Pre-project evaluation of the efficiency of water and sludge treatment facilities

2021 ◽  
pp. 41-49
Author(s):  
Е.И. Пупырев ◽  
В.Л. Ширяевский ◽  
В.А. Герасимов
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Professional Community ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Digital Design ◽  
Project Work ◽  
Computer Design ◽  
Mathematical Methods ◽  
Design Environment ◽  
Treatment Facilities

Проектирование сооружений очистки воды имеет многовековую историю. В настоящее время в мировом проектном сообществе сложились практически единые технологические схемы очистки природной воды до уровня питьевой и очистки хозяйственно-бытовых сточных вод. В области очистки воды в профессиональном сообществе идет интенсивный обмен идеями, технологиями, промышленными продуктами. В последнее время активно развиваются математические методы расчета блоков сооружений, используются методы цифрового (компьютерного) проектирования. Для сложных проектов в первую очередь выполняются предпроектные работы. Методы проектирования сооружений очистки воды остаются по сути своей эвристическими, и для одной и той же постановки задач может быть предложен ряд конструктивных решений. Цифровая среда проектирования позволяет решать новые задачи, прежде всего проектировать очистные сооружения, оптимальные не только по показателям качества воды и другим техническим параметрам, но одновременно, если это возможно, и по экономической эффективности. Предлагается метод разработки предпроекта с использованием многовариантных математических процедур, которые позволяют приблизиться к оптимальному сочетанию технических и финансовых показателей будущего сооружения очистки воды. Designing water treatment facilities has a centuries-old history. At present, the world project community has developed practically unified process flow schemes for natural water treatment to the drinking water quality and domestic wastewater treatment. The professional community practices an intensive exchange of ideas, technologies, and industrial products in the field of water purification. Recently, mathematical methods for calculating module structures have been actively developing, methods of digital (computer) design are used. For complex projects, first of all, pre-project work is carried out. Methods for designing water treatment facilities remain inherently heuristic, and a number of design solutions can be proposed for the same problem statement. The digital design environment provides for tackling new problems, first of all, for designing treatment facilities that are optimal not only in terms of the water quality and other technical parameters, but at the same time, if possible, in terms of the economic efficiency. A method is proposed for the development of a pre-design using multivariate mathematical procedures that allow approaching the optimal combination of technical and financial indicators of the future water treatment facility.

Conventional Water Treatments

2020 ◽  
pp. 138-165
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Rural Regions ◽  
Sludge Management ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Water Treatment Plants ◽  
In Series ◽  
Treatment Facilities ◽  
The Common ◽  
Water Treatments

Conventional water treatments have several successive processes in series to produce potable water. This chapter talks about the conventional water treatment processes which are mainly used to treat water originated from freshwater sources. Besides, the discussion covers some typical water quality, both raw and treated, as well as the standards of water quality. One of the highlighted topics in this chapter is the common issues that are frequently happening in the conventional water treatment facilities around the rural regions experiencing tropical climate, which is centred on the issues affecting the raw water quality and treatment processes. The major issue during post-treatment which is on sludge management is also discussed by underlining some alternative to the traditional way of using sludge lagoons. Topics in this chapter provide a better perspective to the water treatment operators and students who are interested in this topic of major processes used in conventional water treatment plants as well as the common issues encountered.

The Assessment of Water Quality

1975 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas H. Harris
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Public Acceptability ◽  
End Products ◽  
Treatment Facilities ◽  
Quality Measurements

The objectives of this study were: (1) to determine the methods employed by water treatment facilities to measure turbidity, color, and odor in water; (2) to estimate the variability of measures obtained routinely by the most commonly employed methods; and (3) to relate combinations of measured turbidity, color, and odor values to public acceptability of drinking water. The main end-products of the study were a set of cumulative distributions of water quality measurements and a family of water quality acceptance curves for combinations of turbidity, color, and odor values throughout the full range of public acceptability.

scholarly journals Analysis of Water Quality Characteristics in Domestic Wastewater Treatment Facilities.

2000 ◽  
Vol 23 (9) ◽  
pp. 584-589
Author(s):  
Takeshi YAHASHI ◽  
Yousuke FURUKAWA ◽  
Takao WATANABE ◽  
Hideaki OHMORI ◽  
Yoshio INOUE
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Quality Characteristics ◽  
Domestic Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Treatment Facilities

scholarly journals Water preammonization at central water treatment facilities in a large city as a way to minimize health risks

2021 ◽  
pp. 52-60
Author(s):  
S.A. Sosnina ◽  
◽  
A.V. Mironovskaya ◽  
T.N. Unguryanu ◽  
R.V. Buzinov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Large City ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Drinking Water Quality ◽  
Aluminum Concentration ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Treatment Facilities

