higher than the Japanese national standard values for bodily pain (BP) and mental health at baseline and for general health at 1-year post-SVR24. None of the SF-8 scores differed significantly between baseline and 1-year post-SVR24. Regarding age, sex, liver status, and treatment regimen, the SF-8 scores at 1-year post-SVR24 were affected by only age; individuals aged < 65 years had significantly higher physical component score (PCS), physical functioning, role physical, and BP scores than older individuals. In the multivariable analysis, only age of ≥ 65 years was significantly associated with influencing PCS at 1-year post-SVR24. However, no significant factors were identified for mental component score. Conclusion Upon long-term assessment, although more factors trended higher than national standard values at 1-year post-SVR24 than at baseline, there were no significant changes within factors. As PCS tended to be associated with age, patients aged ≥ 65 years should be carefully monitored for PCS.

scholarly journals SIFAT FISIKOKIMIA HAND AND BODY CREAM DENGAN PEMANFAATAN EKSTRAK ETANOL BUNGA GEMITIR (Tagetes erecta L.) DAN BUNGA PACAR AIR MERAH (Impatiens balsamina L.) DARI LIMBAH CANANG

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Dewa Ayu Ika Paramitha ◽  
James Sibarani ◽  
Ni Made Suaniti
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
National Standard ◽  
Tagetes Erecta ◽  
Basic Formula ◽  
Impatiens Balsamina ◽  
Ethanol Extracts ◽  
Tagetes Erecta L ◽  
Microbial Numbers

ABSTRAK: Pada penelitian ini dilakukan pengembangan formula sediaan hand and body cream dengan memanfaatkan sumber antioksidan yang dimiliki oleh dua jenis ekstrak etanol yaitu ekstrak bunga pacar air merah (Impatiens balsamina L.) dan bunga gemitir (Tagetes erecta L.) dengan taraf perlakuan sebesar 1% dari masing-masing ekstrak (FPM dan FG) dan campuran 0,5% ekstrak pacar air merah dan 0,5% ekstrak gemitir (FCPMG). Pengujian terhadap  produk dilakukan pada sifat fisikokimia  meliputi pH, viskositas, aktivitas antioksidan, angka lempeng total mikroba, dan ukuran partikel. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian produk hand and body cream yang dihasilkan memiliki antioksidan yang cukup tinggi sebagai produk perawatan tubuh dengan penambahan 1% ekstrak etanol pacar air merah, gemitir dan campuran dari kedua ekstrak etanol. Kualitas produk hand and body cream yang dihasilkan baik dan memenuhi standar mutu SNI dari aspek nilai pH, viskositas, dan nilai ALT. Warna yang dihasilkan mulai dari warna kuning kemerahan sampai dengan warna kuning, dan partikel yang dimiliki oleh produk adalah nanopartikel dengan sistem polidispersi. ABSTRACT: Formulations of hand and body creams using ethanol extracts of flowers of red Impatiens balsamina L. And Tagetes erecta L. As antioxidant sources have been developed.  One percent of  extracts (FPM and FG) and the mixture of 0.5% each extracts (FCPMG) were added to the basic formula. The analysis of physicochemical properties of the products was conducted including pH, viscosity, antioxidant activity, the size of the particles, and total microbial plate numbers. Based on the results, the quality of the hand and body creams meet the national standard of Indonesia (SNI) regarding to pH, viscosity, and the total microbial numbers. The colours of the hand and body creams resulted are reddish yellow to yellow with polydispersion nanoparticles.

scholarly journals Organic Contaminants Affecting the Quality of Water

1956 ◽  
Vol 71 (11) ◽  
pp. 1125 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. M. Middleton ◽  
A. A. Rosen
Keyword(s):  
Organic Contaminants ◽  
Quality Of Water

Reliability Performance of 1200 V and 1700 V 4H-SiC DMOSFETs for Next Generation Power Conversion Applications

2014 ◽  
Vol 778-780 ◽  
pp. 967-970 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald A. Gajewski ◽  
Sei Hyung Ryu ◽  
Mrinal Das ◽  
Brett Hull ◽  
Jonathan Young ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wide Bandgap ◽  
Large Sample Size ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Process Technology ◽  
Power Switching ◽  
Comprehensive Reliability ◽  
Reliability Performance ◽  
Acceptance Tests ◽  
Frequency Power

We present new reliability results on the Cree, Inc., 4H-SiC, DMOSFET devices. The Cree DMOSFETs were developed to meet the demand of next-generation, high-frequency power switching applications, such as: dc-ac inversion, dc-dc conversion, and ac-dc rectification, with continually improving energy efficiency. The Cree Generation 2 DMOSFET process technology is now commercially available with 1200 V and 1700 V ratings. We have performed intrinsic reliability studies to ensure excellent wear-out performance and long field lifetime of the products. We have also performed large sample size qualification reliability acceptance tests to ensure the quality of the manufacturing and packaging processes. These comprehensive reliability studies establish new benchmarks for wide bandgap transistors and demonstrate that Crees MOSFETs meet or exceed all industrial reliability requirements. This achievement facilitates broad market adoption of this disruptive power switch technology.

