PENGGUNAAN BAHAN TUMPATAN DI RUMAH SAKIT GIGI DAN MULUT PSPDG FAKULTAS KEDOKTERAN UNSRAT PADA TAHUN 2014

Abstract: Resin composite has been known since the sixtieth generation and generally it is known as the dentists’ cosmetic restorative material. Amalgam is the oldest restorative material and it is famous due to its mechanical strength, endurance, and less expensive. Glass ionomer cement is an isochromatic tooth dentifrice; its main component is liquid consisted of water and polyacid, and a kind of fluoroaluminosilicate glass powder. This study aimed to obtain the profile of patients using dental restorative composite at the RSGM Manado in 2014. This was a descriptive retrospective study. There were 400 dental samples from the medical record categorized according to gender, age, kinds of treatment, and occupation. The results showed that dental treatment with filling was most frequent among females (65%) compared to males (35%). Most of the subjects (70%) were 21-30 years old. Moreover, most of the subjects (62.5%) used amalgam as the restorative material.Keywords: restorative material, composite resin, amalgam, GICAbstrak: Resin komposit ialah tumpatan pada generasi ke 60-an, dan secara umum dikenal sebagai bahan tumpatan kosmetik dentis. Amalgam merupakan bahan restorasi tertua dan cukup terkenal di masyarakat luas oleh karena kekuatan, daya tahan, dan harganya yang relatif murah. Glass Ionomer Cement ialah bahan tambal sewarna gigi yang komponen utamanya terdiri dari likuid yang merupakan gabungan air dengan polyacid (Asam poliakrilat, maleat, itakonat, tartarat) dan bubuk berupa fluoroaluminosilicate glass. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran pasien yang menggunakan tumpatan gigi di RSGM Unsrat pada tahun 2014. Jenis penelitian ini deskriptif retrospektif. Jumlah data penelitian yang didapat yaitu 400 sampel data dental dari rekam medik dan dikategorikan sesuai jenis kelamin, usia, jenis perawatan dan pekerjaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perawatan dengan bahan tumpatan lebih sering dilakukan oleh pasien berjenis kelamin perempuan (65%) dibandingkan laki-laki (35%). Distribusi subyek terbanyak pada usia 21-30 tahun (70%). Sebagian besar (62,5%) menggunakan bahan tumpatan amalgam.Kata kunci: tumpatan, resin komposit, amalgam, GIC

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Marginal Leakage of Endodontic Temporary Restorative Materials around Access Cavities Prepared with Pre-Endodontic Composite Build-Up: An In Vitro Study

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma13071700 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (7) ◽

pp. 1700

Author(s):

Atsushi Kameyama ◽

Aoi Saito ◽

Akiko Haruyama ◽

Tomoaki Komada ◽

Setsuko Sugiyama ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Zinc Oxide ◽

Resin Composite ◽

Glass Ionomer Cement ◽

In Vitro Study ◽

Restorative Material ◽

Glass Ionomer ◽

Zinc Oxide Eugenol ◽

Restorative Materials ◽

Ionomer Cement

This study aimed to examine the marginal seal between various commercial temporary restorative materials and exposed dentin/built-up composite. Sixty bovine incisors were cut above the cemento-enamel junction, and half of the dentin was removed to form a step, which was built up using flowable resin composite. The root canals were irrigated, filled with calcium hydroxide, and sealed using one of six temporary sealing materials (hydraulic temporary restorative material, temporary stopping material, zinc oxide eugenol cement, glass-ionomer cement, auto-cured resin-based temporary restorative material, and light-cured resin-based temporary restorative material) (n = 10 for each material). The samples were thermocycled 500 times and immersed in an aqueous solution of methylene blue. After 2 days, they were cut along the long axis of the tooth and the depth of dye penetration was measured at the dentin side and the built-up composite side. For the margins of the pre-endodontic resin composite build-up, the two resin-based temporary restorative materials showed excellent sealing. Hydraulic temporary restorative material had a moderate sealing effect, but the sealing effect of both zinc oxide eugenol cement and glass-ionomer cement was poorer.

