scholarly journals High Speed Parallel SAD Architecture Implementation on FPGA for HEVC encoder

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 1235-1238
Keyword(s):  
Motion Estimation ◽  
Video Compression ◽  
High Speed ◽  
High Performance ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Block Size ◽  
Video Encoding ◽  
Computational Time ◽  
Absolute Difference ◽  
Asymmetric Mode

Video compression is a very complex and time consuming task which generally pursuit high performance. Motion Estimation (ME) process in any video encoder is responsible to primarily achieve the colossal performance which contributes to significant compression gain. Summation of Absolute Difference (SAD) is widely applied as distortion metric for ME process. With the increase in block size to 64×64 for real time applications along with the introduction of asymmetric mode motion partitioning(AMP) in High Efficiency Video Encoding (HEVC)causes variable block size motion estimation very convoluted. This results in increase in computational time and demands for significant requirement of hardware resources. In this paper parallel SAD hardware circuit for ME process in HEVC is propound where parallelism is used at various levels. The propound circuit has been implemented using Xilinx Virtex-5 FPGA for XC5VLX20T family. Synthesis results shows that the propound circuit provides significant reduction in delay and increase in frequency in comparison with results of other parallel architectures.

scholarly journals A Motion Estimation based Algorithm for Encoding Time Reduction in HEVC

2022 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-66
Author(s):  
S. Karthik Sairam ◽  
P. Muralidhar
Keyword(s):  
Motion Estimation ◽  
Video Coding ◽  
Video Compression ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Search Algorithm ◽  
Video Quality ◽  
Search Pattern ◽  
Absolute Difference ◽  
High Efficiency Video Coding ◽  
Search Patterns

High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) is a video compression standard that offers 50% more efficiency at the expense of high encoding time contrasted with the H.264 Advanced Video Coding (AVC) standard. The encoding time must be reduced to satisfy the needs of real-time applications. This paper has proposed the Multi- Level Resolution Vertical Subsampling (MLRVS) algorithm to reduce the encoding time. The vertical subsampling minimizes the number of Sum of Absolute Difference (SAD) computations during the motion estimation process. The complexity reduction algorithm is also used for fast coding the coefficients of the quantised block using a flag decision. Two distinct search patterns are suggested: New Cross Diamond Diamond (NCDD) and New Cross Diamond Hexagonal (NCDH) search patterns, which reduce the time needed to locate the motion vectors. In this paper, the MLRVS algorithm with NCDD and MLRVS algorithm with NCDH search patterns are simulated separately and analyzed. The results show that the encoding time of the encoder is decreased by 55% with MLRVS algorithm using NCDD search pattern and 56% with MLRVS using NCDH search pattern compared to HM16.5 with Test Zone (TZ) search algorithm. These results are achieved with a slight increase in bit rate and negligible deterioration in output video quality.

An Efficient Algorithm for Fast Block Motion Estimation in High Efficiency Video Coding

2016 ◽  
pp. 132-150
Author(s):  
Murugesan Ezhilarasan ◽  
Kumar K. Nirmal ◽  
P. Thambidurai
Keyword(s):  
Motion Estimation ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Search Time ◽  
Temporal Correlation ◽  
Block Matching ◽  
Video Encoding ◽  
Computational Time ◽  
High Efficiency Video Coding ◽  
Block Matching Algorithm ◽  
Estimation Algorithms

The Motion Estimation is an indispensable module in the design of video encoder. It employs Block Matching algorithm which involves searching a candidate block in the entire search window of the reference frame taking up to 80% of the total video encoding time. In order to increase the efficiency, several Block Matching Algorithms are employed to minimize the computational time involved in block matching. The chapter throws light on an efficient approach to be applied to the existing Block Matching Search techniques in HEVC which outperforms the various Block Matching algorithms. It involves two steps namely – Prediction and Refinement. The prediction step considers two parameters such as the temporal correlation and the direction to predict the MV of the candidate block. Several combinations of the search points are formulated in the refinement step of the algorithm to minimize the search time. The results depict that the Efficient Motion Estimation schemes provide a faster search minimizing the computational time upon comparison with the existing Motion Estimation algorithms.

