scholarly journals MICROBIAL PREPARATIONS IN AGRICULTURE CULTURAL TECHNOLOGIES AS A REGULATING FACTOR FOR THE ACTIVITY OF THE DENITRIFICATION PROCESS

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 3-11
Author(s):  
V. V. Volkohon ◽  
А. М. Moskalenko ◽  
S. B. Dimova ◽  
К. І. Volkohon ◽  
О. V. Pyrih ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
N2o Emission ◽  
Mineral Nitrogen ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Emission Rates ◽  
Rhizospheric Soil ◽  
Mineral Fertilization ◽  
Denitrification Process

Objective. To determine the features of potential N2O emission from the rhizospheric soil of plants under different crop fertilization systems. Methods. Field experiment, gas chromatographic methods. Results. In the field stationary experiment on leached chornozem during crop rotation in potato, spring barley, peas and winter wheat, it was shown that potential N2O losses from the rhizo-spheric soil of plants depend on fertilizing systems and microbial preparations. The losses of nitro-gen gaseous compounds are proportional to the standards of the applied mineral nitrogen fertiliz-ers. High N2O emission rates are observed in the first year of cattle manure application and during its after-effect. Emission of nitrous oxide also increases with organo-mineral fertilization. The use of microbial preparations in crop cultivation technologies: Biogran for potatoes, Mikrogumin for spring barley, Rhizogumin for peas, Polimiksobakteryn for winter wheat under the application of mineral fertilizers, contributes to a significant limitation of nitrogen gas losses. This is due to the increase of the absorption coefficients of the active substance from the fertilizers by bacterization-initiated plants and, consequently, the decrease in mineral nitrogen compounds in the rhizospheric soil. When growing potatoes by an organic agrarian background (40 t/ha of manure), the signifi-cant effect of Biogran on the course of the biological denitrification process has not been estab-lished, which can be explained by the formation of an intense pool of microorganisms under the use of manure, and the levelling of pre-sowing bacterization due to this effect. Conclusion. The use of microbial preparations for inoculation of agricultural seeds helps to reduce the emission of nitrous oxide from rhizospheric soil of plants under their cultivation by mineral agrarian backgrounds, which is important both economically and environmentally.

Wpływ Wapnowania i Nawożenia Mineralnego na Zawartość Rozpuszczalnych Form Pierwiastków Śladowych W Glebie Płowej / The Influence of Liming and Mineral Fertilization on the Content of Trace Elements Soluble Forms in Haplic Luvisols Formed from Loess

2012 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 17-23
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Nazarkiewicz ◽  
Janina Kaniuczak
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Combined Effect ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Mineral Fertilization ◽  
Ap Horizon ◽  
Bt Horizon

Abstract The research was carried out on a permanent fertilization field in the area of the Rzeszow Foothills Region, with Haplic Luvisols formed from loess. The following plants were cultivated in a 4-year cropping system: pasture sunflower, winter wheat, potatoes and spring barley. Various mineral fertilizers NPK + Mg constans and various mineral fertilization NPK + Mg Ca constans were applied in the experiment. Liming was applied in the form of CaO (at the dose of 2.86 t Ca × ha.1). The experiment included 14 fertilizer objects, in 4 replications according to the method of random sub-blocks. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was applied in statistic processing for a double classification: liming (A) and mineral fertilization (B) . independently of liming. As a result of the testing, it was found that liming raised the content of Cr in Ap and Bt horizons. Mineral fertilization raised the content of Co and Cr in Ap and Bt horizons and Cd and Pb in Bt horizon. The combined effect of liming and mineral fertilization decreased the content of Ni and Co in Ap horizon and Cd in Bt horizon and raised the content of Cr in Ap and Bt horizons and Pb in Bt horizon.

scholarly journals OPTIMIZATION OF NITROGEN MINERAL FERTILIZATION OF AGRICULTURAL CULTURES BY THE PARAMETERS OF THE INTENSITY OF THE NITROGEN FIXATION AND DENITRIFICATION PROCESSES

