scholarly journals Living coral cover and genera diversity of coral Scleractinia in eastern coastal of Minahasa Regency, North Sulawesi

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 45
Author(s):  
Ivone F Pakasi ◽  
Lawrence J.L Lumingas ◽  
Rene Ch Kepel ◽  
Arie B Rondonuwu
Keyword(s):  
Coral Reefs ◽  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Coral Cover ◽  
Shannon Index ◽  
Eastern Coast ◽  
Live Coral ◽  
North Sulawesi ◽  
M 10 ◽  
Live Coral Cover ◽  
Line Intercept

Title (Bahasa Indonesia): Tutupan karang hidup dan keanekaragaman genera karang Scleractinia di Pantai Timur Kabupaten Minahasa, Sulawesi Utara The coastal waters east of Minahasa Regency of North Sulawesi Province is one of the areas of water that have the potential to be used as Marine Protected Areas. This study provides information on the condition of coral reefs on the eastern coast of Minahasa Regency, especially in Kamenti and in Toloun. Sampling withSCUBA was conducted using lifeform categories and transects in the form of a 50 m measuring tape with 'Line Intercept Transect' techniqueat thedepthsof 5 m, 10 m and 15 m. The condition of coral reefs in the eastern coastal waters of Minahasa Regency is generally 'good'. The percentage of coral cover in Kamenti was categorized'good', while in the waters Toloun are in a state of 'average'. Genera richness on both sites can be quite high, intotal there are44 genera with 35 genera in Kamenti and 38 genera in Toloun. Kamenti station with the depth of 15 m hasthe highest conservation value because in addition to having the highest number of genera (32 genera), it has also the highest Shannon index (3.35), the highest genera richness index (8.29), the highest genera evenness index (0, 97) and the lowest dominance index (0.12). There is no apparent correlation between the percentage of live coral cover with the number of genera or the Shannon index. But the high percentage of live coral cover is not always identical with the high genera richness; the maximum genera richness is at the intermediatecover level.Perairan pantai sebelah timur Kabupaten Minahasa Provinsi Sulawesi Utara merupakan salah satu kawasan perairan yang berpotensi untuk dijadikan Kawasan Konservasi Perairan. Penelitian ini memberikan informasi tentang kondisi terumbu karang di pantai timur Kabupaten Minahasa khususnya di Kamenti dan di Toloun. Sampling dengan menggunakan SCUBA dilakukan dengan metode kategori lifeformdan menggunakan transek berupa pita meteran sepanjang 50 m dengan teknik ‘Line Intercept Transect‘  pada kedalaman 5 m, 10 m dan 15 m. Kondisi terumbu karang di perairan pantai timur Kabupaten Minahasa umumnya ‘baik’. Persentase tutupan karang batu di Kamenti berada pada kategori ‘baik’ sedangkan di perairan Toloun berada pada kondisi ‘sedang’. Kekayaan genera pada kedua lokasi penelitian dapat dikatakan cukup tinggi yakni secara total terdapat 44 genera dengan masing-masing 35 genera di Kamenti dan 38 genera di Toloun. Stasiun Kamenti kedalaman 15 m adalah yang paling tinggi nilai konservasinya karena selain memiliki jumlah genera terbanyak (32 genera), juga memiliki indeks Shannon tertinggi (3,35), indeks kekayaan genera tertinggi (8,29), indeks kemerataan genera tertinggi (0,97) dan indeks dominasi terendah (0,12). Tidak terdapat hubungan yang nyata antara persentase tutupan karang hidup dengan jumlah genera atau indeks Shannon. Tetapi persentase tutupan karang hidup yang tinggi tidak selalu indentik dengan tingginya kekayaan genera; kekayaan genera maksimun berada pada tingkat tutupan menengah.

scholarly journals Coral Reef Conditions of Hogow and Dakokayu Islands Southeast Minahasa Regency

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 186
Author(s):  
Billy N. Ompi ◽  
Unstain N.W.J. Rembet ◽  
Ari B. Rondonuwu
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Coral Reef ◽  
Coral Reefs ◽  
Coral Cover ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Line Transect ◽  
Live Coral ◽  
Live Coral Cover ◽  
Coral Reef Ecosystems ◽  
Line Intercept

