scholarly journals DENITRIFICATION PECULIARITIES IN AGROCOENOSIS UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF MINERAL FERTILIZERS AND MICROBIAL PREPARATIONS

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 7-19
Author(s):  
V.V. Volkogon ◽  
S.B. Dimova ◽  
K.I. Volkogon ◽  
M.S. Komok ◽  
N.P. Shtan’ko
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Mineral Nitrogen ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Agricultural Crops ◽  
Substrate Use ◽  
Biological Denitrification ◽  
Denitrification Activity ◽  
Nitrite Respiration

The paper shows the results of studies of denitrification activityin root zone of spring barley, maize and potato under the use of mineralfertilizers and microbial preparations. It was established that applicationof optimal for the plants growth and development doses of fertilizershad restrained the biological denitrification activity due to the bothplants assimilation of mineral nitrogen and deprivation of rhizosphericmicroorganisms with nitrite respiration substrate. Use of physiologicallyungrounded doses of fertilizers especially when combining withmicrobial preparations had led to the significant loses of nitrogen dueto the denitrification. Thereby the application of microbial preparationsin agricultural crops growing technologies should be performed onoptimal agricultural backgrounds keeping biological denitrification atits lowest levels.

CULTIVATION TECHNOLOGY ELEMENTS INFLUENCE ON NEW SPRING BARLEY BREWING VARIETIES YIELDS

1970 ◽  
pp. 21-25
Author(s):  
O. A. Artyukhova ◽  
O. V. Gladysheva ◽  
V. A. Svirina
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Photosynthetic Apparatus ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Biological Indicators ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Mass Growth ◽  
Green Mass ◽  
Yield Structure ◽  
Cultivation Technology

The effect of applying various norms of mineral fertilizers on the biological indicators of crop plants during their growth and development in the Central non-black earth region in 2017-2019 was studied on the varieties of spring barley Vladimir, Reliable and Yaromir.such indicators as plant height, photosynthetic apparatus area, green mass growth, and elements of the yield structure were Studied. It was revealed that on average during the growing season, when the norms of mineral fertilizers were increased, the area of leaf plates increased and, as a result, the increase in green mass growth relative to the control variants increased by 56.3 % at (NРК)30, 82.3 % at (NРК)60, and 126.7 % at (NРК)90. The introduction of mineral fertilizers also influenced the formation of the crop structure. There was an increase in the tillering coefficient of varieties by 15.7%, 5.7 % and 21.3 % (Vladimir, Reliable and Yaromir, respectively) relative to the control, an increase in the number of grains in the ear from 15.1 to 22.4 PCs., the weight of 1000 grains from 48.0 to 55.7 g. and the weight of grain per ear from 0.7 to 1.2 g. There was a strong correlation between the doses of mineral fertilizers and the grain yield from + 0.80 to +1.0, and the variability was calculated.      

scholarly journals MICROBIAL PREPARATIONS IN AGRICULTURE CULTURAL TECHNOLOGIES AS A REGULATING FACTOR FOR THE ACTIVITY OF THE DENITRIFICATION PROCESS

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 3-11
Author(s):  
V. V. Volkohon ◽  
А. М. Moskalenko ◽  
S. B. Dimova ◽  
К. І. Volkohon ◽  
О. V. Pyrih ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
N2o Emission ◽  
Mineral Nitrogen ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Emission Rates ◽  
Rhizospheric Soil ◽  
Mineral Fertilization ◽  
Denitrification Process

