scholarly journals Relationship Between Year of Schooling and Household Income: Special Reference with Two Localities of Dibrugarh and Jorhat District of Assam

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 518-526
Keyword(s):  
Special Reference ◽  
Least Squares ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Economic Condition ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Family Impact ◽  
Direct Bearing ◽  
Gary Becker ◽  
The Relationship

The study is based on the relationship between year of schooling of children and their parents’ income. Gary Becker, a noble prize winning economist made a preposition in 1950s that the amount of education had a direct bearing on income. This study is based on the relationship between years of schooling of children and the income of their parents and how the socio-economic condition of a family impact on the World’s Human Development. The data for the study was collected from two localities of Jorhat and Dibrugarh District of Assam, India. The data was primary and it consists of 750 people from a village and a tea tribe of 599 people. Methods used to analyse the data was Ordinary least squares.

scholarly journals The human capital–economic growth nexus in SSA countries: what can strengthen the relationship?

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (9) ◽  
pp. 1143-1159
Author(s):  
Roseline Tapuwa Karambakuwa ◽  
Ronney Ncwadi ◽  
Andrew Phiri
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Least Squares ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Econometric Approach ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Ssa Countries

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to examine the impact of human capital on economic growth for a selected sample of nine SSA countries between 1980 and 2014 using a panel econometric approach.Design/methodology/approachThe authors estimate a log-linearized endogenous using the fully modified ordinary least squares (FMOLS) and the dynamic ordinary least squares (POLS) applied to our panel data time series.FindingsThe empirical analysis shows an insignificant effect of human capital on economic growth for our selected sample. These findings remain unchanged even after adding interactive terms to human capital, which are representatives of government spending as well as foreign direct investment. Nevertheless, the authors establish a positive and significant effect of the interactive term between urbanization and human capital on economic growth.Practical implicationsThe results emphasize the need for African policymakers to develop urbanized, “smart”, technologically driven cities within the SSA region as a platform toward strengthening the impact of human capital-economic growth relationship.Originality/valueThis study becomes the first in the literature to validate the human capital–urbanization–growth relationship for African countries.

Investigation of Socioeconomic Determinants on Child Death in South Asian Countries: A Panel Cointegration Analysis

2020 ◽  
pp. 003022282091502
Author(s):  
Shazia Kousar ◽  
Aiza Shabbir ◽  
Rukia Shafqat
Keyword(s):  
Income Inequality ◽  
Socioeconomic Factors ◽  
Least Squares ◽  
Child Mortality ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Health Expenditure ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Long Run ◽  
The Relationship

This article is aimed to examine the relationship between socioeconomic factors and child mortality in South Asia because the relationship between child mortality and socioeconomic factors cannot be overlooked for better progress. Panel data were obtained from (World Development Indicators) and (Human Development Index) for the period 1990–2017. The data were quantitative. Levin, Lin, and Chu and I’m, Pesaran, and Shin test were used to check the stationarity of data. A cointegration test was applied to check the long-run association. Granger causality test was used to determine the direction of the relationship. Fully modified ordinary least squares and dynamic ordinary least squares techniques were used to examine the long-run and short-run impact of socioeconomic determinants on child mortality. The findings from this study showed the significant impact of education, unemployment, and health expenditure, access to improved water and sanitation facilities, and income inequality on child mortality. Overall results showed that there is a negative association between education and child mortality, access to improved water and access to sanitation facilities and child mortality, and health expenditure and child mortality, but there is a positive association between unemployment and income inequality with child mortality. The rate of child mortality is still very alarming in South Asian countries.

The Role of Urbanisation in the Economic Development Process: Evidence from Nigeria

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 223-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sakiru Adebola Solarin
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Least Squares ◽  
Error Correction ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Vector Error Correction ◽  
Vector Error ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Determinants Of Economic Growth ◽  
The Relationship