This research objective was to determine the condition of Coral Reef ecosystems in Dakokayu and Hogow Islands, Southeast Minahasa Regency. The method that has been used in this studies that is Line Intercept Transect (LIT) by diving activities at 5 meter and 10 meters depth with 50 meters transect length. Each biota passed by the line transect recorded according based on shape of growth.Coral Reefs conditon in Hogow Island in 5 meters and 10 meters depth were categorized as a “Good” where the percentage of live coral cover in 5 meters depth is 70.12% and in 10 meters depth  is 55.78%. The condition of Coral Reefs on Dokokayu Island at a depth of 5 meters is categorized “Good” with the percentage of live coral cover is 56.32% while in the 10 meters depth it is categorized as “Medium” with the percentage of live coral cover is 48.10%. Water quality parameters such as temperature, salinity, brightness, pH, and dissolved oxygen (DO) are within the range of tolerance for Coral Reefs to survive.Keywords: Condition, Coral Reef, Hogow, DokokayuABSTRAKTujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui kondisi ekosistem terumbu karang di Pulau Dakokayu dan Pulau Hogow, Kabupaten Minahasa Tenggara.  Metode yang telah digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu Line Intercept Transek (LIT) dengan melakukan penyelaman pada kedalaman 5 dan 10 meter dengan panjang transek 50 meter.  Setiap biota yang dilewati transek akan dicatat menurut bentuk pertumbuhannya. Secara umum, kondisi terumbu karang di Pulau Hogow pada kedalaman 5 meter dan 10 meter, dikategorikan Baik dimana persentasi tutupan karang hidup pada kedalaman 5 meter sebesar 70,12% dan pada kedalaman 10 meter sebesar 55,78%.  Kondisi terumbu karang di Pulau Dokokayu pada kedalaman 5 meter dikategorikan Baik  dengan persentase tutupan karang hidup 56,32% sedangkan di kedalaman 10 meter dikategorikan  Sedang  dengan persentase tutupan karang hidup 48,10 %. Parameter kualitas perairan seperti suhu, salinitas, kecerahan, pH, dan oksigen terlarut (DO) berada dalam kisaran toleransi bagi terumbu karang untuk dapat bertahan hidup.Kata Kunci : Kondisi, Terumbu Karang, Hogow, Dokokayu

scholarly journals INVENTARIZATION OF CORAL REEFS IN THE WATERS OF RAKATA ISLAND, KRAKATAU ISLANDS

AQUASAINS ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 775
Author(s):  
M Husien Ferdiansyah ◽  
Endang Linirin Widiastuti ◽  
Teguh Ismail ◽  
Gregorius Nugroho Susanto
Keyword(s):  
Coral Reef ◽  
Coral Reefs ◽  
Volcanic Activity ◽  
Nature Reserve ◽  
Coral Cover ◽  
Marine Reserve ◽  
Live Coral ◽  
Living Coral ◽  
Live Coral Cover ◽  
Line Intercept

Abstrak Indonesia is an ideal place for coral growth because of the tropical climate. Rakata Island is included in the Krakatau Islands Nature Reserve and Marine Reserve area which is influenced by the volcanic activity of son of Krakatau Archipelago and human activities. Both of these activities will affect the growth of coral reefs. The purpose of this study was to determine the current condition of coral reefs and the diversity of living coral forms on Rakata Island. Collecting data for analysis of coral reef cover using the Line Intercept Transect (LIT) method was parallel to the coastline of Rakata Island at two points. The percentage of live coral cover from points I and II at a depth of 5 meters was 50.69% and 33.80% classified as in good and moderate conditions respectively. While the percentage of live coral cover at a depth of 10 meters at points I and II were 41.90 % and 16.01% whice were in moderate and poor conditions. The coral reefs mostly found in point I were leaf corals (CF) namely Turbinaria reniformis and Turbinaria frondens, while in point II were massive corals (CM) were found i.e. Goniastrea edwardsi, Favia pallida, Montastrea valenciennesi, Favites abdita, Astreopora listeria, and Favites complanata.

Coral reef condition in several dive points around Bunaken Island, North Sulawesi

2014 ◽  
pp. 44
Author(s):  
Robert Towoliu
Keyword(s):  
Coral Reef ◽  
Coral Cover ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Good Condition ◽  
Live Coral ◽  
Core Zone ◽  
Integrated Management System ◽  
North Sulawesi ◽  
Live Coral Cover ◽  
Reef Condition

