scholarly journals Use of Modularity as a Principle of Design of Metal-organic Framework-based Materials with Specified Properties for Creating Modern Protective Equipment

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-172
Keyword(s):  
Personal Protective Equipment ◽  
Metal Organic Framework ◽  
Physical Nature ◽  
Toxic Chemicals ◽  
Protective Equipment ◽  
Pathogenic Microorganisms ◽  
Protective Properties ◽  
Metal Organic ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Universal Structure

An earlier analysis of approaches to the creation and improvement of protective materials and tissues made it possible to assume that the development of personal protective equipment (PPE) against various damaging factors of chemical, biological and physical nature can in future go towards the creation of modular organometallic frame structures (MOF-materials) with specific properties (from toxic chemicals and pathogenic microorganisms). The aim of this article is to develop and disclose the principle of modularity of construction of protective materials based on MOF-structures with specific properties. The principle of modularity of construction of protective materials with specific properties, proposed by us, is based on the use of single unified platform, on the surface of which special modules or combinations of modules are applied, which ensure the protection from various factors of chemical, biological and physical nature. The universal structure of MOF, called «MOF-universal», has been substantiated. The composition and properties of individual modules, possible and optimal combinations of modules of MOF-structures, the importance and significance of individual modules and their combinations for imparting universal protective properties to MOF-material are determined. The use of this principle will make it possible to impart protective properties to almost any clothing, while maintaining its physiological and hygienic characteristics and providing the required level of protection for personnel, without using specialized personal protective equipment.

scholarly journals Strategy for Development of Modern Protective Equipment Based on Organometallic Complexes with Desired Properties

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 305-337
Keyword(s):  
Covalent Binding ◽  
Physical Nature ◽  
Organometallic Complexes ◽  
Protective Equipment ◽  
Surface Attachment ◽  
Protective Properties ◽  
Metal Organic ◽  
The Creation

The aim of this review is to analyze the existing approaches to the creation and the improvement of materials and fabrics based on metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), which can be the basis for developing a strategy for creating modular MOF materials for modern personal protective equipment (PPE) against toxic chemicals and pathogenic microorganisms. The review provides the details of the use of biomolecules for integration with MOF by pore encapsulation, surface attachment, covalent binding, in situ encapsulation of biomolecules in MOF, and the creation of bio-MOFs. The characteristics of biomolecules that can be included in MOFs are presented. Certain schemes for the inclusion of some biomolecules in MOFs are given. The main properties of MOFs, the main trends of their creation, as well as the most promising directions of application of biomolecules/MOF composites are discussed. The strategy of the creation of modular MOF materials with desired properties for modern PPE, that provide protection against various hazards of chemical, biological and physical nature, is presented. The main trends of the development of modern PPE based on modular MOF materials with desired properties are given. Particular schemes of the creation of separate modules in MOF structures, as well as the determination of their importance and significance for imparting universal protective properties to MOF materials are proposed

scholarly journals Research of the mechanisms of penetration of toxic chemicals through a multilayer composite sorption-active material

2021 ◽  
pp. 48-51
Author(s):  
A. V. Genis ◽  
A. V. Kuznetsov ◽  
G. M. Ilyutkina ◽  
M. M. Smirnov
Keyword(s):  
Personal Protective Equipment ◽  
Active Material ◽  
Optimal Structure ◽  
Toxic Chemicals ◽  
Protective Equipment ◽  
Multilayer Composite ◽  
Protective Properties

The mechanism of penetration of liquid and vapors of a simulator of toxic chemicals through samples of multilayer sorptionactive materials obtained by the method of double-sided duplication, differing in different structure and composition, has been determined.The optimal structure of a multilayer composite sorption-active material has been selected for the manufacture of personal protective equipment for the skin of a filtering type, which provides high hygienic and protective properties as close as possible to materials of an insulating type, as well as a technology for its production.