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Gambaran tumpatan glass ionomer cement pada mahasiswa akademi keperawatan rumah sakit tingkat III Robert wolter monginsidi

e-GIGI ◽

10.35790/eg.1.2.2013.3229 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Rudy Hakim

Keyword(s):

Glass Ionomer Cement ◽

The Body ◽

Restorative Material ◽

Glass Ionomer ◽

Tooth Structure ◽

Materials Used ◽

Dental Cavities ◽

Dental Restorative ◽

Ionomer Cement ◽

Selection Of

Kesehatan gigi dan mulut merupakan salah satu faktor penting dalam mencegah timbulnya penyakit di dalam tubuh. Salah satu masalah kesehatan gigi dan mulut yaitu karies. Salah satu cara penanggulangan karies adalah dengan membuang jaringan karies dan menumpatnya dengan bahan restorasi. Bahan restorasi berfungsi untuk memperbaiki dan merestorasi struktur gigi yang rusak. Saat ini pasien dan dokter gigi mempunyai banyak pilihan yang bervariasi dalam memilih material dan prosedur untuk merestorasi gigi yang berlubang akibat karies. Material-material restorasi yang digunakan yaitu amalgam, komposit dan glass ionomer kaca.Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif. Penelitian dilakukan di AKPER Rumkit TK. III TNI-AD R. W Monginsidi Manado. Populasi pada penelitian ini yaitu seluruh mahasiswa AKPER Rumkit TK. III TNI-AD R. W Monginsidi Manado yang berjumlah 315 mahasiswa. Sampel penelitian yaitu mahasiswa yang menggunakan tumpatan GIC dengan total populasi yang berjumlah 83 mahasiswa.Hasil pemeriksaan menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan tumpatan GIC pada mahasiswa AKPER yang paling banyak yaitu wanita dengan alasan pemilihan bahan tumpatan sesuai anjuran dokter gigi. Sebagian besar tumpatan GIC yang mengalami ketidakutuhan berusia 1 sampai 6 bulan karena dipakai mengunyah makanan keras yang di tumpat kurang dari 24 jam.Kata kunci: Karies, tumpatan, glass ionomer kaca.ABSTRACTOral health is an important factor in preventing the onset of disease in the body. One of the problems of oral health is caries. One way to resolve this problem is by removing the caries prevention of caries and restore the tissue with restorative material. Restorative materials and restoration works to improve the damaged tooth structure. Currently, the patient and the dentist have a lot of options that vary in selecting materials and procedures for the restoration of dental cavities caused by caries. Restoration materials used are amalgam, composite and glass ionomer cement. This is a descriptive study. This study was conducted in the Army Nursing Academy Hospital TK.III R. W Monginsidi Manado. The population in this study is all the students of Army Nursing Academy Hospital TK.III R. W Monginsidi Manado, amounting to 315 students. Sample of this study is students who use dental restorative material GIC with a total population of 83 students. The highest number of sample wuth dental restorative material GIC in Nursing Academy students is women with the reasons of selection of materials as recommended by dentist. Most of which have damage of GIC 1 to 6 months old that used in chewing hard foods that are less than 24 hours.Keyword: Caries, dental restorative material, Glass ionomer Cement.

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Gambaran Penggunaan Resin Komposit dan Semen Ionomer Kaca Sebagai Bahan Restorasi di Poli Gigi Rumah Sakit Gunung Maria Tomohon Tahun 2012

e-GIGI ◽

10.35790/eg.1.2.2013.3215 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Michael Sumolang

Keyword(s):