In order to know the coral reef conditions at several diving points around Bunaken Island, three dive locations (Ron’s point, Lekuan, and Tawara) were chosen as representative locations receiving pressures from snorkeling and SCUBA diving activities, while  core zone was representative of location for  no diving and fishing activities.  Results showed that location with diving activities had live coral cover  ranging from 16.89% to 45.78% at 3 and 10m depths, with condition range of bad to moderate, while the location for no diving and fishing activities (core zone) had live coral cover of 55.03% at 3m and 58.15% at 10m, respectively,  with good condition category.  The present study indicated that the diving activities have affected the coral reef condition, so that a sustainable integrated management system is needed to use the marine ecotourism potency without degrading the coral reef condition in Bunaken Island. Untuk mengetahui kondisi terumbu karang di beberapa lokasi penyelaman di Pulau Bunaken, tiga lokasi penyelaman(Ron’s point, Lekuan, dan Tawara) dipilih mewakili lokasi dengan tekanan aktivitas penyelaman snorkeling maupun SCUBA, sedangkan satu lokasi lainnya yaitu zona inti dipilih mewakili lokasi tanpa aktivitas penyelaman maupun aktivitas penangkapan ikan.  Hasil penelitian ini memperlihatkan bahwa lokasi dengan tekanan aktivitas penyelaman memiliki prosentase tutupan karang batu/hidup berkisar antara 16,89% - 45,78% pada kedalaman 3 dan 10m, dengan kategori kondisi terumbu karang buruk sampai cukup, sedangkan pada lokasi yang tidak memiliki aktivitas penyelaman memiliki prosentase tutupan karang batu/hidup sebesar 53,03% pada 3m dan 58,15% pada 10m dengan kategori kondisi terumbu karang adalah baik.  Hasil penelitian ini mengindikasikan bahwa aktivitas penyelaman snorkeling maupun SCUBA berdampak pada kondisi terumbu karang di Pulau Bunaken, sehingga sangat diperlukan system pengelolaan yang terpadu dan berkesinambungan dalam memanfaatkan secara maksimal potensi ekowisata bahari tanpa merusak ekosistem terumbu karang di Pulau Bunaken.

scholarly journals Status of Coral Reefs in the Water of Spermonde, Makassar, South Sulawesi

2021 ◽  
Vol 324 ◽  
pp. 03007
Author(s):  
Ni Wayan Purnama Sari ◽  
Rikoh Manogar Siringoringo ◽  
Muhammad Abrar ◽  
Risandi Dwirama Putra ◽  
Raden Sutiadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coral Reef ◽  
Coral Reefs ◽  
Coral Cover ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Live Coral ◽  
Health Index ◽  
Point Count ◽  
Live Coral Cover ◽  
Reef Health ◽  
Index Value

Observations of the condition of coral reefs have been carried out in Spermonde waters from 2015 to 2018. The method used in this observation uses Underwater Photo Transect (UPT), and the data obtained is analyzed using CPCe (Coral Point Count with Excel Extensions) software. The results show that the percentage of coral cover has increased from year to year. The percentage of live coral cover in 2015 was 19.64%, 23.60 in 2016, 23.72% in 2017, and 27.83% in 2018. The increase in live coral cover from year to year is thought to occur due to the availability of nutrients. or increasing public awareness, considering this location is one of the most famous tourist attractions in Makassar. Coral reef health index values can be used to classify coral reef health. Through the analysis of the coral reef health index, an index value of 4 was obtained, which means that the condition of the coral reefs is in the “moderate” category.

scholarly journals Cuando la conservación no puede seguir el ritmo del desarrollo: Estado de salud de los ecosistemas coralinos del Pacífico Norte de Costa Rica

2018 ◽  
Vol 66 (1-1) ◽  
pp. 280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan José Alvarado ◽  
Andrés Beita-Jiménez ◽  
Sebastián Mena ◽  
Cindy Fernández ◽  
Jorge Cortés ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Coral Reefs ◽  
North Pacific ◽  
Coral Cover ◽  
Actual State ◽  
Live Coral ◽  
The North ◽  
Invasive Seaweed ◽  
Live Coral Cover ◽  
The North Pacific

Abstract: When conservation can keep up with development´s pace: Health status of coral ecosystems in the North Pacific of Costa Rica. Coral reefs are diverse and productive ecosystems, despite this, they are being threatened by human activities that enhance the detrimental impact of the natural phenomenon’s like Harmful Algal Blooms (HAB). The north Pacific of Costa Rica has been characterized as one of the best regions for the coral reefs development in the country. However, many of these ecosystems are being lost as a result of eutrophication, overfishing, invasive species and others impacts that affect the region. In the present study, live coral cover in the north Pacific was 5.0 ± 10.4(s.d.) %, with a domination in the ecosystems by turf algae. Twenty-six invertebrate taxa were registered in the region with the predominance of the sea urchin Diadema mexicanum. Ninety-four species of reef fish were identified. Snappers and some planktivores species were the groups with the highest frequency and abundance. The localities previously studied in the 1990 decade, presented a mean live coral cover between 40-50 %, whereby the actual state of the reef reflect a significant deterioration. This decline in coral cover is due to natural events like the El Niño, as well as the decrease in water quality in the region. In recent years, proliferations of the invasive seaweed Caulerpa sertularioides and high densities of bioerosive sea urchins have been reported, mainly associated with HAB events. Likewise, fish communities have low biomass, especially in the vicinity of fishing villages. The state of the reefs in the North Pacific is worrying and requires actions for its recovery and conservation, for which there must be better planning of the development of projects and activities on the coast. Rev. Biol. Trop. 66(Suppl. 1): S280-S308. Epub 2018 April 01. 

