scholarly journals Waterbath Calibrator with Nine Channels Sensor

Author(s):  
Mohammad Rofi'i ◽  
Syafudin Syaifudin ◽  
Dyah Titisari ◽  
Bedjo Utomo

Water bath is a laboratory equipment that contains water or special liquid that can maintain the temperature under certain conditions during the specified time interval. For this reason, calibration is needed so that the temperature in the chamber waterbath is stable or not. calibration is carried out by comparing measuring instruments and measuring materials to be calibrated to traceable standards that are traceable to national and / or international standards. Based on the results of the identification of the problems mentioned above, the author makes a waterbath calibrator entitled "Waterbath Calibrator (9 channel)" which is very practical, and easy to operate. .This calibration tool uses a K type thermocouple sensor and also the output is displayed to the character LCD to make it easier for users to retrieve data, the reason for choosing a thermocouple sensor is because the error rate is +/- 1,1C while the LM35 is +/- 1,4C. The thermocouple temperature sensor can detect the chamber temperature quite well where the biggest error is obtained with a comparator of 2%, and the lowest error is 0%.

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1(21)) ◽  
pp. 22-31
Author(s):  
David Bidzinashvili

The new Corona-virus and the contagious disease which it causes, the so called COVID 19, put forward the serious challenges for many countries all over the world and for Georgia among them. Almost the whole world is facing very serious obstacles on the international and national levels. Too many problems emerged in the world countries. To resist against the new disease has become the main priority for each country. The global processes caused by the pandemics have influenced the audit service as well. The uncertainty and unpredictability caused the new risks of deficiencies and activated already existed ones in the new environment. The situation became more complicated due to the fact that it can happen that the auditors do not consider the mentioned risks in the process of planning for audits or the risks may be considered mistakenly. The firms and other economical institutions in which the audit is carried out are obliged to adopt the new rules and changing environments in which their businesses function; they should change the rules of fulfilling the operation, preparing the financial accounts, the processes of their representing the information processes, safety of information shown in the financial accounts, the rules of their preparing; they also evaluate the possibilities of keeping on their activities in the nearest future. The qualified performing of the audit implies the basical elemenst which helps to create such environment where the possibility of the high level audit will be at the maximum. Implementing the quality control implies that such system will include two stages; each of them is directed towards providing the audit processes according the international standards There are several types of the quality improvement system. In all of them the main variable value represents the amount of costs for the proper system. All countries choose the system which provides benefits taking the costs into consideration. There are four main stages in the process of implementation the system which will ensure the high quality audit. Here are four main stages shown in the process of implementation:  The first stage: to carry out diagnostic observation;  The second stage: stating the view;  The third sage: working out the system;  The fourth stage: implementation of the system. The firms and other economical institutions where the audit is carried out are obliged to be reliable with their activities in the changing situation in which their businesses function. The subjects change the rules of carrying out the usual operations, change the open information given in the financial accounts, and estimate the possibilities of maintaining the existing possibilities for the nearest future. It is important to revise some standards out of Audit International Standards and to make them fit for revealing and assessing the risks of essential mistakes and discrepencies. The controlled variation of the standard regulates such issues as the newly corrected risks caused by influences of COVID-19 pandemic on the planned approaches to the audit and also, evaluation of the risks already defined and making changes in them taking into consideration the influence of the errors in the risk evaluations and influence made upon the planned evaluations and audits the changes of which will influence the evaluations of the risks in the inner control of the subject on the previously made imagination of the control environment, in order to define the measures to be taken in order to change the reactions to the mistakes using different measures in order to reach the trustful mechanisms to rely on. International standards of audit– answering to the assessed risks, the checked variation of the standard implies that it maybecome necessary to change the measures of reaction to the changes in the circumstances in order to obtain enough reliable measures and activities to control the situation by means of enough auditory evidences. The auditor has responsibilities to take into consideration that largening the deadlines will cause growth of the period and the risks of the dates of events which will happen in the time interval between accountability date and the date of the conclusion made by audit, the audit is also responsible for any event taking place later in relation to the Covid-19 situation. He is responsible also for evaluation of the fact about financial information. The enterprise functioning within nowadays complex environment taking into consideration the situation of COVID 19, should consider such priority issues as the uncertainty accompanying the Covid situation, related covenants, and others which accompany the pandemic period, among them the region, the financial state of customers and dealers, liquidating and paying capacity. During the process of the risk assessments it should considered that Covid 19 pandemic greatly influenced the global economics and the separate branches such as hotels business, retail sail, tourism and others. As a result of pandemic, it is possible that the number of audit considerations and thee circumstances can modify them which can be conditioned by different circumstances and the audit will state if there are incorrectable improper conditioned due to the circumstances. The audit will make it certain there are unimprovable mistakes which apart and together are essential for the financial accountability and the auditor will conclude that they cannot acquire the proper conditioned which apart or together could be essential financial accounts or the audit will conclude that they are not able to the essential accountability. Important researches were led to assess the appeared situation and it was concluded that the COVID 19 pandemic had influenced the financial situation which showed that the specific actions and procedures became complicated.


