Specific features of the static calculation of underground pipelines of gravity wastewater disposal systems

2021 ◽  
pp. 50-53
Author(s):  
Ю.С. Захаров
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Static Analysis ◽  
Structural Materials ◽  
Building Construction ◽  
Structural Behavior ◽  
Reliable Operation ◽  
Wastewater Disposal ◽  
Underground Pipelines ◽  
Static Calculation ◽  
Environmentally Safe

Необходимым условием экологически безопасной и надежной эксплуатации подземных трубопроводов самотечных систем водоотведения является определение требований к прочностным характеристикам элементов строительной конструкции (труб, фасонных частей), которые формируются на основании статического расчета трубопровода. При статическом расчете определяются и анализируются прямые и косвенные нагрузки, действующие на трубопровод, и производится оценка их влияния на конструкцию. Рассматриваются существующие подходы к выполнению статического расчета. На основании результатов исследований российских и зарубежных авторов утверждается, что выбор параметров труб, используемых при строительстве подземных трубопроводов, зависит не только от свойств конструкционных материалов, но прежде всего от свойств грунта, условий укладки и монтажа, а также от действующих нагрузок и степени деформации трубопровода. An essential pre-requisite for environmentally safe and reliable operation of underground pipelines of gravity wastewater disposal systems is specifying the requirements for the structural behavior of building construction elements (pipes, fittings) that are determined on the basis of a static calculation of the pipeline. In the process of the static analysis, direct and indirect loadings acting on the pipeline are determined and analyzed, and their impact on the structure is estimated. Existing approaches to performing a static analysis are considered. Based on the results of the studies carried out by Russian and foreign authors, it has been argued that the choice of the pipe parameters used in the construction of underground pipelines depends not only on the properties of structural materials, but primarily on the soil properties, conditions of laying and installation, as well as on the existing loadings and degree of pipeline deformation.

An Assessment of a Low-Cost Wastewater Disposal System after Twenty-Five Years of Operation

1987 ◽  
Vol 19 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 701-710 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. L. Reidy ◽  
G. W. Samson
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Wastewater Disposal ◽  
Industrial Base ◽  
Industrial Wastewaters ◽  
The Past ◽  
Gasification Process ◽  
Appropriate Treatment ◽  
Environmentally Safe ◽  
Coal Resource

A low-cost wastewater disposal system was commissioned in 1959 to treat domestic and industrial wastewaters generated in the Latrobe River valley in the province of Gippsland, within the State of Victoria, Australia (Figure 1). The Latrobe Valley is the centre for large-scale generation of electricity and for the production of pulp and paper. In addition other industries have utilized the brown coal resource of the region e.g. gasification process and char production. Consequently, industrial wastewaters have been dominant in the disposal system for the past twenty-five years. The mixed industrial-domestic wastewaters were to be transported some eighty kilometres to be treated and disposed of by irrigation to land. Several important lessons have been learnt during twenty-five years of operating this system. Firstly the composition of the mixed waste stream has varied significantly with the passage of time and the development of the industrial base in the Valley, so that what was appropriate treatment in 1959 is not necessarily acceptable in 1985. Secondly the magnitude of adverse environmental impacts engendered by this low-cost disposal procedure was not imagined when the proposal was implemented. As a consequence, clean-up procedures which could remedy the adverse effects of twenty-five years of impact are likely to be costly. The question then may be asked - when the total costs including rehabilitation are considered, is there really a low-cost solution for environmentally safe disposal of complex wastewater streams?

scholarly journals An Overview of High-Rise Buildings in Jakarta since 1967 to 2020

2021 ◽  
Vol 933 (1) ◽  
pp. 012001
Author(s):  
M F Effendi ◽  
I F Ridzqo ◽  
S W Dharmatanna
Keyword(s):  
Architectural Design ◽  
Tall Buildings ◽  
Building Design ◽  
Building Construction ◽  
Urban Habitat ◽  
Design Development ◽  
High Rise ◽  
High Rise Building ◽  
Environmentally Safe ◽  
Construction Knowledge

Abstract High-rise buildings in big cities are crucial for business, economic, educational, residential, and entertainment activities in recent times. The technology discoveries in various fields that support high-rise building construction such as structure, mechanical, electrical, and materials have opened up opportunities for comfortable and environmentally safe architectural work. The first milestone of high-rise building construction knowledge in Indonesia was the completion of the thirteen-floors Sarinah retail building in 1967. Indonesia, especially in Jakarta, then experienced rapid growth of high-rise buildings construction. However, there is limited research on the development of high-rise building designs in Indonesia, especially from an architectural design perspective. It leads to the lack of literature on high-rise building design in Indonesia. By utilizing a publicly accessible database from the Council of Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat and recent literature called Designing Tall Building by Mark Sarkisian, this paper explores the design development of high-rise buildings in Jakarta from time to time in the aspects of architecture, structure and sustainability.

FE Analysis and Position Accuracy Estimation of Machining System for Lens of Mobile Devices

2007 ◽  
Vol 364-366 ◽  
pp. 1197-1202
Author(s):  
Seung Yub Baek ◽  
Eun Sang Lee ◽  
Jung Hyung Lee ◽  
Min Jung Shin
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Stress Distribution ◽  
Static Analysis ◽  
Fe Analysis ◽  
Structural Behavior ◽  
Accuracy Estimation ◽  
Aspheric Lens ◽  
Industrial Manufacturing ◽  
Position Accuracy ◽  
Machining System

In order to obtain competitiveness in the field of industrial manufacturing, a reduction in the development period for the batch machining of products is required. It is essential to analyze the stress distribution and deformations of machining system which is used for manufacturing the aspheric lens using FEM software ANSYS. Finite element simulations have been performed in order to study the influence of machining system which was developed in this study on structures. It is very important to understand the structural behavior of machining system. This research investigated the static analysis and dynamic analysis of machining system for aspheric lens to predict the damage due to loading.

