scholarly journals Collapse Mechanism of Strong Column Weak Beam Buildings of Varying Heights

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 4144-4148 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Damage ◽  
Shear Displacement ◽  
Failure Pattern ◽  
Collapse Mechanism ◽  
Structural Components ◽  
Base Shear ◽  
Plastic Hinges ◽  
Weak Beam ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
Life Threatening

During past earthquakes column plastic hinges are more important than beam hinges which gives rise to global structural damage and high life threatening risk. All the structural components transfers their forces through column and then column shares it with foundation to soil, so u can imagine if column fails whole structure can collapse this is strong beam weak column concept. In this paper collapse mechanism of three buildings 5, 12 and 15 storey heights are investigated for strong column weak beam concept. The structure is designed for zone 5 and medium soil. The aim of this work is to determine the static non-linear performance of three buildings of varying heights, each storey height is 3m and each bay width is 5m, the width of the building in X and Y direction is 20m. The heights of the buildings are 15m, 36m and 45m. The parameters which are obtained from the analysis are base shear, displacement and hinge formations in the structure. The base shear and displacement of the structures increases with an increase in strong column weak beam concepts. The hinge formations in the low-rise building involved beam failures where as the hinge formation in mid-rise buildings involves mixed failure pattern involving beams and columns.

scholarly journals Non-Linear Performance of Strong Column Weak Beam RC Frame Building

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 22-26
Keyword(s):  
Pushover Analysis ◽  
Rc Frame ◽  
Lateral Loads ◽  
Base Shear ◽  
Plastic Hinges ◽  
Frame Building ◽  
Weak Beam ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
Rc Frame Building

Buildings are designed in different methods for resisting the lateral loads, in which strong column weak beam concept is one of the methods of designing, this method is used to avoiding the global failure of the structure In this work 3bay 5 story RC frame building is consider for the analysis, the structures are design strong column weak beam with the help of static non-linear pushover analysis of RC frame building with increasing the percentage of column sizes 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100%. By varying with percentage of columns resistances of structure is increased. The parameters base shear, story displacement, and hinge formations in the structure is obtained from this analysis. The base shear and displacement are increased by increasing the column sizes, these parameters are discussed the results in detail. Comparing the all six model results the base shear in increased by 266.64% when the column size is increased by 100%. From this analysis we can reduce the failure in the structure during the earthquake. Formation of plastic hinges in column changes to beam by increasing the column size, so increase the capacity of structure. The building is analyzed by using SAP2000.

Sustained sleep deprivation impairs host defense

1993 ◽  
Vol 265 (5) ◽  
pp. R1148-R1154 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. Everson
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Deprivation ◽  
Host Defense ◽  
Structural Damage ◽  
Clinical Chemistry ◽  
Regulatory System ◽  
Febrile Response ◽  
Organic Dysfunction ◽  
Threatening Condition ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Postmortem Examinations

Prolonged sleep deprivation in rats causes an unexplained hypercatabolic state, secondary malnutrition symptoms, and mortality. The nature of the vital impairment has long been a mystery. Its determination would help to elucidate the type of organic dysfunction that sleep prevents. There are no gross detectable disturbances in intermediary metabolism, clinical chemistry, or hematological indexes that provide substantial clues to the mediation of sleep-deprivation effects. Furthermore, postmortem examinations reveal no systematic morphological or histopathological findings. Taken together, the cachexia and the absence of evidence of structural damage or organ dysfunction pointed to involvement of a regulatory system that was diffuse, possibly the immune system. Blood cultures revealed invasion by opportunistic microbes to which there was no febrile response. These results suggest that the life-threatening condition of prolonged sleep deprivation is a breakdown of host defense against indigenous and pathogenic microorganisms.

scholarly journals Studi Perbandingan Analisis Struktur Rumah 2 Lantai Menggunakan Kayu Glulam dan Kayu Solid Terhadap Beban Gempa. (Hal. 85-94)

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 85
Author(s):  
Ramdhan Taufik ◽  
Erma Desmaliana ◽  
Amatulhay Pribadi
Keyword(s):  
Construction Material ◽  
Pushover Analysis ◽  
Solid Wood ◽  
Wood Products ◽  
Basic Material ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Base Shear ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Immediate Occupancy

