Evaluation of stability and robustness of poly-Si resistors with different dopant concentrations

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mingte Lin ◽  
Kai Wei Yang ◽  
Ya-Chin King
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conduction ◽  
Stress Condition ◽  
Energy Model ◽  
High Current ◽  
Current Stress ◽  
Pulse Test ◽  
Temperature Dependences ◽  
Free Energy Model ◽  
Shift Criterion ◽  
The Stability

Abstract The stability and robustness of lightly and highly doped poly-Si resistors were evaluated. These resistors exhibited distinct electrical resistance properties and temperature dependences, which can be explained through the grain and grain boundary conduction mechanisms. The resistance shift saturated under the low current stress condition, but continued to increase under the high current stress condition. A novel carrier trapping density model was proposed to explain this behavior. A generalized free energy model that considered stress temperature and stress current dependences was proposed to account for the stability lifetime of a poly-Si resistor based on the resistance shift criterion. Robustness evaluation with transmission line pulse test revealed that the breakdown current exhibited a pulse width dependence which was further explained by a thermal- conduction energy model.

Hydrogen Atom Transfer Reaction Free Energy as a Predictor of Abiotic Nitroaromatic Reduction Rate Constants: A Comprehensive Analysis

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominic Di Toro ◽  
Kevin P. Hickey ◽  
Herbert E. Allen ◽  
Richard F. Carbonaro ◽  
Pei C. Chiu
Keyword(s):  
Free Energy ◽  
Hydrogen Atom ◽  
Hydrogen Atom Transfer ◽  
Energy Model ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Transfer Model ◽  
Atom Transfer ◽  
Order Rate ◽  
Linear Free Energy ◽  
Free Energy Model

<div>A linear free energy model is presented that predicts the second order rate constant for the abiotic reduction of nitroaromatic compounds (NACs). For this situation previously presented models use the one electron reduction potential of the NAC reaction. If such value is not available, it has been has been proposed that it could be computed directly or estimated from the electron affinity (EA). The model proposed herein uses the Gibbs free energy of the hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) as the parameter in the linear free energy model. Both models employ quantum chemical computations for the required thermodynamic parameters. The available and proposed models are compared using second order rate constants obtained from five investigations reported in the literature in which a variety of NACs were exposed to a variety of reductants. A comprehensive analysis utilizing all the NACs and reductants demonstrate that the computed hydrogen atom transfer model and the experimental one electron reduction potential model have similar root mean square errors and residual error probability distributions. In contrast, the model using the computed electron affinity has a more variable residual error distribution with a significant number of outliers. The results suggest that a linear free energy model utilizing computed hydrogen transfer reaction free energy produces a more reliable prediction of the NAC abiotic reduction second order rate constant than previously available methods. The advantages of the proposed hydrogen atom transfer model and its mechanistic implications are discussed as well.</div>

Improved Burn-In Stress Methodology for Stress Uniformity

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jungsuk Ko ◽  
Hoonchang yang ◽  
Hyungchae Jeon ◽  
Gyuyoung Nam ◽  
Youngseok Ryu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Stress ◽  
Stress Condition ◽  
Temperature Deviation ◽  
Stress Effects ◽  
Hot Temperature ◽  
Production Environments ◽  
Stress Environment ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Stress Uniformity ◽  
Stress Voltage

Abstract The necessity of hot temperature stress is widely recognized as the initial stress methodology to maintain the stability of products from infant defects in device [1, 2]. However, hot temperature stress has a disadvantage in terms of stress uniformity because temperature variation according to stress environment such as chamber, board, and tester accelerates different stress effects per chips. In addition, this stress condition can cause serious reliability problem in the mass production environments. Therefore, the stress temperature should be lowered to minimize the temperature deviation due to the production environments. The reduction of stress temperature cause the lack of stress amount, so optimized stress voltage and time to maintain the stress condition is required. In this study, various stress voltage and time with decreasing temperature were evaluated in consideration of lifetime that unit elements such transistors and capacitors did not degrade by any stress conditions. In addition, it was confirmed that stress uniformity can be improved in the stress condition obtained by the evaluation. Furthermore, the enhanced initial failure screen ability was proven with mass evaluations.

scholarly journals Coupled THM and Matrix Stability Modeling of Hydroshearing Stimulation in a Coupled Fracture-Matrix Hot Volcanic System

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Xiao ◽  
Jianchun Guo ◽  
Hehua Wang ◽  
Lize Lu ◽  
John McLennan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Thermal Conduction ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
Injection Well ◽  
Time Step ◽  
Volcanic System ◽  
Induced Stress ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Matrix Stability ◽  
The Stability

A coupled thermal-hydraulic-mechanical (THM) model is developed to simulate the combined effect of fracture fluid flow, heat transfer from the matrix to injected fluid, and shearing dilation behaviors in a coupled fracture-matrix hot volcanic reservoir system. Fluid flows in the fracture are calculated based on the cubic law. Heat transfer within the fracture involved is thermal conduction, thermal advection, and thermal dispersion; within the reservoir matrix, thermal conduction is the only mode of heat transfer. In view of the expansion of the fracture network, deformation and thermal-induced stress model are added to the matrix node’s in situ stress environment in each time step to analyze the stability of the matrix. A series of results from the coupled THM model, induced stress, and matrix stability indicate that thermal-induced aperture plays a dominant role near the injection well to enhance the conductivity of the fracture. Away from the injection well, the conductivity of the fracture is contributed by shear dilation. The induced stress has the maximum value at the injection point; the deformation-induced stress has large value with smaller affected range; on the contrary, thermal-induced stress has small value with larger affected range. Matrix stability simulation results indicate that the stability of the matrix nodes may be destroyed; this mechanism is helpful to create complex fracture networks.

scholarly journals Affinity and Specificity of Protein U1A-RNA Complex Formation Based on an Additive Component Free Energy Model

2007 ◽  
Vol 371 (5) ◽  
pp. 1405-1419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bethany L. Kormos ◽  
Yulia Benitex ◽  
Anne M. Baranger ◽  
David L. Beveridge
Keyword(s):  
Free Energy ◽  
Complex Formation ◽  
Energy Model ◽  
Additive Component ◽  
Free Energy Model ◽  
Rna Complex

Study on Arc and Drop Transfer Behaviors of DCEN MAG Welding

2014 ◽  
Vol 887-888 ◽  
pp. 1290-1293
Author(s):  
Xu Ming Wang ◽  
Qing Xia Bi
Keyword(s):  
Direct Current ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Welding Process ◽  
Mag Welding ◽  
High Speed Camera ◽  
High Current ◽  
Current Electrode ◽  
The Stability

By means of the high speed camera, the arc and drop transfer behaviours of direct current electrode negative MAG welding process are researched. The influences of luminous arc ball on the stability of MAG welding process are analyzed. On this basis, the process interval of DCEN MAG welding is determined. And the influences of wire polarity on wire melting coefficient are compared. By using the shield gas 98%Ar + 2%O2, the stable drop transfer manner can be divided into two kinds: dropwise transfer with low current, and streaming transfer with high current.

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