scholarly journals Adaptive Data Transmission Optimization in Internet of Things

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 1956-1964
Keyword(s):  
Data Transmission ◽  
Traffic Load ◽  
Performance Parameters ◽  
Iot Applications ◽  
Fine Grain ◽  
Delay Sensitive ◽  
Data Flows ◽  
Node Network ◽  
Iot Devices ◽  
Time And Energy

In most of the IoT applications, exchange of data among various physical and virtual IoT devices having different data flows, energy and delay constraints is a challenging task in such environments. This imposes constraints in IoT applications at the node, network and application level, and to meet such constraints, we propose an adaptive IoT system that adapts to different data flows in IoT network having different time and energy constraints. The proposed scheme consists of two algorithms viz., coarse grain transmission path algorithm for low-deadline IoT applications, where time, traffic load and energy consumption are considered as the main parameters; and a fine-grain algorithm for high-deadline situations, where low latency and power constraints are the important performance parameters. Finally, the performance of proposed strategy is evaluated by simulation. The results of the proposed scheme in this paper outperform the existing algorithms in terms of energy, power, number of alive nodes and delay. The proposed scheme is used for data transmission optimization in delay-sensitive resource-constrained IoT applications.

scholarly journals An Optimal Multilevel Encryption Technique for Securing the Data Transmission in IoT

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 1239-1242
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Elliptic Curve ◽  
Data Transmission ◽  
Data Security ◽  
Elliptic Curve Cryptography ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Secret Message ◽  
Critical Component ◽  
Iot Applications ◽  
Iot Devices

Internet of Things(IoT) is playing a pivotal role in our daily life as well as in various fields like Health, agriculture, industries etc. In the go, the data in the various IoT applications will be easily available to the physical dominion and thus the process of ensuringthe security of the data will be a major concern. For the extensive implementation of the numerous applications of IoT , the data security is a critical component. In our work, we have developed an encryption technique to secure the data of IoT. With the help of Merkle-Hellman encryption the data collected from the various IoT devices are first of all encrypted and then the secret message is generated with the help of Elliptic Curve Cryptography.

scholarly journals Sidelink optimizations for layer-3 based IoT Relaying in 5G NR

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Subin narayanan ◽  
Dimitris Tsolkas ◽  
Nikos Passas ◽  
Andreas Höglund ◽  
Olof Liberg
Keyword(s):  
Power Consumption ◽  
Data Transmission ◽  
Success Probability ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Battery Life ◽  
Small Data ◽  
Iot Applications ◽  
Signaling Overhead ◽  
Traffic Scenario ◽  
Iot Devices

<div>The effective support of 5G-Internet of Things (IoT) requires cellular service in deep coverage areas while providing long battery life for IoT devices which perform infrequent small data transmission towards the base station. Relaying is a promising solution to extend the coverage while at the same time meeting the battery life requirements of the IoT devices. Considering this, we analyze the suitability of layer-3 relaying over the 3GPP Release 16 NR-PC5 interface to support massive IoT applications. More precisely, we study the unicast connection establishment mechanism over the NR PC5 interface in a partial coverage scenario. Further, a set of optimizations on the Release 16 NR-PC5 procedure to effectively support massive IoT applications are proposed and analyzed. The obtained performance evaluation results which are presented in terms of data success probability, device power consumption, and signaling overhead, quantify how effectively the Release 16 NR-PC5 interface can support the requirement of IoT in the 5G and beyond era. The proposed sidelink small data transmission and frame-level access provides the largest gain overall and can reduce the device power consumption by an average of 68%, and signaling overhead by 15% while maintaining a data success probability of more than 90% in an IMT-2020 defined IoT traffic scenario.</div>

scholarly journals MicroServices Suite for Smart City Applications

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (21) ◽  
pp. 4798 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudio Badii ◽  
Pierfrancesco Bellini ◽  
Angelo Difino ◽  
Paolo Nesi ◽  
Gianni Pantaleo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smart City ◽  
Data Analytics ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Data Gathering ◽  
Iot Applications ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Data Flows ◽  
Iot Devices ◽  
The Internet Of Things

Smart Cities are approaching the Internet of Things (IoT) World. Most of the first-generation Smart City solutions are based on Extract Transform Load (ETL); processes and languages that mainly support pull protocols for data gathering. IoT solutions are moving forward to event-driven processes using push protocols. Thus, the concept of IoT applications has turned out to be widespread; but it was initially “implemented” with ETL; rule-based solutions; and finally; with true data flows. In this paper, these aspects are reviewed, highlighting the requirements for smart city IoT applications and in particular, the ones that implement a set of specific MicroServices for IoT Applications in Smart City contexts. Moreover; our experience has allowed us to implement a suite of MicroServices for Node-RED; which has allowed for the creation of a wide range of new IoT applications for smart cities that includes dashboards, IoT Devices, data analytics, discovery, etc., as well as a corresponding Life Cycle. The proposed solution has been validated against a large number of IoT applications, as it can be verified by accessing the https://www.Snap4City.org portal; while only three of them have been described in the paper. In addition, the reported solution assessment has been carried out by a number of smart city experts. The work has been developed in the framework of the Select4Cities PCP (PreCommercial Procurement), funded by the European Commission as Snap4City platform.

scholarly journals Sidelink optimizations for layer-3 based IoT Relaying in 5G NR

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Subin narayanan ◽  
Dimitris Tsolkas ◽  
Nikos Passas ◽  
Andreas Höglund ◽  
Olof Liberg
Keyword(s):  
Power Consumption ◽  
Data Transmission ◽  
Success Probability ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Battery Life ◽  
Small Data ◽  
Iot Applications ◽  
Signaling Overhead ◽  
Traffic Scenario ◽  
Iot Devices

