scholarly journals Gejala Gastrointestinal pada Pasien COVID-19

e-CliniC ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 279
Author(s):  
Kristianty T Silangen ◽  
Bradley J Waleleng ◽  
Frans E. N. Wantania
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Pain ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
Hepatic Function ◽  
Converting Enzyme ◽  
Impaired Liver Function ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 ◽  
Stomach Pain ◽  
Using Data

Abstract: Patients suffering from corona virus desease of 2019 (COVID-19) could have gastro-intestinal symptoms such as diarrhea, vomiting, and stomach pain. Studies show that human receptor for COVID-19 namely the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors are also expressed in small intestinal epithelial cells. This study was aimed to determine the gastrointestinal symptoms often found in patients with COVID-19. This was a literature review study using data-bases of Google Scholar, the keywords were (“Covid” AND “gastrointestinal symptoms”), and filtering data by time 2019-2020. The results obtained 10 literatures that fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The review obtained that viral infection causes changes in intestinal permeability. SARS-CoV was also identified in ileal and terminal colon biopsy. Gastrointestinal symptoms are accompanied by inflammation of the intestines. The highest percentage of gastrointestinal symptoms were anorexia, followed by diarrhea, nausea/vomiting, abdominal pain. Gastrointestinal symptoms could be the first symptoms or even the only symptoms that appeared in Covid-19 patients. Gastrointestinal symptoms were also associated by impaired hepatic function. In conclusion, gastrointestinal symptoms in Covid-19 patients had a relatively high prevalence, and often appeared as anorexia, diarrhea, nausea/vomiting, and abdominal pain. Some of these symptoms were related to the severe course of Covid-19. Impaired liver function also exacerbated these symptoms as well as a marker of a poor clinical course of Covid-19.  Keywords: COVID-19, gastrointestinal symptoms                                                                                            Abstrak: Penderita COVID-19 dapat disertai gejala gastrointestinal seperti diare, muntah, dan sakit perut. Studi menunjukkan bahwa reseptor manusia untuk COVID-19 yaitu reseptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) diekspresikan juga dalam sel epitel usus kecil. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gejala gastrointestinal yang sering ditemukan pada pasien dengan COVID-19. Jenis penelitian ialah literature review yang menggunakan database Google Cendekia, dan kata kunci (“Covid” DAN “gejala gastrointestinal”) dengan filter rentang waktu tahun 2019-2020 Hasil penelitian mendapatkan 10 literatur yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi penelitian. Kajian mendapatkan infeksi virus menyebabkan perubahan permeabilitas usus. SARS-CoV juga diidentifikasi pada biopsi ileum dan kolon terminal. Masalah usus dikaitkan dengan tingkat keparahan infeksi. Gejala gastrointestinal disertai dengan peradangan atau kerusakan usus. Beberapa penelitian menunjukkan persentase gejala gastrointestinal tertinggi ialah anoreksia, diikuti diare, mual/muntah, dan terakhir nyeri perut. Juga disebutkan bahwa gejala gastrointestinal dapat merupakan yang pertama muncul atau bahkan satu-satunya gejala pada pasien Covid-19. Gejala gastrointestinal juga dikaitkan dengan gangguan fungsi hati. Simpulan penelitian ini ialah gejala gastrointestinal pada pasien Covid-19 memiliki prevalensi yang relatif tinggi dan sering berupa anoreksia, diare, mual/muntah, dan nyeri perut. Beberapa gejala tersebut berhubungan dengan perjalanan Covid-19 yang berat. Gangguan fungsi hati juga turut memper-berat gejala tersebut sekaligus menjadi penanda perjalanan klinis yang buruk dari Covid-19.Kata kunci:  COVID-19, gejala gastrointestinal

scholarly journals Gastrointestinal and kidney manifestations in SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 infections: role of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-20
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Maghool ◽  
◽  
Mohammad Hassan Emami ◽  
Samaneh Mohammadzadeh ◽  
Aida Heidari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
Renin Angiotensin System ◽  
Structural Similarity ◽  
Clinical Feature ◽  
Converting Enzyme ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 ◽  
Kidney Impairment

The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) in 2020, which has a substantial structural similarity to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) that caused the outbreak in 2003, is currently a threat to global health. Lung involvement is the principal clinical feature in infected patients but extra-pulmonary clinical presentations are also common. The reasons for the extensive involvement of other organs are not yet clear. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), the key peptide of renin–angiotensin system (RAS), has recently identified as a major receptor for the both SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 that might be a main target of coronavirus infection. ACE2 is mainly expressed in the pulmonary pneumocytes, the small intestine enterocytes as well as the proximal tubule epithelial cells of the kidneys. In addition to the respiratory tract infection symptoms, the noticeable prevalence of gastrointestinal symptoms as well as kidney impairment in hospitalized infected patients highlights other routes of infection/transmission. In present review, we discussed the role of RAS with emphasis on ACE2 in the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2, particularly in gastrointestinal and kidney manifestations of the diseases.

scholarly journals ACE2--Molecular speculations on abdominal symptoms after COVID-19 infection

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xianqiang Yu
Keyword(s):  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme ◽  
Viral Infection ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
Converting Enzyme ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 ◽  
Abdominal Symptoms ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Organ Infection

There is growing evidence that the clinical manifestations of COVID-19 are not just respiratory, but also gastrointestinal symptoms. The difference of organ infection should be considered. In addition, as a key molecule mediating viral infection of cells, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) provides an important intervention means for the exploration of antivirus. This is particularly important as the pandemic intensifies.

Thermodynamics of the interaction between the spike protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome- coronavirus-2 and the receptor of human angiotensin converting enzyme 2. Effects of possible ligands

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Garcia-Iriepa ◽  
Cecilia Hognon ◽  
Antonio Francés-Monerris ◽  
Isabel Iriepa ◽  
Tom Miclot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Molecular Design ◽  
Binding Free Energy ◽  
Transmembrane Protein ◽  
Spike Protein ◽  
Converting Enzyme ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 ◽  
Rational Molecular Design ◽  
Rational Evaluation

<div><p>Since the end of 2019, the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 has caused more than 180,000 deaths all over the world, still lacking a medical treatment despite the concerns of the whole scientific community. Human Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) was recently recognized as the transmembrane protein serving as SARS-CoV-2 entry point into cells, thus constituting the first biomolecular event leading to COVID-19 disease. Here, by means of a state-of-the-art computational approach, we propose a rational evaluation of the molecular mechanisms behind the formation of the complex and of the effects of possible ligands. Moreover, binding free energy between ACE2 and the active Receptor Binding Domain (RBD) of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein is evaluated quantitatively, assessing the molecular mechanisms at the basis of the recognition and the ligand-induced decreased affinity. These results boost the knowledge on the molecular grounds of the SARS-CoV-2 infection and allow to suggest rationales useful for the subsequent rational molecular design to treat severe COVID-19 cases.</p></div>

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