Author(s):  
Debarpan Bhattacharya ◽  
Pranabendra Prasad Chandra ◽  
Biswajit Bhattacharyya ◽  
Sugata Munshi

2008 ◽  
Vol 381-382 ◽  
pp. 599-602 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Velychko

According to international standards the accredited calibration and testing laboratories are required to use reliable measuring instruments and to estimate an uncertainty of measurements. The variety of software tools and the different approaches taken will almost certainly ensure that for each laboratory there is a software package which will meet the needs. In this paper, several a software packages are made according to their validation for comparison. Briefly general principles of validating uncertainty analysis software packages are described. Briefly used validation methods are described.


Author(s):  
E. V. Borisenko ◽  
I. V. Buyanova

A serious barrier to the sale of products on the market is the trust in organizations that perform measurements during product testing, as well as calibration (verification) of the used measuring instruments. Confidence and recognition of measurement results at the international level is ensured through an accreditation mechanism. To ensure effective functioning at the international level, accreditation organizations enter into a multilateral agreement that provides for the use of common standards in the conduct of accreditation. One of the important requirements of these standards is the implementation and demonstration of metrological traceability, which is a tool for ensuring the uniformity of measurements.


Author(s):  
Andri Ulus Rahayu

This research is created as a system for a car rental service. The system has monitoring features allowing the car rental owner to monitor the engine condition. The monitoring is performed by using a web interface that could read data from OBD-II that sent by raspberry pi 2. The owner can also monitor the position of the car by using coordinates sent from a smartphone by utilizing the GPS feature. In addition, it also has a reporting feature that allows the owner to track the data history from OBD II about the engine rpm, speed, engine load & temperature. Moreover, the owners can identify the route that has been passed by their car. Likewise, this system provides a program that analyzes the car driver's behavior based on the determined rules. The analysis was conducted based on all data from OBD-II in the database server and all data of driving rules violation performed by the driver. The result is an assessment of the driver as a driving error rate. This study generated 173 data of which 9 were driving rules violations with a 5.20% driving error rate. The report can be obtained by selecting the time interval. It also downloadable and can be sent by e-mail.


2020 ◽  
pp. 40-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. M. Dziabenko