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 3-12
Author(s):  
V. V. Volkohon ◽  
S. B. Dimova ◽  
К. І. Volkohon ◽  
V. P. Gorban ◽  
N. P. Shtanko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
N2o Emission ◽  
Mineral Nitrogen ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Nitrogen Compounds ◽  
Mineral Fertilization ◽  
Nitrogen Fixation Activity ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer Rate ◽  
Biological Nitrogen

Objective. Investigate the performance of the nitrogen fixation and process of N-N2O loss un-der the cultivation of potatoes and peas on the leached chornozem under various mineral agrarian backgrounds and the use of microbial preparations and to determine the ecological compromise normal rate of mineral nitrogen, under which the emission losses of nitrogen compounds will not exceed the intake of “biological” nitrogen in agrocenoses. Methods. Field experiment, gas chroma-tographic. Results. Studies of the activity of nitrogen fixation and N2O emission in situ in potato and pea agrocenoses using different rates of mineral fertilizers and microbial preparations, with subsequent calculations of the parameters of intake of the “biological” nitrogen and emission loss-es of the element indicate the possibility of determining the conditions (doses of mineral nitrogen) for which equality between profit and non-productive expenditure of the nitrogen balance is achieved. This amount of mineral nitrogen can be considered environmentally permissible, its ex-cess is undesirable due to a decrease in the intake of “biological” nitrogen and increased activity of the denitrification process. For potatoes grown on leached chornozem, environmentally permis-sible nitrogen fertilizer rate should be considered as 80 kg/ha, for peas — 60 kg/ha. The use of mi-crobial preparations in the cultivation of crops promotes an increase in the range of environmen-tally permissible normal rates of mineral nitrogen due to the formation of conditions under which the bacterization of plants require more nitrogen compounds to ensure a constructive metabolism, which additionally to increased nitrogen fixation activity is accompanied by an increase in the level of consumption of mineral nitrogen in the soil. At the same time, the activity of biological denitrifi-cation becomes reduced. Based on the obtained parameters, a model of optimization of nitrogen mineral fertilization of agricultural cultures was developed. Conclusion. It is advisable to deter-mine the ecologically permissible normal rates of mineral nitrogen fertilization of crops by the per-formance indices of the nitrogen fixation process and N-N2O losses. In this case, the emission losses of nitrogen compounds should not exceed the levels of intake of biologically bound nitrogen in ag-rocenoses.

scholarly journals Mineral and organic fertilization efficiency in long-term stationary experiments

2010 ◽  
Vol 56 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 28-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Černý ◽  
J. Balík ◽  
M. Kulhánek ◽  
K. Čásová K ◽  
V. Nedvěd
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Natural Soil ◽  
Average Yield ◽  
Organic Fertilization

In long-term stationary experiments under different soil-climatic conditions, an influence of mineral and organic fertilization on yield of winter wheat, spring barley and potato tubers was evaluated. Statistically significantly lowest grain yields of winter wheat (4.00 t/ha) and spring barley (2.81 t/ha) were obtained in non-fertilized plots at all experimental sites. In the case of potatoes, the lowest yield of dry matter (5.71 t/ha) was recorded in the control plot, but the result was not statistically significant. The manure-fertilized plot gave the average yield of wheat higher by 30%, of barley by 22%. Application of sewage sludge resulted in wheat yield higher by 41% and barley yield higher by 26% over control. On average, application of sewage sludge and manure increased the yield of potatoes by 30% over control. The highest yield was obtained after application of mineral fertilizers; average yield increased by 59, 50 and 36% in winter wheat, spring barley and potatoes, respectively. No statistically significant differences among the plots with mineral fertilizers were observed. At different sites, the yield of studied crops varied; however, the effect of fertilization on yield increments was similar at all experimental sites except for Lukavec. It is the site with the lowest natural soil fertility, and it showed the highest effect of the applied fertilizers.