Composite Resin ◽

Resin Composite ◽

Glass Ionomer Cement ◽

Glass Ionomer ◽

Dental Resin ◽

Anterior Teeth ◽

Restorative Materials ◽

Composite Resin Restorations ◽

Ionomer Cement ◽

Resin Restorations

Gigi yang terserang kariesdapatdirawatdenganmenggunakanbahanrestorasi. Resin komposit dan semen ionomer kacamerupakanbahanyangdigunakanuntukperawatanrestorasi di poli gigi RS Gunung Maria Tomohon.Tujuanpenelitianiniuntukmengetahuigambaranpenggunaanbahanrestorasi resin kompositdan semen ionomerkaca di poligigi RSGunung Maria Tomohontahun 2012. Penelitianinimerupakanpenelitiandeskrpitif, data diambildarirekammedispasienrestorasidenganmetodetotal sampling.Data yang didapatyaitujumlah rekammedis pasien restorasi pada tahun 2012 sebanyak 268 danjumlahgigi yang direstorasisebanyak 387.Gigi yang direstorasimenggunakanbahan resin kompositsebanyak 207 gigi, sedangkangigi yang direstorasimenggunakan semen ionomerkacasebanyak 180 gigi.Hasilpenelitianinidibagiberdasarkanusia, jeniskelamin, elemengigidandiagnosa. Hasilpenelitianmenunjukankategoriusiadewasalebihseringmelakukanperawatanretorasi resin komposit dengan 145 gigi (70%) dan semen ionomerkaca dengan 106 gigi (58,8%) yang direstorasi, pasienperempuanlebihseringmelakukanperawatanrestorasiresin komposit dengan 117 (59,4%) dan semen ionomerkaca dengan 101 (56%) gigi yang direstorasi. Gigi bagian anterior seringdirestorasidengan menggunakan resin komposit dan gigibagian posterior seringdirestorasimenggunakan semen ionomerkaca.Hiperemiapulpamerupakanpenyakit yang paling didiagnosadan paling seringmendapatkanperawatanrestorasi resin komposit dengan 179 kasus (86%)dan semen ionomerkaca 157 kasus (87,3%).Kata Kunci:bahan restorasi, resin komposit, semen ionomerkacaABSTRACT Dental caries infected can be treated with restorative materials. Resin composites and glass ionomer cement is a material used for dental restorative treatment on poly Hospital Gunung Maria Tomohon. The purpose of this study to describe the use of composite resin restorations and glass ionomer cement in the teeth poly Hospital Gunung Maria Tomohon in 2012. This research is deskrpitif , data extracted from medical records of patients with restoration of total sampling.Data method obtained the restoration of the patient's medical record number in 2012 as many as 268 and the number of restored teeth as much as 387. Restored teeth using composite resin materials as much as 207 teeth, whereas the teeth restored with glass ionomer cement as many as 180 teeth. The results are divided based on age, sex, dental and diagnostic elements. The results showed the adult age category more often retorasi care dental resin composite with 145 (70 %) and glass ionomer cement with 106 teeth (58,8 %) were restored, female patients were more frequent maintenance of composite resin restorations with 117 (59,4 %) and glass ionomer cement with 101(56 %) restored teeth. Anterior teeth are restored using gigibagian posterior composite resin and glass ionomer cement seringdirestorasimenggunakan. Pulp hyperemia is the most diagnosed diseases and most often get care composite resin restorations with 179 cases (86 %) and glass ionomer cement 157 cases (87,3%). Keywords : restorative materials, composite resin, glass ionomer cement

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Effect of alcohol containing and alcohol free mouth rinses on microhardness of three esthetic restorative materials

CODS Journal of Dentistry ◽

10.5005/cods-6-1-5 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 5-8

Author(s):

Vasundhara Shivanna ◽

Rucha Nilegaonkar

Keyword(s):

Resin Composite ◽

Glass Ionomer Cement ◽

Mouth Rinse ◽

Restorative Material ◽

Glass Ionomer ◽

Mouth Rinses ◽

Restorative Materials ◽

And Control ◽

Ionomer Cement ◽

Daily Application

Abstract Introduction Daily application of mouth rinses has been recommended for the prevention and control of caries and periodontal disease. Aims & Objectives The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of alcohol-containing and alcohol-free mouth rinses on the microhardness of three restorative materials – resin composite (Filtek Z350XT), light cure glass ionomer cement (Vitremer) and conventional restorative glass ionomer cement (GC Fuji II). Methods Twenty samples of each restorative material were fabricated and their microhardness values were checked at 100g load and 15 seconds dwell time. Ten samples of each restorative material were stored in alcohol containing mouth rinse (Listerine) and ten samples each were stored in alcohol free mouth rinse (Hiora) for 12 hours. At the end of the test period microhardness was measured with a Vickers microhardness tester. Results Alcohol containing mouth rinses reduced the microhardness values of composite and light cure glass ionomer significantly more than alcohol free mouth rinses. Reduction in the microhardness value of conventional restorative glass ionomer cement was similar for both alcohol containing and alcohol free mouth rinses. Conclusion Both mouth rinses showed reduction in microhardness values of all three restorative materials, with more reduction caused due to alcohol containing mouth rinses in composite and light cure glass ionomer. How to cite this article Vasundhara S, Rucha N. Effect of alcohol containing and alcohol free mouth rinses on microhardness of three esthetic restorative materials. CODS J Dent 2014;6;5-8