When organizing metrological activity at an enterprise, the question arises of the need to organize verification (metrological confirmation) of measuring equipment that is not used in the field of legislatively regulated. In the international standards «Quality Management Systems» (ISO 9001, EN 9100, AQAP-2110), to ensure that the requirements of Section 7.1.5 «Resources for Monitoring and Measurement» are met, the requirement is established that all measuring equipment, as part of a measurement management system, must have metrological confirmation in accordance with the requirements of ISO 10012. Metrological confirmation provides for the calibration and verification of measuring equipment. Laboratory specialists who carry out metrological confirmation of measuring instruments, establish a relationship between the values of the values that provide the standards, and the result of measuring this quantity using measuring instruments (carry out calibration), based on this ratio establish the conformity / non-compliance of the measuring instruments with the established requirements (carry out verification) and draw up the corresponding supporting document. After comparing the concepts of metrological confirmation and verification of measuring instruments, we can conclude that metrological confirmation (calibration and verification) of measuring equipment is essentially nothing more than verification of measuring instruments. Metrological activities to ensure the uniformity of measurements in enterprises should comply with the requirements of ISO 10012: 2003. This standard establishes general requirements and contains recommendations for the management of measurement processes and metrological confirmation of the suitability of measuring equipment, which is used to maintain and demonstrate compliance with metrological requirements. Compliance with the requirements set forth in the ISO 10012 standard makes it possible to ensure compliance with the measurement requirements and the management of measurement processes established by the international standards «Quality Management Systems».


1988 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 206
Author(s):  
P.H. Sydenham ◽  
N.A. Morgan ◽  
M. Anfiteatro

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Juruan F. De Witt ◽  
Stephanie Griffith-Richards ◽  
Richard D. Pitcher

Background: The Division of Radiodiagnosis at Tygerberg Academic Hospital, a 1384-bed tertiary training institution in Cape Town, South Africa provides a comprehensive 24-hour clinical radiology service, and has a duty registrar on-site at all times. The demand for computed tomography (CT) imaging is increasing and plays a pivotal role in patient management.Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine the accuracy of after-hour registrar CT reporting, to identify possible factors that may affect the error rate, and to assess whether or not errors had any clinical impact.Method: A set of senior registrar reports (provisional reports) issued during a 28-day period was compared with the corresponding consultant reports (final reports). Discrepancies were identified and quantified, based on their impact on patient management.Results: The overall discrepancy rate was 8% (18 out of 225) and the overall accuracy rate was 92% (207 out of 225). The major error rate was 4% (9 out of 225) and the minor error rate was also 4% (9 out of 225).Conclusion: We observed that the accuracy of after-hour CT reporting by senior registrars at the Division of Radiodiagnosis at Tygerberg Hospital was on par with international standards. We investigated three factors which may have affected discrepancy rates, and only found one factor, namely the time of day, to be significant. Steps can be taken to create awareness of this fact amongst registrars, which hopefully would result in improved patient care and management.


1993 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 239-240
Author(s):  
I. V. Klyushkin ◽  
K. T. Valeeva ◽  
E. E. Krasnoshchekova

With the creation of new measuring instruments equipped with automation elements and powerful computer systems, the prospect of a qualitatively new level of laboratory diagnostics has arisen. Currently, large diagnostic laboratories are being equipped with equipment from well-known companies in Japan, USA, Germany, Austria, Switzerland. Research opportunities in the field of hematology, clinical biochemistry, immunology, microbiology have expanded significantly.


2021 ◽  
pp. 004051752110571
Author(s):  
Tin Wai Cheung ◽  
Tao Liu ◽  
Mei Yu Yao ◽  
Yifei Tao ◽  
He Lin ◽  
...  

Textiles are conventionally utilized as the raw materials for making clothing and complementary accessories. To keep abreast of the times, a new direction of integrating textiles into electronic technology has been given in order to develop a temperature-sensing device with outstanding built-in flexibility, versality and softness. In this study, a flexible construction of the textile-based thermocouple temperature sensor via an industrial-and-technological-based weaving process was designed. The feasible arrangement of the conductive textile materials in the warp and weft directions related to the temperature-sensing ability was studied in detail, and significant linearity was shown in the range of 5–50[Formula: see text] with different groups of combinations of the conductive yarns. More cross-intersections and ‘hot junctions’ resulted from the 3 × 3 warp–weft arrangement, offering higher stability and accuracy in thermal sensation. Besides, the resistance of the thermocouple remained almost constant under different degrees of bending. The relationship between the resistance and the bending flexibility was also investigated over a range of temperature.


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