Objective. To determine the features of potential N2O emission from the rhizospheric soil of plants under different crop fertilization systems. Methods. Field experiment, gas chromatographic methods. Results. In the field stationary experiment on leached chornozem during crop rotation in potato, spring barley, peas and winter wheat, it was shown that potential N2O losses from the rhizo-spheric soil of plants depend on fertilizing systems and microbial preparations. The losses of nitro-gen gaseous compounds are proportional to the standards of the applied mineral nitrogen fertiliz-ers. High N2O emission rates are observed in the first year of cattle manure application and during its after-effect. Emission of nitrous oxide also increases with organo-mineral fertilization. The use of microbial preparations in crop cultivation technologies: Biogran for potatoes, Mikrogumin for spring barley, Rhizogumin for peas, Polimiksobakteryn for winter wheat under the application of mineral fertilizers, contributes to a significant limitation of nitrogen gas losses. This is due to the increase of the absorption coefficients of the active substance from the fertilizers by bacterization-initiated plants and, consequently, the decrease in mineral nitrogen compounds in the rhizospheric soil. When growing potatoes by an organic agrarian background (40 t/ha of manure), the signifi-cant effect of Biogran on the course of the biological denitrification process has not been estab-lished, which can be explained by the formation of an intense pool of microorganisms under the use of manure, and the levelling of pre-sowing bacterization due to this effect. Conclusion. The use of microbial preparations for inoculation of agricultural seeds helps to reduce the emission of nitrous oxide from rhizospheric soil of plants under their cultivation by mineral agrarian backgrounds, which is important both economically and environmentally.

scholarly journals THE FEATURES THE AUTOTROPHIC AND HETEROTROPHIC NITRIFICATION IN THE ROOT ZONE OF WINTER RYE PLANTS UNDER THE USE OF MINERAL FERTILIZERS AND DIAZOBAKTERYN

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 44-51
Author(s):  
I. G. Korotka ◽  
V. V. Volkogon
Keyword(s):  
Significant Role ◽  
Rhizosphere Soil ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Heterotrophic Nitrification ◽  
Mineral Nitrogen ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Biological Transformation ◽  
Microbial Preparation

The paper depicts the study of mineral nitrogen and pre-sowing seeds bacteryzation on the development of nitrogen fixing bacteria and the activity of autotrophic and heterotrophic nitrification. It was revealed that nitrification activity in the root zone of winter rye plants rises together with the increase of mineral nitrogen doses. Heterotrophic nitrification plays a significant role in the formation of nitrate pool in the root zone, especially during the early stages of plants organogenesis. Application of the microbial preparation Diazobakteryn had enhanced the activity autotrophic and heterotrophic nitrification processes in the rhizosphere soil of plants in the spring, during the early stages of their development while during the next organogenesis phases the reduction of nitrification processes was observed. In plants-free soil the contribution of heterotrophic nitrification to biological transformation of nitrogen was negligible.

scholarly journals EFFICIENCY OF FERTILIZER APPLICATION IN GROUPS OF AGRICULTURAL CROPS DEPENDING ON THE LEVEL OF WATER REGIME IN THE ROSTOV REGION

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. N. Ilinskaya ◽  
◽  
V. A. Kulygin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Water Regime ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Maximum Effect ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Agricultural Crops ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Resource Saving ◽  
Grain Crops ◽  
Rostov Region

Purpose: to determine the efficiency of mineral fertilizers and the agricultural crops response degree for the main groups (cereals, fodder, legumes and industrial crops, potatoes and vegetables) during irrigation in the aspect of resource saving. Materials and methods: the research was carried out in the Central irrigated zone of Rostov region (FSUE “Semikarakorskoe”). The object of research is different groups of agricultural crops, their reaction to the nutrient status at different levels of moisture supply. The soils of the experimental site are represented by ordinary chernozems. Field observations, research and data processing were carried out according to generally accepted methods: B. A. Dospekhov, A. N. Kostyakov, M. M. Goryanskiy. Results: as a result of the research, it was revealed that regardless the fertilizer status, the calculated water regime contributes to the agricultural crops yield increase by an average of 1.6–3.2 times in comparison with dry conditions. The calculated soil water regime contributed to a significant increase in the efficiency of fertilizers relative to rainfed growing conditions. Under different mineral fertilizers backgrounds, the maximum effect from their use increased: in the group of grain crops (spring barley) by 3.09 times, fodder (alfalfa of previous years) by 2.93 times, legumes (peas) by 2.86 times and potatoes by 4.25 times. Conclusions: the greatest effect from the fertilizers application under irrigation conditions was shown by potatoes, vegetables and grain crops. The highest return on fertilizers by an increase in yield was noted in the cultivation of alfalfa (12.67–13.83 kg) and Sudanese grass (22.00–23.44 kg), as well as potatoes (26.37–24.22 kg) and vegetable crops (22.6–33.4 kg). A severe water regime with a slight decrease in the yield of agricultural crops contributes to the irrigation water saving up to 1050–1580 m3/ha, which is very urgent under conditions of water scarcity.