A UiO-66 analogue with uncoordinated carboxylic acids for the broad-spectrum removal of toxic chemicals

2015 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 2396-2399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jared B. DeCoste ◽  
Tyler J. Demasky ◽  
Michael J. Katz ◽  
Omar K. Farha ◽  
Joseph T. Hupp
Keyword(s):  
Carboxylic Acids ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Metal Organic Framework ◽  
Toxic Chemicals ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Toxic Gases ◽  
Metal Organic ◽  
Organic Framework

A new metal–organic framework analogue is stable under ambient conditions with the ability to remove toxic gases.

scholarly journals Modern Directions of Creating New Protective Materials and Tissues For Means of Individual and Collective Protection Against Toxic Chemicals and Pathogenic Microorganisms

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 217-254 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Toxic Chemicals ◽  
Protective Equipment ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Protective Material ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Self Cleaning

The purpose of this work is to identify technologies of the production of materials and fabrics that provide protection against toxic chemicals and pathogens for the development of personal and collective protective equipment. These materials and tissues should have specific properties of «self-cleaning» (self-degassing). The article is dedicated to the consideration of the results of the use of new protective materials and fabrics during the creation of modern filtering and sorbing protective equipment of the «soldier of the future». It is shown in the article, that regardless of the method of producing protective materials on the basis of activated carbon or sorbents, they do not possess the «self-cleaning» properties. Their common significant drawback is the possibility of desorption of toxic substances. In addition, there is also a limitation of their protective properties by the sorption capacity of activated carbon (carbon fibers). As a result, the absence of toxic vapors behind the layer of protective material can be guaranteed for a limited period of time. As a rule, this period of time does not exceed 24. In the nearest future the electrospinning technology, used to obtain filtering fabrics, will create a wide range of materials with various properties, including anti-aerosol, degassing, antimicrobial, etc. The metal organic frameworks (MOFs) based on zirconium, NU-1000, UiO-66, seem to be the most attractive among the MOFs for the creation of means of degassing and indication of toxic agents. The analysis of data obtained in the field of creation of filtering and sorbing «self-cleaning» (self-degassing) materials for personal protective equipment showed that these materials can acquire such properties due to their functionalization while using nanosized metal-containing particles with antibacterial properties, as well as enzymes that catalyze hydrolysis of certain highly toxic compounds and their degradation products.

scholarly journals The Possibility of Reuse of Nanofiber Mats by Machine Washing at Different Temperatures

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (17) ◽  
pp. 4788
Author(s):  
Al Mamun ◽  
Imane Moulefera ◽  
Yusuf Topuz ◽  
Marah Trabelsi ◽  
Lilia Sabantina
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Personal Protective Equipment ◽  
Air Permeability ◽  
Airborne Particles ◽  
Protective Equipment ◽  
Protective Properties ◽  
Safe Method ◽  
Minimal Loss ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Nanofiber Mats

The worldwide spread of coronavirus COVID-19 infections demonstrates the great need for personal protective equipment and, in particular, hygiene masks. These masks are essential for the primary protection of the respiratory tract against pathogens such as viruses and bacteria that are infectious and transmitted through the air as large droplets or via small airborne particles. The use of protective masks will continue to accompany humans for an indefinite period of time, and therefore there is an urgent need for a safe method to extend their usability by reusing them under perspective with minimal loss of protective properties. Nanofiber mats are widely used in masks and in this study the reusability of nanofiber mats is investigated by washing them at different temperatures. This paper shows the first measurements of the washability of nanofiber mats. Furthermore, the air permeability is measured, and the evaporation resistance is evaluated. According to the results of this study, the air permeability performance of nanofiber mats does not change significantly after washing, confirming the possibility of reuse.

scholarly journals Vaccination vs Microchipping: Triggers of Eschatological Mythology in the Context of Anti-Epidemic Measures

2021 ◽  
pp. 108-118
Author(s):  
Aleksandr Prilutskiy ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Personal Protective Equipment ◽  
Social Activity ◽  
Semantic Structure ◽  
Protective Equipment ◽  
Conspiracy Theories ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Modern Technologies