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Impact of the Porosity from Incremental and Bulk Resin Composite Filling Techniques on the Biomechanical Performance of Root-Treated Molars

Operative Dentistry ◽

10.2341/19-297-l ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

RAS Pereira ◽

PBF Soares ◽

AA Bicalho ◽

LM Barcelos ◽

LRS Oliveira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fracture Mode ◽

Fracture Resistance ◽

Composite Resin ◽

Resin Composite ◽

Glass Ionomer Cement ◽

High Viscosity ◽

Composite Resins ◽

Glass Ionomer ◽

Pulp Chamber ◽

Ionomer Cement

SUMMARY Objectives: To analyze the effect of the porosity caused by incremental and bulk resin composite filling techniques using low- and high-viscosity composite resins on the biomechanical performance of root-treated molars. Methods: Forty intact molars received standardized mesio-occlusal-distal (MOD) cavity preparation, were root treated, and randomly divided into four groups with different filling techniques (n=10). The first involved two incremental filling techniques using VIT/Z350XT, a nanofilled composite resin (Filtek Z350XT, 3M ESPE) associated with a resinmodified glass ionomer cement, and resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC; Vitremer, 3M ESPE) for filling the pulp chamber. The second involved TPH/VIT, a microhybrid composite resin TPH3 Spectrum associated with Vitremer. The third and fourth involved two bulk-fill composite resins: SDR/TPH, a low-viscosity resin composite (Surefill SDR flow, Dentsply) associated with TPH3 Spectrum, and POST, a high-viscosity bulkfill resin composite (Filtek Bulk Fill Posterior, 3M ESPE). The volume of the porosity inside the restoration was calculated by micro-CT. The cusp deformation caused by polymerization shrinkage was calculated using the strain-gauge and micro-CT methods. The cusp deformation was also calculated during 100 N occlusal loading and loading to fracture. The fracture resistance and fracture mode were recorded. Data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance and Tukey test. The fracture mode was analyzed by the χ2 test. The volume of the porosity was correlated with the cusp deformation, fracture resistance, and fracture mode (α=0.05). Results: Incremental filling techniques associated with RMGIC resulted in a significantly higher porosity than that of both bulk-fill techniques. However, no significant difference was found among the groups for the fracture resistance, fracture mode, and cusp deformation, regardless of the measurement time and method used. No correlation was observed between the volume of the porosity and all tested parameters. Conclusions: The porosity of the restorations had no influence on the cuspal deformation, fracture resistance, or fracture mode. The use of the RMGIC for filling the pulp chamber associated with incremental composite resins resulted in similar biomechanical performance to that of the flowable or regular paste bulk-fill composite resin restorations of root-treated molars.

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Evaluating the Failure of Resin-based Materials on the Proximal Cervical Dentin

The Open Dentistry Journal ◽

10.2174/1874210602014010631 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 631-640

Author(s):

Sukamon Kochotwuttinont ◽

Kornchanok Wayakanon

Keyword(s):