scholarly journals Balance of potassium in two long-term field experiments with different fertilization treatments

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (No. 5) ◽  
pp. 225-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiří Balík ◽  
Jindřich Černý ◽  
Martin Kulhánek ◽  
Ondřej Sedlář ◽  
Pavel Suran
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Farmyard Manure ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Mineral Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Exchangeable K ◽  
Negative Balance

Balance of potassium (K) was observed in long-term stationary field experiments (21 years) at two sites with different soil and climatic conditions (Luvisol, Cambisol). The following crops were rotated within the trial: potatoes- winter wheat-spring barley. All three crops were grown each year. The trial comprised 6 treatments: (1) no fertilization; (2) farmyard manure; (3) half dose of farmyard manure + nitrogen (N) in mineral nitrogen fertilizers; (4) mineral nitrogen fertilizers; (5) NPK in mineral fertilizers; (6) straw of spring barley + N in mineral nitrogen fertilizers. The recovery rate of potassium from farmyard manure by crops was 24–26%, from mineral fertilizers it was 27–52%. Different fertilization intensities were manifested by significant differences in the content of exchangeable K in soil. Changes in non-exchangeable K (K<sub>ne</sub>) were recorded only at the Luvisol site (850 mg K<sub>ne</sub>/kg), but not at the Cambisol site (3000 mg K<sub>ne</sub>/kg). The maximum negative balance (–2376 kg K/ha/21 years) was recorded at the mineral nitrogen fertilization treatment.

scholarly journals The Influence of Organic Fertilizers on the Abundance of Soil Microorganism Communities, Agrochemical Indicators, and Yield in East Lithuanian Light Soils

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2648
Author(s):  
Diana Sivojiene ◽  
Audrius Kacergius ◽  
Eugenija Baksiene ◽  
Aiste Maseviciene ◽  
Lina Zickiene
Keyword(s):  
Soil Microorganisms ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Poultry Manure ◽  
Mineral Nitrogen ◽  
Community Diversity ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Long Term Study ◽  
First Results ◽  
The Impact

Soil microorganisms are one of the main indicators used for assessing the stability of the soil ecosystem, the metabolism in the soil, and its fertility. The most important are the active soil microorganisms and the influence of the fertilizer applied to the soil on the abundance of these microorganisms. We aimed to investigate how the applied organic fertilizers affect the most active soil microorganisms, which determine the soil fertility and stability. Fungi, yeast-like fungi abundance, and abundance of three physiological groups of bacteria were analyzed: non-symbiotic diazotrophic, organotrophic, and mineral nitrogen assimilating. This study is valuable because relatively few similar studies have been performed on infertile Lithuanian soils. The first results of a long-term study were obtained. The results show the effect of fertilizers on trends in the changes of microorganism community diversity; however, more analysis is needed to assess the impact of organic fertilizers on the most active soil microorganisms. Therefore, the investigation was continued. The results of the 2020 quantitative analysis of culturable soil microorganisms show that the highest abundance of organotrophic and non-symbiotic diazotrophic bacteria were recorded during the summer season. Meanwhile, the abundance of bacteria assimilating mineral nitrogen and fungi was higher in autumn. Agrochemical parameters were determined at the beginning of the experiment. The highest concentration of Nmin in the soil was determined after fertilizing the plants with the combination of granulated poultry manure (N170) + biological substance Azotobacter spp. The yield of barley was calculated. It was found that the highest yield of spring barley in 2020 was obtained by fertilizing the experimental field with organic in combination with mineral fertilizers.

scholarly journals Ecological and biological conformity of conditions of the brewing barley cultivation zone

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 246-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Gorash ◽  
R. Klymyshena ◽  
V. Khomina ◽  
L. Vilchynska
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Energy Conditions ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Sowing Time ◽  
Vegetative Period