scholarly journals Numerical modelling of sandwich panels with a non-continuous soft core

2018 ◽  
Vol 157 ◽  
pp. 06007
Author(s):  
Jolanta Pozorska
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Modelling ◽  
Static Analysis ◽  
Sandwich Panel ◽  
Sandwich Panels ◽  
Soft Core ◽  
Structural Behavior ◽  
Progressive Damage ◽  
Local Instability ◽  
Unilateral Constraints ◽  
The Core

The paper presents the problem of static analysis of sandwich structures with a non-continuous soft core. In the numerical 3D FE models, the core is divided into separated parts. The contact between these parts has the form of unilateral constraints. The model also allows for local debonding of the facing and local imperfections of sandwich panel geometry. Particular attention is paid to the problem of local instability of the facing that is compressed during bending. The phenomenon of progressive damage and the influence of non-continuity of the core on the structural behavior of the sandwich panel is also discussed.

scholarly journals Statistical Soil Characterization of an Underground Corroded Pipeline Using In-Line Inspections

Metals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 292
Author(s):  
Rafael Amaya-Gómez ◽  
Emilio Bastidas-Arteaga ◽  
Felipe Muñoz ◽  
Mauricio Sánchez-Silva
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Multiple Correspondence Analysis ◽  
Defect Depth ◽  
Protective Measures ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Underground Pipelines ◽  
Poorly Drained Soils ◽  
Soil Measurements

Underground pipelines have a space-dependent condition that arises from various soil properties surrounding the pipeline (e.g., moisture content, pH, aeration) and the efficiency of protection measures. Corrosion is one of the main threats for pipelines and is commonly monitored with in-line inspections (ILI) every 2 to 6 years. Preliminary characterizations of the surrounding soil allow pipeline operators to propose adequate protective measures to prevent any loss of containment (LOC) of the fluid being transported. This characterization usually requires detailed soil measurements, which could be unavailable or very costly. This paper implements categorical measurements of soil properties and defect depth measurements obtained from ILI to characterize the soil in the surroundings of a pipeline. This approach implements an independence test, a multiple correspondence analysis, and a clustering method with K-modes. The approach was applied to a real case study, showing that more severe defects are likely located in poorly drained soils with high acidity.

scholarly journals Research of environmentally safe method of wastewater disposal by electrolyzes

2020 ◽  
pp. 102-108
Author(s):  
G.V. Kucherik ◽  
◽  
Yu.A. Omelchuk ◽  
E.V. Zablotskaya ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Disposal ◽  
Safe Method ◽  
Environmentally Safe

scholarly journals Soil Properties for Earthen Building Construction in Najran City, Saudi Arabia

2021 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-140
Author(s):  
Yaser Khaled Al-Sakkaf ◽  
Gamil M. S. Abdullah
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Building Construction

Accumulation of arsenic by various grass species growing in strongly contaminated sites affected by historical As mining and processing

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Karczewska ◽  
Katarzyna Szopka ◽  
Agnieszka Dradrach ◽  
Bernard Gałka
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Soil Treatment ◽  
Pot Experiment ◽  
Contaminated Sites ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Soil Enrichment ◽  
Pot Experiments ◽  
Environmentally Safe ◽  
High Concentrations

<p>Historical ore mining and processing has considerably affected soil properties, causing the changes in local landscapes and soil enrichment in potentially toxic elements. Złoty Stok (formerly: Reichenstein), in SW Poland, was over many decades the largest European centre of arsenic mining and processing. Numerous mine and processing dumps have remained in that area. Waste material was in several sites intentionally spread on the land surface. Moreover, large floodplain areas were flooded by tailings released from disposal impoundments during stormy rains. The soils in all those sites contain high concentrations of arsenic, in extreme cases over 1%, while the permissible soil concentrations, considered environmentally safe, remain in the range 10-100 mg/kg, depending on land usage and soil properties. Remediation should be undertaken in all the sites with higher As concentrations, in order to reduce potential environmental risk and prevent As from entering the food chain. Because of relatively low As solubility and bioavailability, phytostabilization seems to be the best option of remediation. Grasses are particularly suitable for this purpose because of their quick growth, relatively large biomass, efficient coverage of the surface, and thick root systems. Major grass species are known as eliminators of heavy metals, highly resistant to their high concentrations. We examined the suitability of three grass species: <em>Festuca rubra, Agrostis capillaris</em> and <em>Holcus lanatus</em> for phytostabilization of As rich soils. As concentrations in their shoots were examined in the field and in a pot experiment. The latter was performed in order to examine the effects of various soil treatment, including fertilization, on plant growth and As uptake by plants. Soil treatment with manure increased strongly As extractability in soils but did not increase As uptake by grasses. The concentrations of As in plant shoots were in the pot experiment by manifold higher than those in the field. The maximum concentrations of As reported from the field for <em>F. rubra, A. capillaris </em>and <em>H. lanatus</em> were: 51, 9.3 and 62 mg/kg, while the corresponding maximum As concentrations from the pot experiments were: 390, 1020 and 570 mg/kg, respectively. Large differences between the field and pot data indicate that the populations growing in highly contaminated sites have probably developed a specific tolerance to soil As. Its possible mechanisms are discussed. One of the conclusions is that further pot experiments should be carried out with the seed material collected from enriched sites rather than with commercial cultivars. The data from the field indicate that all the three species of grass examined in this study are As excluders and relatively good candidates for phytostabilization of As-rich soils. However, the concentrations of As in the shoots of grasses growing in the most strongly enriched sites exceeded 4 mg/kg, the value set as a safe As content in fodder, posing therefore a risk to potential animal consumers.</p>

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