scholarly journals Condition of coral reef in Batee Island waters, Peukan Bada Sub-District, Aceh Besar

DEPIK ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-119
Author(s):  
Maria Ulfah ◽  
Saiful Mahlil ◽  
Muhammad Nasir ◽  
Sayyid Afdhal El Rahimi ◽  
Syahrul Purnawan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coral Reef ◽  
Coral Cover ◽  
Marine Biota ◽  
Live Coral ◽  
Small Islands ◽  
Live Coral Cover ◽  
Coral Reef Ecosystems ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
Average Condition ◽  
Line Intercept

Batee Island is one of the small islands in the Aceh Besar region and is uninhabited and directly faces the Indian Ocean. Batee Island's waters have the potential for marine biota, especially coral reef ecosystems, and other associated biotas. This study aims to determine the percentage and comparison of live coral cover in Batee Island waters and determine the genus' composition in Batee Island waters. This research was conducted in October-November 2016. Collecting coral reef data using the LIT (Line Intercept Transect) method. The results showed that the live coral cover in Batee Island's waters differed between the East and West Batee Islands. The coral reefs' average condition in Batee Island waters at shallow depths (0-5m) is 41.41%, and deep (6-10m) is 36.52%. Overall, the conditions and live coral cover in the waters of Batee Island are classified as moderate. In the waters of Batee Island, there are 31 coral genera. The highest percentage of corals was the genus Acropora (50.02%).Keywords:Batee IslandConditionCoral reefCoral cover

scholarly journals STATUS OF CORAL REEFS IN THE LEMBEH STRAITS AND ADJACENT WATER, NORTH SULAWESI

2015 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 57-61
Author(s):  
Suharsono
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Coral Reefs ◽  
Coral Cover ◽  
Water Discharge ◽  
River Mouth ◽  
Marine Biota ◽  
Live Coral ◽  
Reef Management ◽  
Habitat Variability ◽  
North Sulawesi

Lembeh reefs and its water surrounding are among the richest and most diverse in marine biota in Indonesia. The biota and reefs in this area have an important contribution to the province’s economy in the form of tourisms and fishery activities. An inventory using line intercept transect and free collection on the coral diversity has been conducted in four different locations showed that live coral cover ranging from 12.2–60.7% while sand rubble ranged from 4.67 to 78.67%. Among the life form categories, sponge dominated other biota with 0.47–21.97% coverage. Macro algae and turf algae cover were low at all sites, with average less than 2.07%. A total of 193 corals species belonging to 68 genera were recognized from this area. The differences among sites may be consequences of water quality, habitat variability and condition of the land base activities. Water turbidity in the coastal area of Kema was high due to the effects of water discharge from river mouth. Further, poor land management, development of port and human settlement leading to sedimentation, water pollution and poor water quality, remain the primary causes of reefs declines. Busy harbor and local sea transportation will be the major cause of coral reef degradation in the near future. There is a need to increase awareness of local people about the important of coral reefs and to develop management and conservation efforts involving scientists, academe and tourist operators. In addition, it is a need to strengthen the capabilities and capacities of institutions that concern reef management and enforce legislation. 

scholarly journals BENTUKPERTUMBUHANKARANGDAERAHTERTUTUP DANTERBUKADI PERAIRAN SEKITARPULAU PAMEGARAN, TELUKJAKARTA

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 255
Author(s):  
Anthony Sisco Panggabean ◽  
Bram Setiadji
Keyword(s):  
Life Form ◽  
Coral Cover ◽  
Live Coral ◽  
Medium Sand ◽  
Live Coral Cover ◽  
Line Intercept