The correspondence of agro-ecological and climatic factors of the external environment of the industrial zone of brewing barley to the biological requirements of barley culture has been analyzed. The peculiarity of brewing barley in the formation of the crop and its quality is characterized by the necessity of directing, in the process of photosynthesis, the accumulation of the carbohydrate component of the grain more than in the protein content. The important role of ensuring these requirements depends mainly on the PAR of the long-wavelength range, especially during the second half of the growing season, during the growth and development of the grain. At this time, an important factor in ensuring the brewing quality of barley is the moisture supply of soil moisture, as it depends on the growth process of the grain. The barley culture belongs to the early spring cereals. Due to the changes in climatic conditions, which is directly related to the zone of industrial brewing of barley by analysis of ten-year temperature data, the favorable conditions for the growth and development of barley, the conditions of sowing in early spring have been found. In particular, sowing time is actually possible 20-25 days earlier than traditional, this is the first and second ten days of March. Conducted trial reconnaissance crops in the first decade of March ensured the effective development of plants and the formation of crops favorable to meet the quality requirements for the cultivation of products for the production of malt. The vegetative period of development before the onset of the generative has increased in plants up to 45 days, which by itself is a rather positive component of the efficiency of cultivation technology according to the results of the analysis of climatic factors of the zone of industrial production of brewing barley. As a result of analytical studies the improvement of ecological and biological compliance of spring barley development for the period 2010-2019 has been revealed. Due to the early onset of heat in March, there was a need to make adjustments to certain elements of technology based on appropriate research to ensure effective implementation of the agro-ecological resource of the area. The urgent tasks, with the aim of balanced processes of spring barley development to energy conditions of the environment, are research with seeding rate, row spacing, depth of seeds wrapping, application of mineral fertilizers.

scholarly journals Features of mineral nutrition of agricultural crops

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. N. Babichev ◽  
◽  
A. A. Babenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Nutrition ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Agricultural Crops ◽  
Critical Periods ◽  
Agrochemical Properties ◽  
Irrigated Lands ◽  
Fertilizer System

Purpose: to analyze the experience of applying mineral and organic fertilizers on dry and irrigated lands for the main agricultural crops. The overview of scientific research results, literature sources on applying a fertilizer system in agriculture, in which nutrients necessary for agricultural crops are introduced into the soil during the most critical periods of growth and development are presented. This paper considers the use of fertilizers, taking into account the utilization rates of available forms of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other elements necessary for plants from fertilizers and the root layer of the soil, clarifies the need to compensate for the removal of nutrients by the vegetative and generative parts of the crop, the rate of consumption of mineral nutrition elements by agrocenoses. The timing and methods of using organic and mineral fertilizers depend on the granulometric composition of the soil, the predecessor, the level of groundwater occurrence, the agrochemical properties of soils, the efficiency of the drainage network, weather and climatic conditions, the growth and development phase of the cultivated crop. Conclusion. The study of the works of domestic and foreign scientists on the timing, norms, types and methods of applying mineral and organic fertilizers for various agricultural crops cultivated on dry and irrigated lands, and the analysis of the studies allow us to conclude that in the conditions of digitalization of agricultural production, there is no consensus about the systems the use of mineral and organic fertilizers in the conditions of precision (precision) farming. Research in this area is promising at the present time and in the near future, especially when using modern means of diagnosing deficiencies in plant nutrients.

scholarly journals Impact of the depth of fertilizer localization on the nutrient regime of Luvic Chernic Phaozem and yield of spring barley