At present chlorine compounds are widely used to disinfect water during water treatment procedures; it stimulates occurrence of toxic chlorinated organic compounds. Water preammonization with ammonia sulfate was implemented at central water treatment facilities in Arkhangelsk. Our research goal was to assess efficiency of water preammonization at central water treatment facilities in Arkhangelsk. Our research involved analyzing drinking water quality at central water treatment facilities prior to preammonization was implemented (from January 2016 to July 2017) and after it was implemented (from June 2018 to December 2019). We examined 14,674 water samples prior to water preammonization implementation and 15,165 water samples after it. Water quality was analyzed as per 19 parameters. Non-carcinogenic effects caused by exposure to chemicals in drinking water, prior to and after preammonization, were estimated basing on calculating hazard quotients and indexes. To describe examined parameters, median and 90-th percentile was used. Wilcoxon signed-rank test was applied to reveal differences between water parameters prior to and after preammonization was implemented. Water preammonization implemented at central water treatment facilities allowed improving drinking water quality at the second lifting and in distribution networks. After preammonization were implemented, aluminum concentration want down by 2.7 times at the second lifting; nitrates concentration, by 1.2 times; chloroform concentration, by 3.5 times (р<0.001). Overall microbe number went down by 1.6 times (р<0.001). After preammonization was implemented, water turbidity in distribution networks went down by 1.3 times, aluminum and chloroform concentrations fell by 1.7 and 7.3 times accordingly (р<0,001). Contribution made by chloroform into hazard indexes decreased by 10-47% after preammonization was implemented against water treatment performed according to conventional procedures (chlorination). Water preammonization allowed achieving more qualitative and efficient operating of water supply systems and operational costs reduction; it also resulted in a decrease in concentrations of adverse side products occurring due to disinfection and in achieving higher drinking water quality

scholarly journals Water preammonization at central water treatment facilities in a large city as a way to minimize health risks

2021 ◽  
pp. 52-60
Author(s):  
S.A. Sosnina ◽  
◽  
A.V. Mironovskaya ◽  
T.N. Unguryanu ◽  
R.V. Buzinov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Large City ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Drinking Water Quality ◽  
Aluminum Concentration ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Treatment Facilities

At present chlorine compounds are widely used to disinfect water during water treatment procedures; it stimulates occurrence of toxic chlorinated organic compounds. Water preammonization with ammonia sulfate was implemented at central water treatment facilities in Arkhangelsk. Our research goal was to assess efficiency of water preammonization at central water treatment facilities in Arkhangelsk. Our research involved analyzing drinking water quality at central water treatment facilities prior to preammonization was implemented (from January 2016 to July 2017) and after it was implemented (from June 2018 to December 2019). We examined 14,674 water samples prior to water preammonization implementation and 15,165 water samples after it. Water quality was analyzed as per 19 parameters. Non-carcinogenic effects caused by exposure to chemicals in drinking water, prior to and after preammonization, were estimated basing on calculating hazard quotients and indexes. To describe examined parameters, median and 90-th percentile was used. Wilcoxon signed-rank test was applied to reveal differences between water parameters prior to and after preammonization was implemented. Water preammonization implemented at central water treatment facilities allowed improving drinking water quality at the second lifting and in distribution networks. After preammonization were implemented, aluminum concentration want down by 2.7 times at the second lifting; nitrates concentration, by 1.2 times; chloroform concentration, by 3.5 times (р<0.001). Overall microbe number went down by 1.6 times (р<0.001). After preammonization was implemented, water turbidity in distribution networks went down by 1.3 times, aluminum and chloroform concentrations fell by 1.7 and 7.3 times accordingly (р<0,001). Contribution made by chloroform into hazard indexes decreased by 10-47% after preammonization was implemented against water treatment performed according to conventional procedures (chlorination). Water preammonization allowed achieving more qualitative and efficient operating of water supply systems and operational costs reduction; it also resulted in a decrease in concentrations of adverse side products occurring due to disinfection and in achieving higher drinking water quality

Изменение качества природной воды источника централизованного водоснабжения при ее транспортировке

2019 ◽  
pp. 43-47
Author(s):  
O. Govorov ◽  
Z. Govorova ◽  
U. Rudich
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Natural Water ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Microbial Count ◽  
Supply Source ◽  
Water Treatment Process ◽  
Water Mains ◽  
Treatment Facilities