Lingkungan perairan dapat membedakan bentuk pertumbuhan karang. Untukmengetahui bentuk pertumbuhan karang pada dua lingkungan perairan karang yang berbeda di perairan sekitar Pulau Pamegaran Teluk Jakarta menggunakanmetode life form transek (line intercept transec). Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulanMei sampai Juli 2005. Hasil pengamatan menunjukan bahwa genus karang yang mendominansi adalah Acropora, Porites, dan Montipora dengan bentuk pertumbuhan karang bercabang dan karang batu ataumasif.Adaptasi bentuk pertumbuhan karang yang dominan pada daerah tertutup (leeward) yaitu bercabang dan genus dominan Acropora. Pada daerah terbuka (windward) bentuk pertumbuhan karang yang dominan yaitu karang batu dari genus Porites. Kondisi substrat di sekitar perairan terbuka di bagian utara Pulau Pamegaran terdiri atas pasir (medium sand) dan di perairan tertutup bagian timur kerikil (pebble) dan pecahan karang mati (rubble). Marine envinronment can make the bend of coral shape were different in the certain areas. Line intercept transec was used to study live coral cover in the waters around of Pamegaran Island, Jakarta Bay. The research was done inMay until July 2005. The results showed that Acropora, Porites, and Montipora were dominat with the bend of coral shape branching and massive. Adaptation of the bend of coral shape in leeward was branching with the dominat genera Acropora.Meanwhile, in the windward area the dominat genera was Porites with bend of coral shape massive. Substrat condition in leeward ares at Pamegaran Island wre dominated by medium sand and the winward areas were dominated by pebble and rubble

scholarly journals Analysis on the Live Coral Cover around Weizhou Island Using MODIS Data

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (19) ◽  
pp. 4309
Author(s):  
Rongyong Huang ◽  
Huiya Zhang ◽  
Kefu Yu
Keyword(s):  
Coral Reefs ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Coral Cover ◽  
Empirical Relationship ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Global Changes ◽  
Live Coral ◽  
Chl A ◽  
Live Coral Cover ◽  
Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer

Coral reefs are important as they can help to maintain ecological balance, biological resources, and species diversity on earth. However, they are globally threatened by human activities and climate change. As live coral cover (LCC) is regarded as an important measure of the health of coral reefs, analysis on LCC change associated with environmental parameters, such as chlorophyll-a concentration (Chl-a), sea surface temperature (SST), and photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), is of great value. Research on this front would help us comprehend the changes in coral reefs induced by human activities and global changes. Instead of using spasmodically in-field-measured environmental parameters, in this study, we chose to combine the successive Chl-a, SST, and PAR products of the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) with historic LCC records to establish an empirical relationship using nonlinear optimization. Thereafter, the established relationship was further used to discuss some possible developments of LCCs. According to the experiments, we concluded that the degradation of the LCC around Weizhou Island may be mainly caused by human-activity-caused eutrophication. Besides, we also showed that even if the Chl-a and the PAR can keep constant with current average levels, the corals around Weizhou Island may still be in a risk of disappearing between 2120–2140 as the SST continues to rise.

Distribution, diversity, and conservation of coral reefs and coral communities in the largest marine protected area of Pacific Panama (Coiba Island)

2004 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
HECTOR M. GUZMAN ◽  
CARLOS A. GUEVARA ◽  
ODALISCA BREEDY
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Coral Reefs ◽  
Protected Area ◽  
Marine Protected Area ◽  
Coral Cover ◽  
Scleractinian Corals ◽  
Live Coral ◽  
Marine Habitats ◽  
Live Coral Cover ◽  
Coral Communities

Sampling scale and lack of attention to taxa other than scleractinian corals have limited the capacity to protect coral reefs and coral communities in Pacific Panama. The distribution of coral habitats (live coral cover) and their species richness in the largest marine protected area of Panama, the Coiba National Park (270 125 ha), is described using quadrat transects and manta tows. The species richness of scleractinian corals and octocorals was lower in coral reefs than in coral communities, and a close relationship between richness and live coral cover was observed only in coral communities. The distribution of high live coral cover in coral communities overlapped with areas of high coral species richness. Average live coral cover in communities was 64%, compared to 28% in reefs, whereas algae cover was 30% and 49%, respectively. Twenty-two coral and 34 octocoral species were observed, many only now detected in Panama as endemic or new species. Analysis of satellite imagery showed 80% of terrestrial habitats were mostly primary forest, and coral reefs and coral communities covered 1700 ha, about 2% of marine habitats. Shallow marine environments (< 20 m) had up to 60% calcareous red algae cover (rhodolite beds). Based on the distribution of live coral cover and species richness, three conservation units were identified as priority, with the southern and northernmost sides of the marine protected area as the most significant. These three areas encompass most of the rare and endemic species or populations, as well as species previously regarded as endangered.

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