Parallel Full Search Algorithm for Motion Estimation on Graphic Processing Unit

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 317-323
Author(s):  
Fatma Ezzahra Sayadi ◽  
Marwa Chouchene ◽  
Haithem Bahri ◽  
Randa Khemiri ◽  
Mohamed Atri
Keyword(s):  
Motion Estimation ◽  
Video Compression ◽  
High Performance ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Search Algorithm ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Video Quality ◽  
Processing Unit ◽  
High Efficiency Video Coding ◽  
Nvidia Gpu

Background: Advances in video compression technology have been driven by everincreasing processing power available in software and hardware. Methods: The emerging High-Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) standard aims to provide a doubling in coding efficiency with respect to the H.264/AVC high profile, delivering the same video quality at half the bit rate. Results: Thus, the results show high computational complexity. In both standards, the motion estimation block presents a significant challenge in clock latency since it consumes more than 40% of the total encoding time. For these reasons, we proposed an optimized implementation of this algorithm on a low-cost NVIDIA GPU developed with CUDA language. Conclusion: This optimized implementation can provide high-performance video encoder where the speed reaches about 85.

scholarly journals Research on Distance Transform and Neural Network Lidar Information Sampling Classification-Based Semantic Segmentation of 2D Indoor Room Maps

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 1365
Author(s):  
Tao Zheng ◽  
Zhizhao Duan ◽  
Jin Wang ◽  
Guodong Lu ◽  
Shengjie Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
High Speed ◽  
High Performance ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Semantic Segmentation ◽  
Raspberry Pi ◽  
Distance Transform ◽  
Testing Stage ◽  
Sampling Points ◽  
Information Sampling

Semantic segmentation of room maps is an essential issue in mobile robots’ execution of tasks. In this work, a new approach to obtain the semantic labels of 2D lidar room maps by combining distance transform watershed-based pre-segmentation and a skillfully designed neural network lidar information sampling classification is proposed. In order to label the room maps with high efficiency, high precision and high speed, we have designed a low-power and high-performance method, which can be deployed on low computing power Raspberry Pi devices. In the training stage, a lidar is simulated to collect the lidar detection line maps of each point in the manually labelled map, and then we use these line maps and the corresponding labels to train the designed neural network. In the testing stage, the new map is first pre-segmented into simple cells with the distance transformation watershed method, then we classify the lidar detection line maps with the trained neural network. The optimized areas of sparse sampling points are proposed by using the result of distance transform generated in the pre-segmentation process to prevent the sampling points selected in the boundary regions from influencing the results of semantic labeling. A prototype mobile robot was developed to verify the proposed method, the feasibility, validity, robustness and high efficiency were verified by a series of tests. The proposed method achieved higher scores in its recall, precision. Specifically, the mean recall is 0.965, and mean precision is 0.943.

High speed SAD architecture for variable block size motion estimation in HEVC encoder

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vu Nam Dinh ◽  
Hoang Anh Phuong ◽  
Duong Viet Duc ◽  
Phung Thi Kieu Ha ◽  
Pham Van Tien ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motion Estimation ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Block Size ◽  
Variable Block

An Improved Object-Based Video Segmentation Method

2012 ◽  
Vol 220-223 ◽  
pp. 2445-2449
Author(s):  
Wen Dan Xu ◽  
Xin Quan Lai ◽  
Dong Lai Xu
Keyword(s):  
Motion Estimation ◽  
Video Compression ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Video Segmentation ◽  
Error Function ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Video Frame ◽  
Merging Process ◽  
Initial Segmentation ◽  
Two Stages

This paper presents an improved video segmentation scheme, which consists of two stages: initial segmentation and motion estimation. In the initial segmentation, the watershed transformation followed by a region adjacency graph guided region merging process is used to partition the first video frame into spatial homogenous regions. Then the motion of changed region is estimated. Based on the highly efficient quadratic motion model, the motion estimation is undertaken using Gauss-Newton Levenberg-Marquardt method to minimize the least-square error function. Experimental results show the proposed scheme provides high performance in terms of segmentation accuracy and video compression ratio.