Resin Composite ◽

Glass Ionomer Cement ◽

High Viscosity ◽

The Other ◽

Restorative Material ◽

Glass Ionomer ◽

Hybrid Layer ◽

Resin Modified Glass Ionomer ◽

Gap Width ◽

Ionomer Cement

Background: Resin-based materials are the popular restorative material in dentistry. The majority of these materials are light cured with a major disadvantage: marginal leakage. Objective: To evaluate the gap width of different resin-based materials at the cervical dentin when achieved mechanical force. Methods: Class II cavities were prepared on extracted premolar teeth with the gingival margin 1 mm below the Cementoenamel Junction (CEJ). In the first three experimental groups, three different lining materials (flowable resin composite, bulk-fill flowable resin composite, and resin-modified glass ionomer cement) were placed at the cervical dentin with a thickness of 1 mm. The rest of the cavities were restored with conventional resin composite. The other two groups were restored with conventional resin composite (control) or high viscosity bulk-fill resin composite, respectively. All groups were thermocycled and underwent vacuum pressure 2.6 KPa for 30 min in a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Results: There was no gap formation at the cervical dentin on the external surface when restored with high-viscosity bulk fill resin composite. Almost all gaps occurred at the interface between restorative materials and the hybrid layer. The flowable bulk fill resin composite showed a significantly smaller gap width on both the external and internal surfaces compared to the other groups (p< 0.05). The resin-modified glass ionomer cement showed the largest gaps in the cervical dentin (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The different types of resin-based materials demonstrated a different failure of gap width under mechanical force. It clearly occurred at the restorative material-hybrid layer interface.

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PROPERTIES OF COMPOSITE RESIN ALKASIT AND ZIRCONIA-REINFORCED GLASS-IONOMER CEMENT IN DIFFERENT STORAGE

ODONTO Dental Journal ◽

10.30659/odj.7.1.40-47 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 40

Author(s):

Clarinda Vinindya ◽

Cynthia Pratiwi ◽

Yosi Kusuma Eriwati ◽

Siti Triaminingsih ◽

Decky J Indrani

Keyword(s):

Vickers Microhardness ◽

Composite Resin ◽

Resin Composite ◽

Testing Machine ◽

Glass Ionomer Cement ◽

Storage Conditions ◽

Glass Ionomer ◽

Surface Microhardness ◽

Ionomer Cement ◽

Microhardness Tester

Background: The temperature and salivary pH in a person's mouth are highly dynamic (e.g., before, during, and after eating) and so restorations in a cavity must be resilient to these variable conditions. Temperature and immersion conditions affect the mechanical properties of a restoration. This study aimed to determine the effect of environmental conditions on diametral tensile strength (DTS) and surface microhardness of a resin composite with alkaline fillers or zirconia–reinforced glass ionomer cement (Zr-reinforced GIC). Method: Thirty specimens of a resin composite with alkaline fillers (Cention-N, Ivoclar-Vivadent, Lichtenstein) and 30 specimens with zirconia-reinforced GIC (Zirconomer, Shofu, Japan) were stored at different conditions (23°C and 37°C; with and without immersion in water) for 24 hours. DTS was tested with a Universal Testing Machine (AGS-X series, Shimadzu, Japan) and surface microhardness was tested with a Vickers Microhardness tester (HMV-G Series Micro Vickers Microhardness Tester, Shimadzu, Japan). Data were analyzed statistically using a one-way ANOVA test (and Shapiro-Wilk test. Result: The values of microhardness and DTS increased significantly both for the composite resin alkasite and zirconia-reinforced GIC with increasing temperature in the groups without immersion. However, there was a significant decrease in microhardness and DTS after immersion in distilled water at 37°C for both the composite resin alkasite and zirconia-reinforced GIC. Conclusion: It can be concluded that storage conditions affect the microhardness and DTS of resin composite Alkasite and Zirconia-reinforced GIC

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Effects of ionizing radiation on surface properties of current restorative dental materials

Journal of Materials Science Materials in Medicine ◽

10.1007/s10856-021-06543-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 32 (6) ◽

Author(s):

Débora Michelle Gonçalves de Amorim ◽

Aretha Heitor Veríssimo ◽

Anne Kaline Claudino Ribeiro ◽

Rodrigo Othávio de Assunção e Souza ◽

Isauremi Vieira de Assunção ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ionizing Radiation ◽