scholarly journals ENVIRONMENTAL EFFICIENCY OF PERENNIAL LEGUMES AS PRECURSORS OF WINTER WHEAT GROWN IN THE CONDITIONS OF AGRICULTURAL LAND POLLUTION WITH HEAVY METALS

2020 ◽  
pp. 167-176
Author(s):  
Serhii Razanov
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Potassium Chloride ◽  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Lead And Cadmium ◽  
Intensive Farming

The aim of the research was to study the effect of the inclusion of different types of perennial leguminous plants as winter wheat precursors in the crop rotation on the rate of accumulation of heavy metals in the soil compared to traditional winter wheat predecessors. The objectives of the research are to develop measures to reduce the accumulation of heavy metals in agricultural soils under conditions of modern crop rotation, limited by the number of crops grown and winter wheat. The accumulations of heavy metals in soils were calculated during the cultivation of the main crops of crop rotation with intensive fertilizer. The concentration of heavy metals in the soil was determined before and after the cultivation of legume precursors. Field studies were carried out during 2013-2017. On gray podzolized medium loamy soils of the Agronomichesky Research Institute of Vinnytsia National Agrarian University. We calculated the volumes of heavy metals with optimal rates of mineral fertilizer application for the most common types of crops grown in crop rotation. Four types of perennial grasses were sown: sowing alfalfa, meadow clover, horned lamb, sainfoin and eastern goatskin. After their four years of use, winter wheat was sown. The control was the predecessors in the following sequence: winter wheat - sunflower - winter wheat - corn. Laboratory studies of the content of mobile forms of heavy metals in soil were carried out in the Vinnytsia branch of the State Center for the Protection of Soil Fertility. Analysis of soil contamination with heavy metals during fertilization of major cereals showed that the amount of mineral fertilizers is from 257 kg/ha to 571 kg/ha for ammonium nitrate, from 175 to 225 kg/ha for double superphosphate and from 58 to 75 kg/ha on potassium chloride. According to the volume of mineral fertilizers used in the cultivation of winter wheat, 1944 mg / ha of lead and 339 mg / ha of cadmium enter the soil. Of these, with ammonium nitrate - 51.4% and 7.4%, respectively, with double superphosphate - 39.6% and 41.3% and with potassium chloride - 9.0% and 51.3%. When growing corn per 1 ha with mineral fertilizers, 2357 mg of lead and 434 mg of cadmium are applied, of which with ammonium nitrate - 48.4% and 6.7%, respectively, with double superphosphate - 42% and 41% and with potassium chloride. - 9.6% and 51.8%. Cultivation of spring barley leads to the receipt of mineral fertilizers to soils 1458 mg/ha of lead and 327 mg/ha of cadmium, of which with ammonium nitrate - respectively 35.2% and 4.0%, with double superphosphate - 52.8% and 42.8% and with potassium chloride - 12.0% and 53.2%. Mineral fertilization of winter rape leads to the entry into the soil per 1 ha of 2223 mg of lead and 390 mg of cadmium, of which with ammonium nitrate - respectively 51.4% and 7.4%, with double superphosphate - 39.6% and 41% and with potassium chloride - 9.0% and 51.5%. With mineral fertilizers for growing sunflower in the soil per 1 ha gets 2073 mg of lead and 427 mg of cadmium, of which with ammonium nitrate - respectively 41.4% and 5.2%, double superphosphate - 47.8% and 42.2 % and potassium chloride - 10.8% and 52.6%. The positive effect of growing leguminous perennial herbs on the decrease in the concentration of heavy metals in the soil and grain of winter wheat has been established. Under the conditions of intensive farming by Vinnitskaya, lead and cadmium fall into the soil for the use of mineral fertilizers in accordance with 1944 mg/ha and 339 mg/ha for growing winter wheat, 2357 mg/ha and 434 mg/ha for growing corn, 1458 mg/ha and 327 mg/ha when growing spring barley, 2223 mg/ha and 390 mg/ha when growing sunflower. The four-year cultivation of perennial leguminous grasses under intensive farming reduced the concentration of lead in the soil from 1.33 to 3.2 times and cadmium from 37 to 54 times compared with cereal crops, which contributed to improving the quality of winter wheat grain by reducing the concentration of lead from 1 7 to 2.4 times and cadmium from 1.4 times to 2.1 times. Key words: legumes, precursors, winter wheat, heavy metals, pollution.