scholarly journals Video Compression for Screen Recorded Sequences Following Eye Movements

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego Jesus Serrano-Carrasco ◽  
Antonio Jesus Diaz-Honrubia ◽  
Pedro Cuenca
Keyword(s):  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Video Coding ◽  
Video Compression ◽  
High Performance ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Tracking System ◽  
Bit Rate ◽  
Video Traffic ◽  
High Efficiency Video Coding ◽  
Perceptual Video Coding

AbstractWith the advent of smartphones and tablets, video traffic on the Internet has increased enormously. With this in mind, in 2013 the High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) standard was released with the aim of reducing the bit rate (at the same quality) by 50% with respect to its predecessor. However, new contents with greater resolutions and requirements appear every day, making it necessary to further reduce the bit rate. Perceptual video coding has recently been recognized as a promising approach to achieving high-performance video compression and eye tracking data can be used to create and verify these models. In this paper, we present a new algorithm for the bit rate reduction of screen recorded sequences based on the visual perception of videos. An eye tracking system is used during the recording to locate the fixation point of the viewer. Then, the area around that point is encoded with the base quantization parameter (QP) value, which increases when moving away from it. The results show that up to 31.3% of the bit rate may be saved when compared with the original HEVC-encoded sequence, without a significant impact on the perceived quality.

scholarly journals Experimental research in automobile non-pneumatic tire force heterogeneity

2018 ◽  
Vol 224 ◽  
pp. 02019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir Mazur
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
High Performance ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Heavy Traffic ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Air Pressure ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Tire Force ◽  
Excess Air

Simplicity and high efficiency of a wheeled mover as a mechanism for converting rotational motion into a translatory one have conditioned its wide application in overland machines including motor vehicles. However a wheel with a non-pneumatic tyre (NPT) has a sufficient drawback lying in termination of a wheeled machine movement at the excess air pressure loss. Moreover, the loss of excess air pressure in a pneumatic tyre of traditional design at high speed of movement of a motor vehicle can lead to a traffic accident with heavy consequences. The stop of a motor vehicle to change a wheel on a heavy traffic roadway or roadside also poses a threat. These reasons determine the necessity of both well-known design improvements and search for the new wheeled mover design solutions to enhance a motor vehicle safety, the use of wheels with non-pneumatic tyres of elastic polymeric materials being one of them. Safety enhancement by means of non-pneumatic tyre use along with keeping the high performance of wheeled machine operational properties, is an important scientific and technical task that determines the research urgency.

Advantages and Drawbacks of Popular Supercritical Fluid Chromatography / Mass Spectrometry Interfacing Approaches—A User's Perspective

2005 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. David Pinkston
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Supercritical Fluid ◽  
Supercritical Fluid Chromatography ◽  
High Speed ◽  
High Performance ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
User Friendliness ◽  
Chromatographic Separations ◽  
Bioanalytical Applications ◽  
Column Pressure

Mobile phases in supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) have low viscosities and high diffusion coefficients with respect to those of traditional high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). These properties allow higher mobile phase flow rates and/or longer columns in SFC, resulting in rapid analyses and high efficiency separations. In addition, chiral SFC is becoming especially popular. Mass spectrometry (MS) is arguably the most popular “informative” detector for chromatographic separations. Most SFC/MS is performed with atmospheric pressure ionization (API) sources. Unlike LC/MS, the interface between the SFC column and the API source must allow control of the downstream (post-column) pressure while also providing good chromatographic fidelity. Here, we compare and contrast the popular interfacing approaches. Some are simple, such as direct effluent introduction with no active back pressure regulator (BPR) in high-speed bioanalytical applications. The pressure-regulating fluid interface is more versatile and provides excellent chromatographic fidelity, but is less user friendly. The pre-BPR-split interface and an interface which provides total flow introduction with a mechanical BPR are good compromises between user friendliness and performance and have become the most popular among practitioners. Applications of SFC/MS using these various interfaces are also discussed.

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