<div>The effective support of 5G-Internet of Things (IoT) requires cellular service in deep coverage areas while providing long battery life for IoT devices which perform infrequent small data transmission towards the base station. Relaying is a promising solution to extend the coverage while at the same time meeting the battery life requirements of the IoT devices. Considering this, we analyze the suitability of layer-3 relaying over the 3GPP Release 16 NR-PC5 interface to support massive IoT applications. More precisely, we study the unicast connection establishment mechanism over the NR PC5 interface in a partial coverage scenario. Further, a set of optimizations on the Release 16 NR-PC5 procedure to effectively support massive IoT applications are proposed and analyzed. The obtained performance evaluation results which are presented in terms of data success probability, device power consumption, and signaling overhead, quantify how effectively the Release 16 NR-PC5 interface can support the requirement of IoT in the 5G and beyond era. The proposed sidelink small data transmission and frame-level access provides the largest gain overall and can reduce the device power consumption by an average of 68%, and signaling overhead by 15% while maintaining a data success probability of more than 90% in an IMT-2020 defined IoT traffic scenario.</div>

scholarly journals Virtualizing AI at the Distributed Edge Towards Intelligent IoT Applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
Claudia Campolo ◽  
Giacomo Genovese ◽  
Antonio Iera ◽  
Antonella Molinaro
Keyword(s):  
Resource Constraints ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Traditional Approach ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Iot Applications ◽  
Software And Hardware ◽  
Iot Devices ◽  
Consumer Devices ◽  
Hardware Platforms ◽  
Smart Factories

Several Internet of Things (IoT) applications are booming which rely on advanced artificial intelligence (AI) and, in particular, machine learning (ML) algorithms to assist the users and make decisions on their behalf in a large variety of contexts, such as smart homes, smart cities, smart factories. Although the traditional approach is to deploy such compute-intensive algorithms into the centralized cloud, the recent proliferation of low-cost, AI-powered microcontrollers and consumer devices paves the way for having the intelligence pervasively spread along the cloud-to-things continuum. The take off of such a promising vision may be hurdled by the resource constraints of IoT devices and by the heterogeneity of (mostly proprietary) AI-embedded software and hardware platforms. In this paper, we propose a solution for the AI distributed deployment at the deep edge, which lays its foundation in the IoT virtualization concept. We design a virtualization layer hosted at the network edge that is in charge of the semantic description of AI-embedded IoT devices, and, hence, it can expose as well as augment their cognitive capabilities in order to feed intelligent IoT applications. The proposal has been mainly devised with the twofold aim of (i) relieving the pressure on constrained devices that are solicited by multiple parties interested in accessing their generated data and inference, and (ii) and targeting interoperability among AI-powered platforms. A Proof-of-Concept (PoC) is provided to showcase the viability and advantages of the proposed solution.

scholarly journals Implementation analysis of IoT-based offloading frameworks on cloud/edge computing for sensor generated big data

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karan Bajaj ◽  
Bhisham Sharma ◽  
Raman Singh
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Fog Computing ◽  
Edge Computing ◽  
Computation Offloading ◽  
Performance Parameters ◽  
Iot Applications ◽  
Time Sensitivity ◽  
Implementation Analysis ◽  
Increasing Demand

AbstractThe Internet of Things (IoT) applications and services are increasingly becoming a part of daily life; from smart homes to smart cities, industry, agriculture, it is penetrating practically in every domain. Data collected over the IoT applications, mostly through the sensors connected over the devices, and with the increasing demand, it is not possible to process all the data on the devices itself. The data collected by the device sensors are in vast amount and require high-speed computation and processing, which demand advanced resources. Various applications and services that are crucial require meeting multiple performance parameters like time-sensitivity and energy efficiency, computation offloading framework comes into play to meet these performance parameters and extreme computation requirements. Computation or data offloading tasks to nearby devices or the fog or cloud structure can aid in achieving the resource requirements of IoT applications. In this paper, the role of context or situation to perform the offloading is studied and drawn to a conclusion, that to meet the performance requirements of IoT enabled services, context-based offloading can play a crucial role. Some of the existing frameworks EMCO, MobiCOP-IoT, Autonomic Management Framework, CSOS, Fog Computing Framework, based on their novelty and optimum performance are taken for implementation analysis and compared with the MAUI, AnyRun Computing (ARC), AutoScaler, Edge computing and Context-Sensitive Model for Offloading System (CoSMOS) frameworks. Based on the study of drawn results and limitations of the existing frameworks, future directions under offloading scenarios are discussed.

scholarly journals Radiation Pattern Reconfigurable Antenna for IoT Devices

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Zakaria Mahlaoui ◽  
Eva Antonino-Daviu ◽  
Miguel Ferrando-Bataller
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Pattern ◽  
Reconfigurable Antenna ◽  
Characteristic Mode ◽  
Pin Diodes ◽  
Iot Applications ◽  
Different Dimensions ◽  
Iot Devices ◽  
Characteristic Mode Theory ◽  
Good Agreement ◽  
Metallic Plates

Based on the characteristic mode theory, a versatile radiation pattern reconfigurable antenna is proposed. The analysis starts from two parallel metallic plates with the same and different dimensions. By means of two PIN diodes, the size of one of the parallel metallic plates can be modified and consequently the behavior of the radiation pattern can be switched between bidirectional and unidirectional radiation patterns. Moreover, a SPDT switch is used to adjust the frequency and match the input impedance. The reconfigurable antenna prototype has been assembled and tested, and a good agreement between simulated and measured results is obtained at 2.5 GHz band which fits the IoT applications.

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