scholarly journals DENITRIFICATION PECULIARITIES IN AGROCOENOSIS UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF MINERAL FERTILIZERS AND MICROBIAL PREPARATIONS

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 7-19
Author(s):  
V.V. Volkogon ◽  
S.B. Dimova ◽  
K.I. Volkogon ◽  
M.S. Komok ◽  
N.P. Shtan’ko
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Mineral Nitrogen ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Agricultural Crops ◽  
Substrate Use ◽  
Biological Denitrification ◽  
Denitrification Activity ◽  
Nitrite Respiration

The paper shows the results of studies of denitrification activityin root zone of spring barley, maize and potato under the use of mineralfertilizers and microbial preparations. It was established that applicationof optimal for the plants growth and development doses of fertilizershad restrained the biological denitrification activity due to the bothplants assimilation of mineral nitrogen and deprivation of rhizosphericmicroorganisms with nitrite respiration substrate. Use of physiologicallyungrounded doses of fertilizers especially when combining withmicrobial preparations had led to the significant loses of nitrogen dueto the denitrification. Thereby the application of microbial preparationsin agricultural crops growing technologies should be performed onoptimal agricultural backgrounds keeping biological denitrification atits lowest levels.

scholarly journals Nitrous oxide emission from a range of land uses across Europe

2002 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 325-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. E. Machefert ◽  
N. B. Dise ◽  
K. W. T. Goulding ◽  
P.G. Whitehead
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
N2o Emission ◽  
Emission Rates ◽  
Land Uses ◽  
Literature Study

Abstract. The results of a literature study examining quantitative estimates of N2O emission rates are presented for a range of land-uses across Europe. The analysis shows that the highest N2O emission rates are for agricultural lands compared to forests and grasslands. The main factors regulating these rates are available mineral nitrogen, soil temperature, soil water content and the available labile organic compounds. These controls operate across different time-scales, all must exceed a certain threshold for N2O emission to occur. The results support the need for an emission factor function of land-use and climate within models describing nitrogen dynamics in catchments. This would allow the assessment of the net N2O emission within catchments in terms of current levels and potential changes associated with climate variability, climate change and land use change. Keywords: nitrous oxide, soil water content, inorganic N, soil temperature, ecosystems, land-use management, soil type

scholarly journals The effect on nitrogen oxide emission from agricultural soils

2020 ◽  
Vol 175 ◽  
pp. 09014
Author(s):  
Yulia Kolesnikova ◽  
Viktoriia Semal ◽  
Оlga Nesterova ◽  
Simona Castaldi ◽  
Mariya Bovsun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Russian Far East ◽  
Far East ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
N2o Emission ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Organic And Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Reduce Emissions

The study investigates the effect of biochar on nitrous oxide emission in Endoargic Anthrosols in the southern territory of the Russian Far East. Biochar (bio-charcoal) was applied in the amounts of 1 kg/m2 and 3 kg/m2 in combination with organic and mineral fertilizers to drained and drain-free fields during the vegetation season, and the five-gas analyzer G2508 (Picarro) was used. Cumulative flows of N2O were estimated. The analysis revealed that biochar reduces the emissions and the cumulative flow of nitrous oxide. The higher the dose of biochar, the lower the emission and cumulative flows of nitrous oxide, regardless of a drainage system. Biochar (1 kg/m2) reduced the cumulative N2O flow from the soil by 52.2% throughout the experiment conducted, while a dose of 3 kg/m2 allowed for 97.8% reduction. The study found that organic and mineral fertilizers can be effectively used in combination with biochar, as N2O emission from the soil with mineral fertilizers is significantly higher than from the soil with organic fertilizers. Biochar (1 kg/m2) combined with organic fertilizers reduces N2O emission by 53.7%, while a dose of 3 kg/m2 can reduce emissions by 88.9%. Biochar (1 kg/m2) combined with mineral fertilizers reduced the flow of N2O by 17.5%, while a 3 kg/m2 dose of biochar used with mineral fertilizers reduced the emission by 85.3%.