The aim of this article is to investigate the relationship between urbanisation and economic growth, while controlling for the agricultural sector, industrial development and government expenditure in Nigeria. The autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) approach to cointegration is applied to examine the long-run relationship between the variables over the period 1961–2012. In the process of estimating the long-run coefficients, the ARDL method is augmented with a fully modified ordinary least squares (FMOLS) estimator and a dynamic ordinary least squares (DOLS) estimator. The direction of causality between the variables is examined through the vector error correction method (VECM) Granger causality test. The results establish the existence of a long-run relationship in the variables. The results of the long-run regressions indicate the presence of long-run causality from urbanisation, agriculture and industrialisation to economic growth. Due to the deficiencies associated with the single-equation methods (including the ARDL model), we also use the structural vector error correction model (SVECM) to analyse the relationship between the variables. The impulse response and variance decomposition analyses derived from the SVECM method suggest that urbanisation, agriculture and industrialisation are important determinants of economic growth. The implications of the results are discussed. JEL Classification: Q43, O55, O18

scholarly journals INEQUALITY AND WELFARE OF THE DISPLACED HOUSEHOLDS DUE TO THE CONSTRUCTION OF KOTO PANJANG DAM

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 93
Author(s):  
Fery Andrianus ◽  
Syafruddin Karimi ◽  
Werry Darta Taifur ◽  
Endrizal Ridwan
Keyword(s):  
Income Inequality ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Gini Index ◽  
Economic Condition ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Household Welfare ◽  
Average Household Income ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Resettlement Programs

Displacement due to the construction of the Koto Panjang dam has an impact on household welfare. The displaced households experienced a very poor economic condition at the beginning of the displacement period. This study seeks answers to two questions: how the current welfare of the households is and how the relationship between welfare and income inequality of those households is. The study was conducted on 12 villages which are the locations of involuntary resettlement programs with a total sample of 360 households. The study used Gini index to measure income inequality and Subjective Welfare Indicator to compare household welfare. The results showed that in general, the average household income in Koto Panjang was higher than the Provincial Minimum Wage, but it was not evenly distributed in all villages. The result also showed a negative relationship between welfare and income inequality, but it cannot be used for further analysis because the correlation value is very low.

scholarly journals How Does CSR Activity Affect Sustainable Growth and Value of Corporations? Evidence from Korea

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 508 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyungtag Lee ◽  
Hyunchul Lee
Keyword(s):  
Social Responsibility ◽  
Least Squares ◽  
Optimal Investment ◽  
Listed Companies ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Sustainable Growth ◽  
Quantile Regressions ◽  
Valuable Data ◽  
Middle Range ◽  
The Relationship

This study explores the relationship between Korean listed companies’ corporation social responsibility (CSR) activities and their sustainable growth and valuation, focusing specifically on the nonlinear aspect. The nonlinear quantile regressions used in this study reported that CSR activities increased corporation value exclusively in the middle-range groups (i.e., τ_25, τ_50, τ_75) of Tobin’s q, a proxy for corporation growth and value. However, the linear ordinary least squares (OLS) regression did not indicate similar results. Our findings also showed that CSR activities affect the valuation of Korean listed corporations in a nonlinear, rather than in a linear way. Considering that most prior studies are devoted to reporting linear results from classical ordinary least squares estimations between CSR activities and corporation value, our study fills the gap in the literature. The findings of this study may provide corporation managers and researchers with valuable data concerning a corporation’s optimal investment point for their CSR activities for sustainable growth and the maximization of corporation value.

Corporate Governance and Innovation

2012 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 397-413 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew O’Connor ◽  
Matthew Rafferty
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Least Squares ◽  
Instrumental Variables ◽  
Serial Correlation ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Innovative Activity ◽  
Tobin’S Q ◽  
Tobin's Q ◽  
Unobserved Effects ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractWe use Tobin’s q models of investments to estimate the relationship between corporate governance and the level of innovative activity. Simple ordinary least squares (OLS) models suggest that poor governance reduces innovative activity. However, OLS results are sensitive to controlling for serial correlation, unobserved effects, or using instrumental variables to control simultaneity. Controlling for these effects substantially reduces or eliminates the relationship between governance and innovative activity.

ADVERSE SOCIAL COMPARISON PROCESSES AND NEGATIVE SELF-FEELINGS: A TEST OF ALTERNATIVE MODELS

2004 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beverly L. Stiles ◽  
Howard B. Kaplan
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Least Squares ◽  
Social Comparison ◽  
Social Comparisons ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Least Squares Regression ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares Regression ◽  
Alternative Models ◽  
The Relationship

Theoretically informed models are estimated that specify the direction of the relationship between social comparisons and negative self-feelings. The data are from three waves of an ongoing longitudinal study of adaptations to stress. Subjects are individuals who were tested in their middle teens (T3), mid-twenties (Time 4) and in their mid-thirties (Time 5). The models were estimated using both logistic regression and ordinary least squares regression. In general, the results suggest that negative self-feelings are an antecedent of social comparison processes as negative self-feelings are significantly related to all five measures of social comparison. Findings suggest that negative self-feelings are sometimes a consequence of social comparison processes as negative self-feelings are significantly related to three of the five measures of social comparison.