2021 ◽  
pp. 22-30
Author(s):  
V. M. Smychenko ◽  
◽  
M. M. Miroshnychenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Spring Barley ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Mineral Nitrogen ◽  
Local Application ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Hydrothermal Conditions ◽  
Nutrient Regime ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of the research is to determine the impact of the depth of local application of mineral fertilizers on the nutrient content in the arable layer of soil and the yield of spring barley. The studies were carried out during 2018 - 2020 in a temporary small-plot experiment. Soil – chernozem podzolized loamy (Luvic Chernic Phaeozem). The application of N60P60K60 in the form of nitroammophoska or a mixture of ammophos, ammonium nitrate and potassium chloride was compared to a depth of 10-12 cm and 20-22 cm from the soil surface. The row spacing of barley crops was 15 cm; the fertilizer tape was placed at a distance of 4-5 cm away from the row. Mixed soil samples were taken from fertilizer tapes twice during the growing season of barley (in the first half of the growing season and after harvesting). The weather conditions were quite contrasting: in 2018 it was dry at the beginning of the growing season and during grain ripening, in 2019 was dry only during the formation of grain, and in 2020 - rather humid and relatively cool during almost the entire growing season. At the beginning of the growing season of barley in 2018, the highest content of mineral nitrogen in the soil was found with a shallow location of the fertilizers, but in 2019-2020 - in case fertilizer tapes at 20-22 cm from the surface. Location of fertilizer at a depth of 20-22 cm also provided a higher level of mobile phosphorus and potassium in the soil than applying at a depth of 10-12 cm. After the barley harvest, the highest accumulation of mineral nitrogen in the soil in 2018 was found with shallow application and in 2019-2020 - with deeper application. A tendency of more accumulation of chlorophyll in plants was observed with an increase in the depth of fertilization. Local application of fertilizers gave a reliable increase in yield in all variants of the experiment. However, the increase was twice as high when placing the fertilizer tape was at a depth of 20-22 cm as at a depth of 10-12 cm. Application of nitroammophoska to a depth of 20-22 cm was more effective than mixtures of simple and complex fertilizers. It was concluded that the hydrothermal conditions of the growing season and the depth of the location of fertilizers mutually affect the nutrient regime of the soil. The advantage of deep fertilization is more significant under insufficient moisture.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF TECHNOLOGICAL METHODS OF SPRING BARLEY OF GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE RIGHT BANK FOREST-STEPPE ZONES

2020 ◽  
pp. 89-107
Author(s):  
Oleh Kolisnyk
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Weather Factors ◽  
Biological Products ◽  
Spring Variety ◽  
Technical Factors ◽  
The Right ◽  
Ground Mass

The barley is traditionally one of the leading cereal crops and occupies significant areas in Ukraine. However, despite the great potential of crop productivity, the yield and gross harvests of its grain are low and unstable by year, which is due to a complex of meteorological, agrobiological and agro-technical factors. The cumulative manifestation of negative factors or phenomena, or the significant prevalence of one of them, determines the size of the annual crop failure. The research was to identify the agrobiological features of spring barley and define the need to develop effective technological measures for its cultivation, aimed at increasing the adaptability of plants to adverse environmental conditions, taking into account the variation of weather factors, the genotype of the variety, its response to the use of micro and macro-fertilizers appropriate doses, methods and timing of their use depending on the preceding crops (winter wheat, corn a) in the conditions of economy. To achieve this goal it was supposed to solve the following problems: - to establish the influence of technological measures of cultivation on field germination and density of standing plants of spring barley; - to investigate the features of growth, development and formation of the density of plant stem depending on the precursor and the use of micro- and macro-fertilizers and biological products; - to find out the influence of complex application of mineral fertilizers and biological products on assimilation activity and water consumption of crops - determine the growth rate of the above-ground mass of plants under the influence of the investigated agromeasures; - to identify the peculiarities of the elements formation of the ear structure, yield and quality of grain under the influence of the complex action of agro-technical factors; The scientific novelty of the study is determined by the fact that, for the first time, , the patterns of plant growth and development, the productivity of barley spring variety Sovir are revealed in the conditions of the Forest-Steppe of the Right Bank. It is theoretically substantiated and experimentally proved the possibility of stabilizing the productivity of spring barley crops by enhancing the adaptive functions of plants by selecting preceding crops, using biological products and fertilizers. The results of the influence of the complex application of micro- and macro-fertilizers and biological products on the growth processes of spring barley, the peculiarities of the increase of the above-ground mass of plants, the formation of elements of the structure of the yield, the economic evaluation of the studies. Key words: barley, hydrothermal conditions, inoculation, structural analysis, grain, yield.

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