scholarly journals Nitrous oxide in the Changjiang (Yangtze River) Estuary and its adjacent marine area: Riverine input, sediment release and atmospheric fluxes

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 3505-3516 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.-L. Zhang ◽  
J. Zhang ◽  
S.-M. Liu ◽  
J.-L. Ren ◽  
Y.-C. Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Yangtze River ◽  
River Estuary ◽  
N2o Emission ◽  
Changjiang Estuary ◽  
Yangtze River Estuary ◽  
Emission Rates ◽  
The Changjiang Estuary ◽  
Marine Area ◽  
Key Factor

Abstract. Dissolved nitrous oxide (N2O) was measured in the waters of the Changjiang (Yangtze River) Estuary and its adjacent marine area during five surveys covering the period of 2002–2006. Dissolved N2O concentrations ranged from 6.04 to 21.3 nM, and indicate great temporal and spatial variations. Distribution of N2O in the Changjiang Estuary was influenced by multiple factors and the key factor varied between cruises. Dissolved riverine N2O was observed monthly at station Xuliujing of the Changjiang, and ranged from 12.4 to 33.3 nM with an average of 19.4 ± 7.3 nM. N2O concentrations in the river waters showed obvious seasonal variations with higher values occurring in both summer and winter. Annual input of N2O from the Changjiang to the estuary was estimated to be 15.0 × 106 mol/yr. N2O emission rates from the sediments of the Changjiang Estuary in spring ranged from −1.88 to 2.02 μmol m−2 d−1, which suggests that sediment can act as either a source or a sink of N2O in the Changjiang Estuary. Average annual sea-to-air N2O fluxes from the studied area were estimated to be 7.7 ± 5.5, 15.1 ± 10.8 and 17.0 ± 12.6 μmol m−2d−1 using LM86, W92 and RC01 relationships, respectively. Hence the Changjiang Estuary and its adjacent marine area are a net source of atmospheric N2O.

scholarly journals Balance of potassium in two long-term field experiments with different fertilization treatments

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (No. 5) ◽  
pp. 225-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiří Balík ◽  
Jindřich Černý ◽  
Martin Kulhánek ◽  
Ondřej Sedlář ◽  
Pavel Suran
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Farmyard Manure ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Mineral Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Exchangeable K ◽  
Negative Balance

Balance of potassium (K) was observed in long-term stationary field experiments (21 years) at two sites with different soil and climatic conditions (Luvisol, Cambisol). The following crops were rotated within the trial: potatoes- winter wheat-spring barley. All three crops were grown each year. The trial comprised 6 treatments: (1) no fertilization; (2) farmyard manure; (3) half dose of farmyard manure + nitrogen (N) in mineral nitrogen fertilizers; (4) mineral nitrogen fertilizers; (5) NPK in mineral fertilizers; (6) straw of spring barley + N in mineral nitrogen fertilizers. The recovery rate of potassium from farmyard manure by crops was 24–26%, from mineral fertilizers it was 27–52%. Different fertilization intensities were manifested by significant differences in the content of exchangeable K in soil. Changes in non-exchangeable K (K<sub>ne</sub>) were recorded only at the Luvisol site (850 mg K<sub>ne</sub>/kg), but not at the Cambisol site (3000 mg K<sub>ne</sub>/kg). The maximum negative balance (–2376 kg K/ha/21 years) was recorded at the mineral nitrogen fertilization treatment.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document