ABSTRAKKondisi geografis Indonesia memiliki struktur tektonik kompleks. Kondisi ini membuat perencanaan rumah tinggal 2 (dua) lantai membutuhkan pertimbangan khusus dari segi kekuatan dan kekakuan. Penggunaan material kayu sebagai bahan konstruksi di Indonesia masih jarang digunakan. Kayu glulam adalah suatu produk kayu rekayasa yang dibuat dari beberapa bilah kayu yang direkatkan dengan arah sejajar serat menggunakan perekat berupa lem. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi respon struktur pada rumah tinggal menggunakan material kayu glulam dan solid dengan bantuan program ETABS 2016. Berdasarkan analisis yang telah dilakukan, diperoleh nilai periode struktur, gaya geser dasar, dan simpangan antar lantai antara seluruh model menunjukan hasil yang berbeda, perbedaan diakibatkan dari hasil konversi berat jenis dan modulus of elastisity berdasarkan BS EN 1194:1999. Berdasarkan analisis non-linier pushover didapatkan bahwa kayu glulam Nyatoh (kayu kelas III) berada pada level pada kinerja B to IO (Immediate Occupancy), dimana hasil tersebut tidak berbeda jauh dengan kayu solid Bangkirai (kayu kelas I).Kata Kunci: rumah tinggal, kayu glulam, non-linier pushover ABSTRACTGeographical condition of Indonesia has a complex tectonic structure. These conditions create  2-storyhome-planning that require special consideration in terms of strength and rigidity. The use of wood as a construction material in Indonesia is still rarely used. Glulam wood is a wood products engineering made from wooden slats several glued with the direction of the parallel fibers using adhesives. This research aims to identify the structure of the response at home using basic material glulam and solid wood with the help of ETABS 2016 programs. Based on the analysis that has been done, obtained the value of the structure periode, base shear force, and interstory drift between all models show different results, the difference is due to the results of specific gravity conversion and modulus of elasticity base on BS EN 1194:1999. Based on non-linear pushover analysis, it shows that Nyatoh glulam wood (class III wood) was at the level of the B to IO (Immediate Occupancy) performance, where the results were not much different from Bangkirai solid wood (class I wood).Keywords: home livingstructure, glulam wood, non-linear pushover

Piping System Structural Integrity Simulation for Post LOCA Water Hammer Loads

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. W. Manning ◽  
T. Stevens ◽  
G. Morandin ◽  
R. G. Sauve´ ◽  
R. Richards ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Damage ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Water Hammer ◽  
Piping System ◽  
Linear Modeling ◽  
Linear Elastic ◽  
Beam Elements ◽  
Loss Of Coolant Accident ◽  
Loss Of Coolant ◽  
Non Linear

The Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission (CNSC) required as part of the operating license for Ontario Power Generation’s Darlington Nuclear Generating Station, that the structural integrity of the piping following a loss of coolant accident (LOCA) be demonstrated. This is necessary to ensure that no subsequent pressure boundary failures will impede the ability to maintain fuel cooling. The injection of cold emergency coolant following a LOCA creates the potential for the occurrence of condensation-induced water hammers (CIWH) in the primary heat transport (PHT) system piping. Classical linear elastic piping analysis using the class 1 NB-3656 rules of the ASME Boiler & Pressure Vessel Code failed to demonstrate the adequacy of the piping and/or its supports that were designed using the linear elastic rules of subsection NF for nine of the twelve piping models that comprise the PHT system. A decision was made to undertake a state-of-the-art non-linear explicit analysis in order to qualify the piping. Strain rather than stress limits would be applied similar to those being developed by ASME for nuclear packaging undergoing accidental impact during transportation. In order to address the feasibility of this approach, a non-linear analysis was performed on a portion of one of the piping systems. The piping was modeled as shells and again as beam elements with and without detailed modeling of the supports. After these initial simulations, it was determined that the piping could be modeled with simplified beam elements, however, the supports would require a more detailed modeling in order to determine the extent of support damage and the effect the supports have on the integrity of the piping system itself. This paper addresses the non-linear modeling of the piping models and discusses the modeling details, assumptions and analysis results. This approach is shown to be a useful alternative for predicting the extent of structural damage that can be expected by a Level D event such as a condensation induced water hammer following a loss of coolant accident.

Chapter 2 Seismic hazard

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. W. Musson
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Hazard ◽  
Structural Damage ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Earthquake Hazard ◽  
Moment Magnitude ◽  
Construction Site ◽  
Fault Surface ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
The Uk

AbstractIt is often thought that earthquakes do not occur in the UK; however, the seismicity of the UK is usually classified as low-to-moderate. On average, a magnitude 3.2 Mw moment magnitude or larger earthquake occurs once per year, and 4.2 Mw or larger every 10 years. The latter is capable of causing non-structural damage to property. The damage caused by British earthquakes is generally not life-threatening, and no-one has been killed in a British earthquake (at the time of writing, May 2013) since 1940. Damage is caused by shaking, not by ground rupture, so the discovery of a fault surface trace at a construction site is not something to be worried about as far as seismic hazard is concerned. For most ordinary construction in the UK, earthquake hazard can be safely discounted; this is not the case with high-consequence facilities such as dams, bridges and nuclear power plants.