Onsite management of tanker ships' rinse water by means of a compact bioreactor

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 681-687 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. G. Capodaglio ◽  
A. Callegari
Keyword(s):  
Organic Contaminants ◽  
Process Unit ◽  
Treatment Facility ◽  
Operational Costs ◽  
Rinse Water

An innovative aerobic bioreactor, the Biomass Concentrator Reactor (BCR), initially developed for resilient pollutants (e.g. MTBE) removal from groundwaters was tested to remove organic contaminants from tanker ships' rinse waters collected at the dedicated treatment facility in an Italian Port. The size and reduced operational requirements of this process unit would make it an ideal means of disposing such contaminated matrix directly onboard a vessel. The results obtained in this study are encouraging both for the quality of the obtained effluents and for the limited operational costs and complexity.

Simulationsbasierte Optimierung von Fabrikabläufen*/Simulation-based optimization of factory processes

2018 ◽  
Vol 108 (04) ◽  
pp. 221-227
Author(s):  
T. Donhauser ◽  
L. Baier ◽  
T. Ebersbach ◽  
J. Franke ◽  
P. Schuderer
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Silicate ◽  
Optimization Approach ◽  
Process Technology ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Decomposition Approach ◽  
Planning And Control ◽  
Simulation Based ◽  
Simulation Based Optimization ◽  
And Control

Die Kalksandsteinherstellung weist aufgrund prozesstechnisch und zeitlich divergierender Teilprozesse einen hohen Planungs- sowie Steuerungsaufwand auf. Durch Einsatz eines simulationsgestützten Optimierungsverfahrens kann diese Komplexität bewältigt werden. Um bei hoher Lösungsqualität eine Laufzeit zu erreichen, die einen operativen Einsatz des Verfahrens gestattet, wird auf Basis einer vorangegangenen Studie ein Dekompositionsansatz implementiert und dessen Eignung durch Testläufe validiert. &nbsp; Calcium silicate masonry production requires a great deal of planning and control due to the fact that subprocesses vary in terms of process technology and time. To overcome this complexity, a simulation-based optimization approach is applied. As a short runtime that allows the method to be used operationally and yet still offers a high quality of solution is crucial, a decomposition approach is implemented on the basis of a previous study and its suitability is validated by means of test runs.

A Study on the Optimization and Application of All Radial Truck Tire Building Process Technology

2009 ◽  
Vol 87-88 ◽  
pp. 244-249
Author(s):  
Zhi Hua Li ◽  
Shi Liang Yang ◽  
Peng Xia ◽  
Zhao Feng Li ◽  
Yan Qing Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Benefit ◽  
Control Device ◽  
Process Technology ◽  
New Device ◽  
Truck Tire ◽  
Building Process ◽  
Technology Process ◽  
And Control

By analyzing the technology process of all steel radial truck tire building machine, the author finds that there is a big potential of improvement both in stitching effect and efficiency. A new kind of stitching and control device is designed to replace the original. The new device can realize the soft stitching of tire, which reduces redundant actions and thus optimizes the process and improves the stitching efficiency. It is found in tests that the optimized process reduces the blister defectives greatly. Both productivity and quality of tires are improved significantly. It shows a big economic benefit.

Frying oils quality control: necessity for new approach of supervision

2018 ◽  
Vol 120 (2) ◽  
pp. 490-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ebrahim Ahmadi ◽  
Mohammad Mosaferi ◽  
Leila Nikniaz ◽  
Jafar Sadegh Tabrizi ◽  
Mohammad Asghari Jafarabadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fast Food ◽  
Edible Oils ◽  
Standard Procedure ◽  
Frying Oil ◽  
National Standard ◽  
Frying Oils ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Cooking Oil

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the quality of the frying oil used in restaurants, fast food establishments, and confectionary stores. The compliance of used frying oils with the quality standards as determined by the peroxide value (PV) and the total polar materials (TPMs) is investigated by analyzing 375 samples of oil. Design/methodology/approach The PV was measured according to the national standard procedure number 4179, while the TPM was determined using a Testo 270 cooking oil tester. Frying oils with a PV>5 mEq/kg and a TPM>25 percent were considered to be non-edible. For a comparison of groups, the Mann-Whitney and Spearman correlation tests were used, and p<0.05 was considered significant. Findings The maximum TPM and PV recorded for frying oils in fast food restaurants were 97.5 percent and 77.9 mEq/kg, respectively. The results also revealed that 60 percent of samples were non-edible according to the TPM, while 58.9 percent of the oil samples were non-edible because of the PV. TPM and PV correlated well with each other (r=0.99, p<0.001) and with oil replacement intervals (r=0.90, p<0.001). The relationship between the TPM and PV was stronger in the polynomial model than the linear model. The following equation was obtained: peroxide (mEq/kg oil)=0.0043 TPM2 (%)+0.1587 TPM (%)–0.6152. Originality/value Considering the current limitations in official supervision by health authority, on-site self-monitoring of the TPM using the Testo 270 cooking oil tester by sellers as a solution seems a new approach. Food stores, restaurants, and confectionary stores should be equipped with TPM analyzers to determine the quality of the frying oil and the timely replacement of non-edible oils.

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