scholarly journals Trust and Professional Skepticism in the Relationship between Auditors and Clients: Overcoming the Dichotomy Myth

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewald Aschauer ◽  
Matthias Fink ◽  
Andrea Moro ◽  
Katharina van Bakel-Auer ◽  
Bent Warming-Rasmussen
Keyword(s):  
Least Squares ◽  
Interpersonal Trust ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Testable Hypothesis ◽  
Least Squares Regression ◽  
Professional Skepticism ◽  
Multimethod Approach ◽  
Regulatory Measures ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Jel Classifications

ABSTRACT This study empirically investigates the relationship between auditors' identification-based trust in client firms' managers (CEOs/CFOs) and their perceptions of auditors' professional skepticism. We employ a multimethod approach broken down into two studies. First, in Study 1, we approached auditors and clients using narrative interviews in order to identify the working definitions of interpersonal trust and professional skepticism and also to develop an empirical and testable hypothesis against the backdrop of the current literature. Second, in Study 2, an ordinary least squares regression based on data collected from 233 real auditor-client dyads in Germany reveals that auditors' identification-based trust is positively associated with their clients' perception of the auditors' professional skepticism. The identified coexistence of trust and professional skepticism in auditor-client dyads implies that regulatory measures that impede the evolution of trust between auditors and their clients will fail to enhance professional skepticism. Instead, regulations should give auditors and their clients sufficient leeway to establish identification-based trust. JEL Classifications: M42.

scholarly journals Pessimistic Tone in Earnings Announcement and CSR Disclosure: Exploring the Interacting Role of CEO Busyness

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (24) ◽  
pp. 13645
Author(s):  
Sri Ningsih ◽  
Iman Harymawan ◽  
Nurul Fitriani ◽  
Brian Lam
Keyword(s):  
Least Squares ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Global Reporting Initiative ◽  
Income Statement ◽  
Csr Disclosure ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Sustainability Report ◽  
Insight Into

This study analyzes the relationship between the pessimistic tone in earnings announcements and CSR disclosures interacted by CEO busyness. This study used 191 observations from 74 firms listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange and the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) database from 2016–2019. Grounded in signaling theory, we hypothesize that a pessimistic tone in earning announcements will increase CSR disclosure. We also hypothesize that busy CEOs strengthen this relationship. We use the ordinary least squares to analyze and answer our hypotheses. This study showed that the use of a pessimistic tone in the income statement in the discussion report and management analysis (MD&A) is related positively and significantly to CSR disclosure. This study also found that busy CEOs strengthen those relationships. Our implication is that CSR disclosure in our sample is only measured based on the information presented in the sustainability report. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is the first to investigate the relationship between the pessimistic tone in earning announcements and CSR disclosures interacted by CEO busyness. In addition, this study provides insight into current performance disclosure practices in MD&A reports and CSR reports that managers can use to safeguard the firm’s reputation.

scholarly journals Threshold Effects of Import Dependence on Economic Growth in Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 198-219
Author(s):  
Oziengbe Scott AIGHEYISI
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Least Squares ◽  
Threshold Model ◽  
Threshold Level ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Growth Effect ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Threshold Effects ◽  
Long Run ◽  
The Relationship

This study uses annual time series data spanning 1981–2018 to investigate the threshold effects of import dependence on economic growth in Nigeria. The ordinary least squares (OLS) and the fully modified OLS (FMOLS) techniques are employed for estimation of a quadratic regression model to determine the nature of the relationship between aggregate import dependence and economic growth. It is found that the relationship is concave, that is, it follows an inverted-U shape. The conditional least squares estimator is thereafter employed to estimate the threshold model specified to determine the threshold level of import dependence. The study finds a threshold level of 26% for aggregate import dependence. Below this threshold, import dependence positively affects economic growth; above the threshold, the growth effect of import dependence is adverse. Furthermore, it is found that the long-run growth effect of Inflation is adverse, and investment is favourable to long-run economic growth. Based on these findings, the paper recommends efforts by Nigeria’s government to reduce import dependence below the estimated threshold of 26%, control inflation and encourage investment so as to enhance the growth of the nation’s economy.

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