Surface Properties ◽

Resin Composite ◽

Dental Materials ◽

Glass Ionomer Cement ◽

Contact Angles ◽

Glass Ionomer ◽

Post Radiation ◽

Restorative Dental Materials ◽

Ionomer Cement

AbstractTo investigate the impact of radiotherapy on surface properties of restorative dental materials. A conventional resin composite—CRC (Aura Enamel), a bulk-fill resin composite—BFRC (Aura Bulk-fill), a conventional glass ionomer cement—CGIC (Riva self cure), and a resin-modified glass ionomer cement—RMGIC (Riva light cure) were tested. Forty disc-shaped samples from each material (8 mm diameter × 2 mm thickness) (n = 10) were produced according to manufacturer directions and then stored in water distilled for 24 h. Surface wettability (water contact angle), Vickers microhardness, and micromorphology through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) before and after exposition to ionizing radiation (60 Gy) were obtained. The data were statistically evaluated using the two-way ANOVA and Tukey posthoc test (p < 0.05). Baseline and post-radiation values of contact angles were statistically similar for CRC, BFRC, and RMGIC, whilst post-radiation values of contact angles were statistically lower than baseline ones for CGIC. Exposition to ionizing radiation statistically increased the microhardness of CRC, and statistically decreased the microhardness of CGIC. The surface micromorphology of all materials was changed post-radiation. Exposure to ionizing radiation negatively affected the conventional glass ionomer tested, while did not alter or improved surface properties testing of the resin composites and the resin-modified glass ionomer cement tested.

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To Evaluate Shear Bond Strength of Resin Composite to Theracal Lc, Biodentine, and Resin–Modified Glass Ionomer Cement and Mode of Fracture: An In Vitro Study

Dental Journal of Advance Studies ◽

10.1055/s-0040-1712052 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (02) ◽

pp. 49-54

Author(s):

Salil Mehra ◽

Ashu K. Gupta ◽

Bhanu Pratap Singh ◽

Mandeep Kaur ◽

Ashwath Kumar

Keyword(s):

Statistical Analysis ◽

Bond Strength ◽

Shear Bond Strength ◽

Resin Composite ◽

Glass Ionomer Cement ◽

Bonding Agent ◽

Glass Ionomer ◽

Universal Adhesive ◽

Resin Modified Glass Ionomer ◽

Ionomer Cement

Abstract Introduction The aim of the current study was to evaluate shear bond strength of resin composite bonded to Theracal LC, Biodentine, and resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC) using universal adhesive and mode of fracture. Materials and Methods A total of 50 caries-free maxillary and mandibular molars extracted were taken; occlusal cavities were prepared, mounted in acrylic blocks, and divided into five groups based on the liner used. Group 1: Biodentine liner placed into the cavity and bonding agent and resin composite applied after 12 minutes. Group 2: Biodentine liner placed into the cavity and bonding agent and resin composite applied after 14 days. Group 3: RMGIC liner placed into the cavity and bonding agent and resin composite applied immediately. Group 4: RMGIC liner placed into the cavity and bonding agent and resin composite applied after 7 days. Group 5: Theracal LC liner placed into the cavity and bonding agent and resin composite applied immediately. Each sample was bonded to resin composite using universal adhesive. Shear bond strength analysis was performed at a cross-head speed of 0.1 mm/min. Statistical Analysis Statistical analysis was performed with one-way analysis of variance and posthoc Bonferroni test using SPSS version 22.0. Results and Conclusion Biodentine liner when bonded immediately to resin composite showed minimum shear bond strength. RMGIC when bonded to resin composite after 7 days showed maximum shear bond strength. Mode of fracture was predominantly cohesive in groups having Biodentine and Theracal LC as liner.

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Advances in glass-ionomer cements

Journal of Applied Oral Science ◽

10.1590/s1678-77572006000700002 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 14 (spe) ◽

pp. 3-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 38

Author(s):

Carel Leon Davidson

Keyword(s):

Glass Ionomer Cement ◽

Minimal Invasive ◽

Composite Resins ◽

Restorative Material ◽

Glass Ionomer Cements ◽

Glass Ionomer ◽

Tooth Structure ◽

Ionomer Cement

This article describes the properties, advances and shortcomings of glass-ionomer cement as a restorative material. The adhesion of glass-ionomer to tooth structure is less technique sensitive than composite resins and its quality increases with time. Therefore glass-ionomer might turn out to the more reliable restorative material in minimal invasive dentistry based on adhesive techniques.

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