Рассмотрены вопросы трансформации качества воды природного источника водоснабжения при ее транспортировке по водоводам большой протяженности от водозабора до площадки водопроводных очистных сооружений и причины, влияющие на изменение качественного состава воды. Приведены результаты исследований изменения качества воды природного водоисточника, характеризующегося малой мутностью, средней цветностью, сезонным развитием фитопланктона и содержанием органических соединений. Установлено, что в отдельные периоды года происходит как улучшение, так и ухудшение качества транспортируемой по водоводам воды по показателям: перманганатная окисляемость, общее микробное число, численность и биомасса фитопланктона в несколько раз, вследствие чего возрастает в несколько раз нагрузка на сооружения по загрязняющим веществам и снижается эффективность процесса водоочистки. Постоянный мониторинг и систематизация данных по изменению качества воды позволят своевременно корректировать режимы и параметры работы водоочистных сооружений, тем самым обеспечивая стабильную эффективность очистки воды до нормативных требований.The issues of the water quality transformation from a natural water supply source during transportation by longdistance water mains from the water intake to the water treatment facilities site and the reasons affecting the changes in the qualitative composition of water are considered. The results of the studies on the changes in the water quality of a natural water source characterized by low turbidity, medium color, seasonal growth of phytoplankton and the concentration of organic compounds are presented. It has been established that in certain periods of the year both the improvement and deterioration of the quality of water transported by water mains by several times occur in terms of the following indicators: permanganate value, total microbial count, phytoplankton count and biomass, resulting in several times increase in the pollution load on the treatment facilities and decrease in the efficiency of the water treatment process. Continuous monitoring and systematization of data on the changes in water quality will make it possible to timely adjust the modes and parameters of water treatment plants, thereby ensuring sustainable water treatment efficiency according to the regulatory requirements.

scholarly journals New technological solutions for water treatment systems in modern conditions

2021 ◽  
pp. 201-209
Author(s):  
Ye. M. Matseluk ◽  
D. V. Charnyy ◽  
V. D. Levytska ◽  
S. V. Marysyk
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Chlorine Dioxide ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Organic Component ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Treatment Technology ◽  
Treatment Facilities ◽  
Purification Of Water

The current state of water quality formation in surface water bodies, which serve as sources of drinking water supply in the Dnieper river basin, was considered. The water treatment technologies currently used in Ukraine, were analyzed. The inconsistency of these technologies with the current water quality in these sources of water supply was established, as these technologies are not quite suitable for the purification of water with a significant organic component of any genesis. It was found that one of the main factors that influences the quality of water in water bodies in the warm period is phytoplankton, especially during their "flowering. The factors accompanying this phenomenon were shown, the development trends and their influence on the operating water treatment systems were analyzed. It was considered the feasibility of using reagents with the effect of oxidation of the organic component of the source water, in particular chlorine dioxide, the use of which is effective in disinfection of chlorine-resistant microbiota and phenols oxidations. Moreover, in the conditions of the expected increase in the concentration of mycocystins, chlorine dioxide can be, by analogy with ozone, a fairly effective oxidant of these toxins with a prolonged disinfection effect. The potential development areas of water treatment systems by intensifying bio-physico-chemical processes on the basis of the existing typical capacitive and package units of water treatment plants are given. The perspective areas of scientific and technological developments for substantiation of effective solutions on modernization of existing water treatment facilities were established in these conditions, namely it is reasonable to consider only those solutions, which provide effective purification of water with high concentration of phytoplankton without comprehensive or radical change of water treatment technology. That is, these approaches should make maximum use of existing treatment facilities, either by their reconstruction, or with the use of new reagents, or a combination of both.

Improvement of Lake Water Quality by using Moving Rapid Water Treatment System

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kwang-Hee Lee ◽  
◽  
Min-Ho Kim ◽  
Nam-Woo An ◽  
Chul-hwi Park
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Lake Water ◽  
Treatment System ◽  
Lake Water Quality ◽  
Water Treatment System

The new technology of waste water treatment by using bioreactors with bio membranous movable bed – biochips

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 276-292
Author(s):  
Maria Y. Savostyanova ◽  
◽  
Lidia А. Norina ◽  
Arina V. Nikolaeva ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Pollution Level ◽  
Waste Waters ◽  
Treatment Facilities ◽  
Movable Bed

Retaining of water resources quality is one of the global ecological problems of the modern time. The most promising direction in solving the problem of water resources protection is the reduction of negative environmental influence of waste water from production facilities by upgrading the existing water treatment technologies. To treat utility water, technical and rain water from site facilities of Transneft system entities, the specialists developed and approved standard technological diagrams, which are used in producing treatment facilities. The standard technological diagrams provide for all necessary stages of waste water treatment ensures the reduction of pollution level to normal values. However, during operation of treatment facilities it was established, that to ensure the required quality of waste water treatment with initially high levels of pollution, the new technological solutions are necessary. The author presents the results of scientific-research work, in the context of which the best affordable technologies were identified in the area of the treatment of waste water with increased content of pollutants and non-uniform ingress pattern. On the basis of the research results the technical solutions were developed for optimization of operation of existing waste water treatment facilities by means of using combined treatment of technical and rain waters and utility waste waters and applying bioreactor with movable bed – biochips. The use of bioreactor with movable bed allows the increase in the area of active surface, which facilitates increase and retention of biomass. Biochips are completely immersed into waste waters, and biofilm is formed on the entire volume of immersion area, facilitating retention of biomass and preventing formation of sediments. Due to mixing the floating device with biofilm constantly moves along the whole area of bioreactor, and, in doing so, speeds up biochemical processes and uniformity of treatment. The advantages of a bioreactor with movable bed – its active sludge durability against increased and changing pollutant concentrations, change of waste water temperature and simplicity of application – ensured the possibility of its use for blending utility waters, technical and rain waters.

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