Non-Linear Step-by-Step Seismic Response and the Push-Over Analysis Comparison of a Reinforced Concrete of Ductile Frames 15 Level Building

2008 ◽  
Vol 385-387 ◽  
pp. 229-232
Author(s):  
Jorge A. Avila ◽  
Eduardo Martínez
Keyword(s):  
Lateral Displacement ◽  
Time History ◽  
Seismic Zone ◽  
Lateral Loads ◽  
Base Shear ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
Story Drift ◽  
Lateral Displacements ◽  
Group B ◽  
Level Building

Based on a ductile frames 15 level building, a non-linear analysis with increased monotonically lateral loads (Push-Over) was made in order to determine its collapse and its principal responses were compared against the elastic and inelastic time-history seismic responses determined with the SCT-EW-85 record. The seismic-resistance design and faced to gravitational loads was made according to the Complementary Technical Norms of Concrete Structures Design (NTC-Concrete) and the NTC-Seismic of the Mexico City Code (RDF-04), satisfying the limit service states (relative lateral displacement between story height maximum relations, story drifts ≤ 0.012) and failure (seismic behavior factor, Q= 3). The compressible (soft) seismic zone IIIb and the office use type (group B) were considered. The non-linear responses were determined with nominal and over-resistance effects. The comparison were made with base shear force–roof lateral displacement relations, global distribution of plastic hinges, failure mechanics tendency, lateral displacements and story drift and its distribution along the height of the building, local and global ductility demands, etc. For the non-linear static analysis with increased monotonically lateral loads, it was important to select the type of lateral forces distribution.

Nonlinear Dynamic Finite Analysis of BFRP-Strengthened Masonry Structure Based on ABAQUS

2014 ◽  
Vol 936 ◽  
pp. 1331-1335
Author(s):  
Zhen Lei ◽  
Yong Wang ◽  
Jun Tong Qu
Keyword(s):  
Nonlinear Dynamic ◽  
Structural Damage ◽  
Failure Process ◽  
Dynamical Analysis ◽  
Base Shear ◽  
Confined Masonry ◽  
Damage And Failure ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Concrete Damage ◽  
Strengthening Technique

The externally bonded FRP is an effective strengthening technique, which is mainly verified through laboratory tests. In this paper, numerical analysis models were established in ABAQUS respectively based on an experimental scaled three-story confined masonry structures before and after strengthened with BFRP. Then dynamical analysis considering material nonlinearity, geometric nonlinearity and contact nonlinearity was carried out on these two models. Here, representative volume element method was used to simplify the simulation of masonry. Besides, concrete damage plasticity model was adopted to simulate the structural damage and failure process. The reliability and accuracy of nonlinear dynamic finite analysis were validated by comparing the numerical simulation results and experimental results in terms of dynamic property, displacement and acceleration response and the maximum base shear.

scholarly journals Sloshing response of partially filled rectangular tank under periodic horizontal ground motion.

2018 ◽  
Vol 172 ◽  
pp. 01005
Author(s):  
Amiya Pandit ◽  
Kishore Chandra Biswal
Keyword(s):  
Structural Damage ◽  
Hydrodynamic Pressure ◽  
Structural Instability ◽  
Liquid System ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Base Shear ◽  
Rectangular Tank ◽  
Internal Objects ◽  
Forced Vibration Analysis

The event caused due to the movement of the unrestricted free surface liquid in container due to any external excitation is known as sloshing. The problem of liquid sloshing phenomenon in stationary or in moving container is a great matter of concern for many researchers and engineers. The containers may range from a cup of milk, ponds, and lakes to fuel tanks of launching vehicles and cargo ships carrying variety of liquids such as oil, liquefied natural gas, and chemical fluids. As a result of sloshing there is spillage of liquid from the containers and it causes structural instability and structural damage. Due to these reasons, liquid retaining structures which are special in construction and in function from an engineering point of view must be constructed well to be resistant against oscillation of the liquid due to external excitations. The amount of liquid participating in the sloshing motion depends on the shape of tank, the liquid depth, internal objects, if any, orientation, duration, amplitude, and frequency contents of external excitations. This present study focuses on the forced vibration analysis of partially filled two-dimensional rigid rectangular tank numerically. A Finite element (FE) code in two dimensions is developed to understand the behavior of sloshing. This method is competent enough of evaluating both impulsive and convective response of tank-liquid system in terms of base shear and hydrodynamic pressure distribution along the walls of the containers.

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