The coronavirus epidemic and anti-epidemic measures, such as quarantine restrictions on social activity, wide use of disinfectants, requirements for the use of personal protective equipment, as well as changes in church liturgy, rituals and sacraments lead to the creation of medical conspiracy myths. This article analyses two most important conspiracy mythologemes that are formed as a result of a conspiracy interpretation of the epidemic: the vaccination mythologeme and the microchipping mythologeme. The author proceeds from the assumption that modern eschatological conspiracy myths are based on the original non-eschatological myth, which provided a rational non-religious hermeneutics of epidemics. The eschatological version of the vaccinophobic conspiracy myth is formed on the basis of a non-eschatological conspiracy as a result of medical conspiracy theories merging with the modern version of the technophobic myth. The invariant core of the latter consists of mythologemes and mythotheologemes that interpret modern technologies within the framework of eschatological semiotics. As a result of convergence, these mythologemes form a single mythotheological complex, which, in turn, becomes a trigger for a new eschatological mythology. The paper analyses the semantic structure of this mytho-theological complex, its semiotic features, pragmatic potential and reasons for its popularity. The research was carried out within the framework of a semiotic and hermeneutic study of mythological discourse applying the method of categorical semiotics. As illustrations the author used fragments of original texts posted on conspiracy websites devoted to eschatological issues.

Comparative physiological and hygienic assessment of personal protective equipment properties in various configurations from power frequency electric field

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (9) ◽  
pp. 600-604
Author(s):  
Olga V. Burmistrova ◽  
Sergey Yu. Perov ◽  
Tatyana A. Konshina
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
Personal Protective Equipment ◽  
Thermal Load ◽  
The Body ◽  
Working Environment ◽  
Protective Equipment ◽  
Protective Properties ◽  
Power Frequency ◽  
Frequency Electric Field

Modern working conditions of employees can be characterized by the presence of harmful factors of the working environment, including physical factors that often have a complex effect on the human body during the working shift. One of the main harmful factors of the working environment for electrical personnel is the electric field of industrial frequency, which is protected by personal protective equipment (shielding kits), which exerts an additional thermal load on the body of personnel when working outdoors in the summer. The aim of the study was a comprehensive assessment of personal protective equipment of various configurations and their impact on the thermal state of a person in a heating environment to select the optimal configuration. The objects of study were screening suits consisted of overalls, jacket and trousers, jacket and semi-overall. For screening suits protective properties test the possible working conditions were simulated power frequency electric field levels from 5 to 80 kV/m (grounding) and 10-100 kV/m (on wire potential). The physiological and hygienic assessment of personal protective equipment involved 3 male volunteers. Their body constitution was selected according to typical differences of workers. Volunteers dressed in screening suit had physical activity at air temperature 34.8±0.3°C, relative humidity 48.0±3.0% and air mobility 0.15 m/s. Before and during the study parameters were recorded: skin temperature on 11 parts of body surface, clothes temperature, heart rate, body temperature in the ear canal, points of heat and moisture sensation and moisture loss was determined after the study. Before physical activity and after recovery period volunteers were measured blood pressure. Studies of the protective properties of three sets of personal protective equipment have shown that the best protective characteristics in comparison with the other sets have a jacket and half - overalls, the worst - a jacket and trousers. The results of the physiological and hygienic evaluation of screening kits showed individual differences in the thermoregulatory reactions of all volunteers when using different sets of personal protective equipment. At the same time, large amounts of heat accumulation in the body, a high heart rate and its change, as well as a higher moisture perception score were observed during the operation of the jumpsuit. As a result of research, the optimal configuration was chosen jacket and half-overalls, which has a moderate thermal load on the human body and has the best protective characteristics. From the point of view of the lowest voltage of thermoregulation reactions, it can be recommended to use a shielding kit as part of jacket and trousers.

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